What’s in a medicine? Flashcards
(49 cards)
name the three types of alcohols
primary, secondary and tertiary
where is the -OH group attached in a primary alcohol
the carbon which carriers the OH group is attached to 1 alkyl group
what are primary alcohols oxidised to
aldehydes then to carboxylic acids
what are secondary alcohols oxidised to
ketones
why does ethanol dissolve in water?
hydrogen bonding between the ethanol and the water means the IMF’s are similar so the 2 molecules dissolve
where is the -OH group attached in a secondary alcohol?
it is attached to 2 alkyl groups directly
where is the -OH group attached in a tertiary alcohol?
it is attached to 3 alkyl groups directly
how are tertiary alcohols oxidised?
they cannot be
what is produced if an alcohol is dehydrated?
an alkene
how can alcohols be dehydrated?
- pass ethanol vapour over hot catalyst of Al2CO3
or - reflux ethanol with excess concentrated sulphuric acid @ 170°c
alcohol + carboxylic acid —>
ester and water
alcohol + acid anhydride —>
ester (and carboxylic acid)
how can alcohol make a haloalkane?
-OH on the alcohol can be swapped with a halogen
what else is produced when a haloalkane is?
water
what is an ether?
a structural isomer of an alcohol
name this ether - CH3 - CH2 - O - CH3
methoxyethane
give the 4 properties of acid anhydrides
•colourless
• strong acidic odour
•react with H2O
•dissolve in organic solvents
why do acid anhydrides have lower boiling points than carboxylic acids?
larger polar molecule
with dipole-dipole and ID-ID forces
but no H bonding
so bpt not high
what is a phenol?
a benzene ring with -OH groups attached
how do you test for phenols?
add iron (lll) chloride solution and shake. turns purple if phenol present
what happens when a phenol is in water?
it dissolves slightly to form a phenoxide ion and H+ ion
phenol + alkali —>
salt and H2O
why don’t phenols react with carbonate solutions?
they’re not strong enough bases to remove H+ ion from phenol
phenol + acid anhydride —>
ester and carboxylic acid
