west indies + Evesham (CS)

Question 1

Post-War Migration (Wave 1) and Integration

Answer 1

• Labour shortages post-WWII (dead/injured, need for rebuilding).
• 1948 British Nationality Act gave Empire/Commonwealth citizens the right to live/work in UK.
• 472k migrants (1955–62), many Caribbean (Windrush), later South Asians in 1960s.
• Formed ethnic enclaves: Indian (Neasden/Southall), Caribbean (Brixton),
• Poorly paid jobs, lived in deprived areas.
• 3 million migrants arrived in total.

Question 2

How did government policy and public attitudes to migrants shift in the 1960s–80s?

Answer 2

• Commonwealth Immigration Acts (1961/2) began restricting migration.
• 1970s deindustrialisation caused job loss, economic decline.
• BAME communities faced poor policing, gang growth, and discrimination.
• 1981 Brixton Riots + 1990s Southall riots reflect tensions.
• Annual migration fell to 54kin 1980s/90s.
• Ongoing resentment due to competition for jobs during economic downturns.

Question 3

main features of UK migration in the 21st century

Answer 3

• 2004: A8 EU accession → ½ million Poles + other Eastern Europeans migrate.
• 2005 net migration peaked at 320k.
• 2016: Brexit vote.
• 2020: End of free EU movement.
• Points-based immigration system (2021) prioritizes skilled workers (nurses, students, coders).

Question 4

What makes Evesham attractive to migrant workers, and what are the conditions like?

Answer 4

• located in worcestershire
• fertile soil for agriculture + market gardening
• demand for seasonal agricultural labour EE workers
• live in shipping containers

Question 5

Challenges of Migration in Rural Areas

Answer 5

• Social segregation & tension: Locals feel the rural idyll is threatened (noise, cultural differences, pollution).
• Language barriers put pressure on services; TAs hired to help.
• Economic concerns:
  -> Competition for jobs, especially in low-skilled sectors.
  -> Remittances sent home → less local spending.
  -> Exploitation by gangmasters, even modern slavery cases.
  -> Lack of English can lead to unintentional rule-breaking.