Week One Drugs

Question 1

What is a depressant

Answer 1

A depressant is a drug that tends to suppress central nervous
system activity

Question 2

What is physical dependence

Answer 2

Physical dependence invoices changes in normal bodily functions ( i.e the user will experience withdrawal from drug when stopping use)

Question 3

What is psychological dependence

Answer 3

psychological dependence has an emotional, rather than a physical need for the dug and my use the drug to relive psychological distress

Question 4

What is tolerance

Answer 4

Tolerance is linked to physiological dependence, it occurs when a person requires more and more if a drug to achieve its previous effects

Question 5

True or false

Tolerance can cause the user to increase the amount of drug used to a dangerous level even to a point of overdose and death

Answer 5

true

Question 6

Fill in the blanks

Drug withdrawal includes a variety of ___ experienced when drug use is _____

Answer 6

Drug withdrawal includes a variety of negative symptoms experienced when drug use is discontinued

Question 7

true or false

the symptoms of withdrawal are usually the opposite effects of the drug

Answer 7

true

Question 8

true or false

withdrawal form sedative drugs often produce unpleasant arousal and agitation

Answer 8

true

Question 9

fill in the blanks

in addition to withdrawal, many individuals who are diagnosed with substance use disorder will also _________

Answer 9

in addition to withdrawal, many individuals who are diagnosed with substance use disorder will also develop tolerance to these substances

Question 10

Fill in the blanks

____ is limited in determining wether someone has a _____ because we can experience _________

Answer 10

physical dependence is limited in determining wether someone has a substance use disorder because we can experience withdrawal form any number of drugs we do not abuse

Question 11

What are examples of stimulant drugs?

Answer 11

Cocaine, amphetamines (including some ADHD medications such as Adderall), methamphetamines, MDMA (Ecstasy or Molly)

Question 12

What are the effects of stimulants on the body?

Answer 12

Increased heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature

Question 13

What are the effects when stimulants are used in low doses?

Answer 13

Increased alertness, mild euphoria, decreased appetite

Question 14

What are the effects when stimulants are used in high doses?

Answer 14

Increased agitation, paranoia, can cause hallucinations. Some can cause heightened sensitivity to physical stimuli.

Question 15

What are the potential dangers of high doses of MDMA?

Answer 15

High doses of MDMA can cause brain toxicity and death.

Question 16

What are Sedative-Hypnotics?

Answer 16

Sedative-Hypnotics, also known as depressants, include substances like alcohol, barbiturates (e.g., secobarbital, pentobarbital), and benzodiazepines (e.g., Xanax).

Question 17

What are the effects of low doses of Sedative-Hypnotics?

Answer 17

Low doses increase relaxation and decrease inhibitions.

Question 18

What are the effects of high doses of Sedative-Hypnotics?

Answer 18

High doses can induce sleep, cause motor disturbance, memory loss, decreased respiratory function, and death.

Question 19

What are Opiates?

Answer 19

Opiates include opium, heroin, fentanyl, morphine, oxycodone, Vicodin, methadone, and other prescription pain relievers.

Question 20

What are the effects of Opiates?

Answer 20

Opiates result in decreased pain, pupil dilation, decreased gut motility, and decreased respiratory function.

Question 21

What are the benefits of Opiates?

Answer 21

Benefits include pain relief, euphoria, and sleepiness.

Question 22

What are the risks of high doses of Opiates?

Answer 22

High doses can cause death due to respiratory depression.

Question 23

What are some examples of hallucinogens?

Answer 23

Marijuana, LSD, Peyote, mescaline, DMT, dissociative anesthetics including ketamine and PCP.

Question 24

What are common physiological effects of hallucinogens?

Answer 24

Increased heart rate and blood pressure that may dissipate over time.

Question 25

What kind of perceptual changes can hallucinogens cause?

Answer 25

Mild to intense perceptual changes with high variability in effects based on strain, method of ingestion, and individual differences.

Question 26

what are the drug classes

Answer 26

Stimulants Sedative- hypnotics ( depressants) opiates hallucinogens

Question 27

what characteristics do depressants have in common

Answer 27

they share a common ability to serve as agonists of the GABA neurotransmitter system

Question 28

Fill in the blanks generally alcohol is associated with ____

Answer 28

Generally, alcohol is associated with decreases in reaction time and visual acuity, lowered levels of alertness, and reduction in behavioural control.

Question 29

what are stimulants

Answer 29

stimulants are drugs that tend to increase overall levels of neural activity many of these drugs acts as agonists if the dopamine neurotransmitter system

Question 30

fill in the blanks dopamine activity is often associated with ______, therefore drugs that affect dopamine have _____

Answer 30

dopamine activity is often associated with reward and craving therefore drugs that affect dopamine have abuse potential

Question 31

What is a euphoric high

Answer 31

feelings if intense elation and pleasure, especially in those user who take the drug via intervaneous injection or smoking

Question 32

Fill in the blanks adenosine is a neurotransmitter that _____

Answer 32

adenosine is a neurotransmitter that promotes sleep

Question 33

caffeine inhibits what receptors

Answer 33

adenosine receptors

Question 34

fill in the blanks nicotine exerts its effects through its interaction with ______

Answer 34

nicotine exerts its effects through its interaction with acetylcholine receptors

Question 35

acetylcholine function is

Answer 35

acetylcholine functions as a neurotransmitter in motor neurons in the central nervous system it plays a role in arousal and reward mechanisms

Question 36

What is a opioid

Answer 36

An opioid is a category of drugs that includes heroin, morphine, methadone, and codeine. Opioids have analgesic properties; that is, they decrease pain.

Question 37

fill in the blanks Humans have ____ the body makes small quantities of ___ that bind to ____ reducing pain and producing euphoria. Thus, opioid drugs, which mimic this____ have an extremely high potential for abuse.

Answer 37

Humans have an endogenous opioid neurotransmitter system—the body makes small quantities of opioid compounds that bind to opioid receptors reducing pain and producing euphoria. Thus, opioid drugs, which mimic this endogenous painkilling mechanism, have an extremely high potential for abuse.

Question 38

What is methadone

Answer 38

Methadone is a synthetic opioid that is less euphorigenic than heroin and similar drugs. Methadone clinics help people who previously struggled with opioid addiction manage withdrawal symptoms through the use of methadone.

Question 39

What is codeine

Answer 39

Codeine is an opioid with relatively low potency. It is often prescribed for minor pain, and it is available over-the-counter in some other countries. Like all opioids, codeine does have abuse potentia

Question 40

What is a hallucinogen

Answer 40

A hallucinogen is one of a class of drugs that results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences