WHAT ARE THE EVIDENCES FOR EVOLUTION ?

Question 1

What are fossils?

Answer 1

Remains of hard parts of life forms found in rocks.

Question 2

Different aged rock ________ contain fossils of different life forms who probably died during formation of the particular _____

Answer 2

sediments , sediment

Question 3

A study of fossils in different sedimentary layers indicates _____________

Answer 3

geological period in which they existed

Question 4

Fossils are called ____________ evidence

Answer 4

paleontological

Question 5

Embryological support for evolution was proposed by ___________

Answer 5

Ernst Heckel

Question 6

Embryological support was based on ____________

Answer 6

certain features during embryonic stage common to all vertebrates that are absent in adult

Question 7

Embryos of all vertebrates including humans develop ____________________ which is functional organ only in ____ and is not found in any other adult vertebrates.

Answer 7

a row of vestigial gill slit just behind head , fish

Question 8

Ernst Heckel’s proposal was disapproved on careful study performed by ___________

Answer 8

Karl Ernst von Baer

Question 9

Karl Ernst von Baeer noted that _______________

Answer 9

embryos never pass through adult stages of other animals

Question 10

Whales, bats, Cheetah and human(all mammals) share similarities in _____________

Answer 10

pattern of bones of forelimbs

Question 11

Forelimbs of these mammals have similar functions but different anatomical structure.

True/false

Answer 11

False

Different functions but similar anatomical structure

Question 12

Same structure develops along different directions due to adaptations to different needs - ____________ evolution, ________ structures

Answer 12

Divergent, homologous

Question 13

Homology indicates ____________ and is based on __________

Answer 13

common ancestry, divergent evolution

Question 14

Vertebrate ____________ or ________ are homologous

Answer 14

Heart, brain

Question 15

Eg. of homology in plants(1)

Answer 15

Thorns and tendrils of Bougainvillea and Cucurbita

Question 16

Analogous structures are anatomically similar and functionally different.

True/false

Answer 16

False

anatomically different, functionally similar

Question 17

Analogous structures are a result of __________

Answer 17

convergent evolution

Question 18

Eg. of analogous structures(3)

Answer 18

Wings of butterflies and of birds
Eyes of octopus and mammals
Flippers of penguins and dolphins

Question 19

________ has resulted in selection of similar adaptive features in different groups of organisms but towards the same function.

Answer 19

Similar habitat

Question 20

Example of analogy in plants(1)

Answer 20

Sweet potato(root modification) and potato(stem modification)

Question 21

Similarities in ________ and ____ performing a given function among diverse organsims give clues to common ancestry

Answer 21

proteins, genes

Biochemical similarties

Question 22

Intensive breeding programme has created breeds that differ from other breeds - eg. - ________ but are of the same group

Answer 22

Dogs

Question 23

The moth population change comes from _____________

Answer 23

England

Question 24

Before industrialisation, in 1850s, there were more ________ on trees than ______

Answer 24

white-winged moths , dark-winged moths/melanised moths

Question 25

After industrialisation, in 1920, why was the proportion reversed?

Answer 25

Predators will spot a moth against a contrasting background During industrialisation - tree trunks became dark due to industrial smoke and soots Before industrialisation - almost white-coloured lichen covered trees

Question 26

Lichens can be used as ____________ because __________

Answer 26

industrial pollution indicators, they will not grow in areas that are polluted

Question 27

In rural areas, where industrialisation did not occur , the count of ________ moths was low

Answer 27

melanic

Question 28

No variant is completely wiped out | True/false

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Use if herbiocides and pesticides has only resulted in selection of ____________

Answer 29

resistant varieties in a much lesser time scale

Question 30

The appearance of antibiotic/drug - resistant organisms/cells in a time scale of months or years and not centuries is an example of ___________

Answer 30

evolution by anthrapogenic action

Question 31

Evolutions is a directed process based on determinism. | True/false

Answer 31

False | Stochastic process based on events in nature and chance mutation in orgs