WEEK FOUR/FIVE: COGNITION Flashcards
(33 cards)
What are three major perspectives on cognitive development?
Cognitive development theories
Sociocultural theories
Information processing theories
What are reflexes?
determine the infants interactions with the world are strengthened and adapted
What are primary circular reactions?
repeating an action that produced a chance event involving the infants body
What are secondary circular reactions?
repeating an action that produce a chance event that triggers a response in the external environment
What are coordination of secondary circular reaction?
beginning of intentional behaviour
what are terry circular reactions?
repeating an action to explore the experiment to see the result and learn about the world (12-18 months)
what is easy representational thought?
transition between senorimotor and preoperational reasoning stage
what are violation of expectation tasks?
a method in which infants are shown events that appear to violate physical law
what is deferred-imitation?
imitation the behaviour of an absent model
what is core knowledge perspective?
infants are born with several innate knowledge systems of core domains of thought that enable early rapid learning and adaptation
Children’s ability to acquire languages
what is assimilation?
the process by which new experience are interpreted and integrated into pre-existing schemas
what is accommodation?
the process by which schemas are modified or created to include new experiences
What is cognitive equilibrium?
a balance between the process of assimilation and accommodation
what is disequilibrium?
leads to cognitive growth because of the mismatch between schemas and reality
what is egocentrism?
children’s inability to take another’s persons POV
Assume the other person thinks and feels the same
what is animism?
the belief that inanimate objects are alive and have feelings
what is centration?
the tendency to focus on one part of a stimulus, situation or idea and exclude others, a characteristic of preoperational thought
ex: the cupcake size analogy
what is irreversibility?
oung children have difficulty mentally reversing sequences
Ex: ice turn water or water turns into ice
what is object identity?
understanding that certain characteristics of an object do not change despite superficial change in the objects appearance
what is reversibility?
understanding that an object that has been physically altered can be returned to its original state
what is classification?
the ability to organize things into groups based on characteristics
what is seriation?
involves ordering objects in a series of physical dimensions like height weight and color
what is transitive inference?
a classification in which a child can infer the relationship between two objects by understanding each others relationship to a third object
what is class inclusion?
the concept that subordinate class must always be smaller than the superordinate class in which it is contained
