WEEK TWO:PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
What is genetic disorder?
when a mutation affects your genes or when you have the wrong amount of genetic materials
What is Mutation?
a sudden permanent change in the structure of genes that occurs spontaneously or may be inducted by exposure to environmental toxin
(ex: cystic fibrosis)
What is chromosomal abnormalities?
some are the results of the dominant-recessive inheritance where one or both parents contribute.
ex: down syndrome
Affects the number or structure of the X and Y chromosomes
Ex: Klinefelter
what are 4 reasons why someone may seek more information about their genes?
- Predicting the likelihood of genetic disorders
- May be from various ethnic groups
- Hard time conceiving
- Women are over the age of 35
What is prenatal screening? And what are the two different screenings?
provide information about the likelihood of a genetic or chromosome disorder.
1. Enhanced first-trimester screening (eFTS)
2. Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT)
What is prenatal testing? and what are the three different testings?
provides confirmation of a genetic or chromosome disorder
1. Invasive Diagnostic testing:
2. Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)
3. Amniocentesis
What is the Epigenetic framework?
a perspective that development results from reciprocal interactions between genetics and the environment such as the expression of genetic inheritance is influenced by environmental factors
What is behavioural genetics?
the field of study that examines how genes and environment combines to influence the diversity of human traits, abilities, and behaviors
What is Herediability?
the remaining variation not due to genetic differences is instead a result of the environment and our experience
Height, growth
What is niche-picking?
active gene-environment correlation in which individuals seek out experiences and environments that complement their genetic tendencies
when is the most critical periods of prenatal development?
3-12 weeks because majority of major structural defects can occur
What is a teratogen?
an environmental factor that causes damages to prenatal development
ex: nicotine, alcohol, drugs
What is enhanced first-trimester screening (eFTS)?
provides information about the chance of your baby having certain chromosomal differences
What is a Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT?
provides information about the chance of your baby having certain chromosome abnormalities
More accurate than eFTS
what is Invasive Diagnostic testing?
optional testing that gives a definitive answer about specific chromosome differences in your baby
Anatomical abnormalities are discovered on ultrasounds
