Week three material Flashcards
(21 cards)
Carbohydrates
One type of macromolecule represented by the stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules.
Monosaccharides
Simple sugars, the most common of which is glucose.
Asymmetric carbon
A carbon atom that is attached to four different types of atoms or groups of atoms
Disaccharides
What is formed when two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration reaction (also known as a condensation reaction or dehydration synthesis). Common disaccharides include lactose, maltose, and sucrose.
Polysaccharide
A long chain of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds. Starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin are primary examples of polysaccharides.
Glycogen
The storage form of glucose in humans and other vertebrates and is made up of monomers of glucose
Cellulose
The most abundant natural biopolymer.
Chitin
A polysaccharide-containing nitrogen
Lipids
Hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon–carbon or carbon–hydrogen bonds. Lipids are the building blocks of many hormones and are an important constituent of all cellular membranes. Some examples are fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.
Triacylglycerols
Fat, which can also be called triglycerides because of their chemical structure
Saturated
A type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all single bonds.
Unsaturated
A fatty acid when the hydrocarbon chain contains a double bond.
Trans fat
When the hydrogen atoms are on two different planes.
Cis fat
When the hydrogen atoms are on the same plane.
Omega-3
A polyunsaturated fatty acids characterized by the presence of a double bond
Wax
A viscous substance, typically a lipid or hydrocarbon.
Phospholipids
Major constituents of the plasma membrane, the outermost layer of animal cells.
Steroids
Have a fused ring structure and are also hydrophobic and insoluble in water.
phosphodiester linkage
A covalent bond in RNA or DNA that holds a polynucleotide chain together by joining a phosphate group at position 5 in the pentose sugar of one nucleotide to the hydroxyl group at position 3 in the pentose sugar of the next nucleotide
what are fats?
Stored forms of energy and also known as triacyglycerols or triglycerides. They are made up of fatty acids and either glycerol or sphingosine.
Carbohydrates
One type of macromolecule represented by the stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules.
