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Western Art Music Flashcards

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1
Q

Opera baroque

A

started by Monteverdi. Combine of story, solo singing, choir singing, orchestra, full theater effects of costumes, sets, special effects, acting. Other countries keep using Italian language which limits audience. based on ancient greeek stories.
-dramatic performance in which the text is sung rather than spoken.

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2
Q

oratorio baroque

A

sounds like opera except there are no set, coustumes, acting.. It is like concert version of opera. Still have large ansenble. The stories are always based on OT and vernactular(language of audience).GF Handel is famous. NOT played during church service.

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3
Q

cantata baroque

A

Mini oratorio. Small every thing. Under 30 minutes. Often performed during church holidays.

  • sacred cantatas- church perfomred.
  • secular- contemorary issues of society.
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4
Q

recitative baroque

A

a simple melodic structure and is used to say great deal of text. not fully singing. Narrative. And then it goes Aria, which is a beautiful song. singers added their own virtuoso run and ornament.
-the free declaration of a vocal line, with only a simple instrumental accompaniment for support.

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5
Q

aria chiaroscuro baroque

A

-from the italian for light-dark. and artistic technique in which subtle gradations of value create the illusion of rounded, three dimensional forms in space. also called modeling.

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6
Q

harpsichord baroque

A

improvised by the performer. back ground instrument. sounds like rhythm guitar in rock. It provide the harmonic and basic rhythm energy.

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7
Q

dance suite baroque

A

collection of popular dance forms played by orchestra. sometimes danced too and sometimes just listened too.

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8
Q

landscape baroque

A

-

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9
Q

genre secnes baroque

A

-

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10
Q

still life baroque

A

-

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11
Q

group portrait baroque

A

-

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12
Q

versailles complex baroque

A

-

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13
Q

Bach baroque

A

-german. religious fervor, illusionism, emotionalism. -Arnstadt church organist
-“well-tempered Clavier”
-Passions: “st. john” and “st. matthew” (just a couple of them)
-“The art of the Fugue”
-put stamps on his works (Jesus, judia and soli deo gloria)
Bach Considered the ultimate Baroque composer. master of the organ and whose music epitomized the particular manifestation of the Baroque time period.

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14
Q

Handel baroque

A

-patronage of Queen Anne of England
able to focus on his music because he had her to support him
wrote twelve Concerti Grossi
–Italian Operas
-Oratorios
-“water music” (written for bday of K. George III
and “messiah”
German-born composer who mastered in Italian opera and spent most of his adult life as England;s leading composer. Composed many cantatas. Examples: Messiah, Rinaldo, and Ombra Mai Fu

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15
Q

caravaggio baroque

A

-tenebrism. live model. light using. italy

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16
Q

velazquez baroque

A

-spain. painter of king. the maids of honor.

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17
Q

rubens baroque

A

-flander. painter of duke. dramatic chiaroscuro and theatrical presentation of subject matter. dynamic and passion. The rape of the daughter of leucippus.diamond shape.

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18
Q

rembrandt baroque

A

-holland. golden toned. phychology of a particualr situation.use of light showing just face. large group partrait.

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19
Q

king louis 14- what did he do name something they created

A

-created versailles. in paris. classic style but the massive scale is baroque.

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20
Q

instrumentation of a baroque orchestra

A
  • improvised harpsichord in background everywhere tht provide the harmonic and basic rhythm energy.
  • string orchestra has violin1,2, viola, cello. the string orchestra was standardized and the compsoer would always have these players.
  • woodwinds- recorder or flute, oboe, bassoon NOT CLARINET
  • Brass- trumpet and horn NO VALVES
  • timpani used occasionly.
  • music was written for whatever the composer has. so there is woodwinds and brass combinations.
  • music was played couple times and people wanted NEW
  • Melody is usually not broken up.
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21
Q

who started opera baroque

A
  1. Monteverdi composes Orfeo the first opera, based on ancient Greek stories.
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22
Q

emotional power of rembrandts paintings baroque

A

-concentrated on the personality of the sitter or the psychology of a particulaar situation rather than on surface characteristics. use of light and shade to focus the viewer’s attention on the key figures.

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23
Q

how were the painting styles different bw the catholic church art, aristocratic/ king arts, and middle class arts of netherlands baroque

A
  • catholic church- use of light. sacred.
  • king- elegance, vivid and soft brush stroke. showing their dignity. holland started turn away from creating false idols and creaate everday life. free market. landscap, still life, genre paintings. realism.
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24
Q

baroque music style-sound

A
  • development of harmonic progressions. and use of major and minor scales and keys.
  • many separate movements which are combined into a unified piece.
  • one melody and one emotional mood in a movement.
  • use of counterpoint which combines melodie and counter melodies on top.
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25
Baroque music style-music
- composed for church services, sacred music concert, king, courts,public or wealthy patron concert, amatueur players and in small rooms. - music for solo, duets, trios, quartets, medium and large ensembles. - used for ballet, dance, operas, oratorios, cantatas, outdoor and indoor concert,.... - orchestras accompanied all ballets, operas, oratorios, cantatas. - many chamber music pieces for background music for event. - Concerto- a piece for 1-4 solo parts accompanied by the rest of the orchestra. - sonata- a multi movement peice for instruments(2 up to the full orchestra)
26
Age of Enlightenment
-a philosophical movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries that challenged tradition, stressed reason over blind faith or obedience, and encouraged scientific thought.
27
rococo style art
-an 18th century style of painting and of interior design that featured lavish ornamentation. rococo painting was characterized by light colors, wit, and playfulness. Rococo interios had ornamental mirrors, small sculptures and reliefs, wall paintings, and elegant furnichings.
28
pastel
-
29
Haydn-name something that he created Classical
- classical. the most important in therms of developing the classical era music styles, compositional forms, traditions. he is noted for his symphonies, chamber music and for some of his sacred choral pieces. Tend to work for princes or wealthy patrons. symphony is perfected by Haydn. - london symphoies.
30
mozart-name something that he created Classical
- the brilliant genus of the era. His mature symphones, operas, chamber music, concertos, etc are all the finest examples of music from any era. Work for commissions and his own concert - symphony no.40
31
watteau-name something that he created Classical
- french rococo painter. - "return from cythera" - colorful and feathery brushstroke, along with flourished of thick paint that create the illusion of folds in lush, shimmery fambric, correspond in feelin to the sensuality of his subject. - mood of nostalgia and farewell is conveyd not only by the autumnal colors but also by the late afternoon ligh that washed over the scene.
32
what is the form of a symphony(# and speed of movements) Classical
-means a sonata for orchestra. -4 movement piece for orchestra, perfected by Haydn. The four movements are basted on speed or tempo. FAST-SLOW-MINUET-FAST. -the first movement uses Sonata Allegro Form(a complex form or organization structure) based on the complexity of the german novel.-A novel has two contrasting characters and a couple minor characters.
33
instrumentation of a classical era orchestra Classical
- standardized instrumentation. Strings same as baroque plus string bass. And everything paired! Pair of Woodwind plus clarinets and pairs of Brass and NOT YET Valves. Rarely contra bassoon and trombones. - Timpani and military drum and later bass drum and cymbals. - Woodwinds play melodic content but the brass play fanfare and end of movement.
34
sonata-Allegro form Classical
- first movement. - Introduction- fanfare with none of the melodies used later - exposition-two main themes repeated a couple times. key change for the second theme. - development- develop two themes. change, - recapitulation- themes come back! similar as the exposition to remind the original themes. The other three movements of a symphony are less complex.
35
Mozart influence on opera Classical
- He raised the quality of story line(libretto), emotional quality of the music and forces the solo singers to sing what is composed. - story range from serious social to funny comedies. - profound musical quality in both the vocal solos and the orchestra writing. Becoming for everyone! - Rectitatives got shorter, and arias, duets... of all the main characters become longer and more beautiful.
36
Bel Canto Singing
Opera/ | Beautiful singing. emotinally moving. Loud voice.
37
Music nationalism
each nation's composers tend to use their own traditional flk songs, melodies, folk tales, dance styles, nationalistic. Nationalistic Music (romantic era still) • Application of the romantic spirit to the sovereign state • Greatest success in music, not in the visual arts • Music for the people of a particular nation • Czechoslovakia and Russia produced the most nationalistic music.
38
tone poems
-
39
leitmotif
a leading motif; a recurring them or idea in a literary, artistic,or musical work. What is a leitmotif? - each person has music - reminder of who each character is - everything had one in Vagner - music played specifically - tells things not verbally - music of specific charachter
40
wagner
-German composer, theater director, and conductor who was primarily known for his opera and music drama which were a culmination of Romantic opera and Geasamtkunstwerk
41
JL David
-Neo classical style. art under napoleon.
42
Delacroix
``` -• The foremost Romantic painter in France • Stressed vitality and sensous appeal • Paintings seem violent and unfinished • Works: o Liberty leading the people o Portrait of Fredric Chopin o Sultan of Morocco o The Entry of the Crusaders into Constantinople ```
43
Gericault
-• Influenced by Goya • The Raft of Medusa o French shipwreck o Engulfs the viewer
44
cole
-u.s painter. nature. born in england. rendering of detail based on close observation. perd eye pespective, dramatic sky contrast b/w human and nature.
45
beethoven
-Viennese Classical composer whose work and life revealed the tension between the Classical style of the past and the newly emerging Romantic tendencies in art. He enlarged the scope of Classical style and, in his later works, he transcended it, moving toward Romanticism
46
berlioz
-Berlioz • Master at orchestration • Purpose was to develop dramatic music on Shakespearian lines • Symphonie Fantastique • Developed form called "idée fixe"- musical theme that identifies a person or a dramatic event. • Did not believe in God Hector Berlioz French Romantic composer who made significant contributions to the modern orchestra and the development of Romanticism in music
47
liszt
-Hungarian composer/pianist who developed thematic transformation and the symphonic poem
48
characteristics of romantic style- how are they portrayed in painting and music.
emotional, exotic, nationalistic, folk elements, personal feelings, back to nature, neo gothic
49
what is the instrumentation of a romantic orchestra,
- double size ensemble. many inventions along with industrial revolution. like piano, harp, saxophone. - string-same but with metal strings. - woodwind-piccolo, flutes, oboes, english horn, clarinets, bassons, contra basson/ used extensively with many long solos. - brass- trumpets, hons, trombones, tuba./used much more for solos, duets, dramatic moments. / with valves, more for composers! - percussion-timpani, bass drum, cymbals, chimes, bells, triangles, gongs..
50
romantic symphonic tone poem
-one long movement with many different sections of different melodies, different speeds and different emotional moods. Tellling a sotry or a program.
51
what is program music
-Program Music Music that attempts to musically render an extra- musical narrative; It tells story or is intended as a "picture" of a landscape or some other scene • Instrumental music • Tells a story/paints a picture • Describes/characterized a non-musical subject without words o Title, remarks, other materials convey idea to performers/audience • Berlioz - Symphonie Fantastique - pioneer on symphony orchestra music
52
power of romantic opera
each country has in their own language. - often based on stories and history of their country or origins. Dealt with complex human stories with much emotional content. - Extremely popular entertainment. - today's opera like
53
baroque/ giovanni gaulli
triumph of the name of Jesus
54
Bernini
Baldacchino
55
Bernini
David
56
Caravaggio
the calling of saint Matthew
57
Gentileschi
Judith Decapitating Holofernes
58
Velazquez
the maid of honor
59
Rembrandt
The anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp
60
Rembrandt
the night watch
61
Vermeer/ baroque
Young woman with a water jug
62
fragonard
the swing
63
hogarth
breakfast scene
64
David
The oath of the horatii
65
Girodet Trioson
the entombment of atala
66
Goya
the third of may
67
Gericault
The raft of the medusa
68
Delacroix
the death of sardanapalus
69
contable
the hay wain

art history (8 decks)

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