Week1 Flashcards
(46 cards)
Chemistry of compounds that contain the element carbon
Organic chemistry
Key structural features of living organisms
Carbon atom
What was the first period of organic chemistry all about?
The general advancement of organic chemistry
• The vital force theory (vitalism)
Organic compounds were only those that came from living organisms, living things could synthesize organic compounds through the intervention of vital force
Who synthesize urea?
Friedrich Wöhler (1828)
What was the second period of organic chemistry all about?
August Kekulé, Archibald Scott Couper, and Alexander M. Butlerov
- they suggested that each substance are defined by specific arrangement of atoms
What are the two central ideas of structural theory
- The atoms of molecules are held together by bonds and that atoms has the same number of bonds with its most stable compounds. The measure of this ability is called valence.
- The carbon atoms are the key structural features and that concept is used to predict the large molecules containing network of carbon atoms.
It is generally forms of four bonds
Tetravalent
Ex: Carbon
It is generally form of three bonds
Trivalent
Ex: Nitrogen
It is generally form of two bonds
Divalent
Ex: Oxygen
It is generally form of only one bond
Monovalent
Ex: Hydrogen
Halogens ( F, Cl, Br, I)
What is stereochemistry
It is the study of the relative spatial arrangement of atoms that form the structure of molecules and their manipulation
Molecules having the same molecular structure and sequence of bonded atoms but differing three dimensional orientation of atoms in space
Stereoisomers
What is compounds
These are made up of elements combined in different proportions
What is elements
These are made up of atoms
What consist of atoms
It is consist of a dense, positively charged nucleus containing protons and neutrons and is surrounding cloud of electrons
It is atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and does different A
Isotopes
It is weighted average mass in atomic mass unit of an element’s naturally occurring isotopes
Atomic mass/ atomic weight
It is the most important shell
Valence shell
It is the outermost shell
Valence shell
The electrons of this shell are the ones that an atom uses in making chemical bonds
Valence shell
The tendency for an atom to achieve a configuration where its valence shell contains eight electrons
Octet rule
It is formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another atom to create ions
Ionic (electrovalent) bonds
It is formed when atoms share electrons
Covalent bonds
(Ionic character)
EN diff <0.5
Covalent bond
