Whitt

Question 1

Adenoviridae

1. genome structure
2. specific viruses
3. disease
4. vaccine
5. incubation period
6. disease duration

Answer 1

1. linear, dsDNA
2. adenovirus 40, 41
3. diarrhea in INFANTS and CHILDREN less than 4 years old
4. no
5. 1 week (long)
6. 8-12 days

Question 2

Astroviridae

1. genome structure
2. specific viruses
3. disease
4. vaccine
5. incubation period
6. disease duration

Answer 2

1. nonsegmented, ss pos. sense RNA
2. human astrovirus 1-8
3. gastroenteritis in CHILDREN less than 5, IMMUNOCOMPROMISED adults, ELDERLY
4. no
5. 1-4 days
6. 1-4 days

Question 3

Caliciviridae

1. genome structure
2. specific viruses
3. disease
4. vaccine
5. incubation period
6. disease duration

Answer 3

1. nonsegmented, ss pos. sense RNA
2. Norovirus
3. FOODBORNE, epidemic acute gastroenteritis; VOMITING disease
4. no
5. 12-24 hrs (short)
6. 1-3 days

Question 4

Picornaviridae

1. genome structure
2. specific viruses
3. disease
4. vaccine
5. incubation period
6. disease duration

Answer 4

1. nonsegmented, ss pos. sense RNA
2. Coxsackie virus, echovirus, enterovirus
3. many: gastrenteritis, MENINGITIS, PLEURODYNIA, HAND FOOT MOUTH disease
4. no (except polio)
5. 3-10 days
6. 5-10 days

Question 5

Reoviridae

1. genome structure
2. specific viruses
3. disease
4. vaccine
5. incubation period
6. disease duration

Answer 5

1. SEGMENTED ds RNA
2. Rotavirus
3. severe diarrheal disease of INFANTS and CHILDREN
4. yes
5. 1-3 days
6. 5-8 days

Question 6

What do all of these enteric viruses (Rotavirus, Norovirus, Picornaviridae, Adenovirus, Astrovirus) have in common?

Answer 6

non-enveloped: extremely stable in environment

icosahedral capsid (not sure about Norovirus and Adenovirus)

oral fecal route (aden: fecally contaminated water; noro: contaminated food/water)

Question 7

Most important cause of severe diarrheal illness in infants and young children worldwide

Answer 7

Rotavirus

Question 8

Which virus is segmented? What does this allow for?

Answer 8

Rotavirus
high antigenic diversity
11 G (VP7) and 12 P (VP4) serotypes

Question 9

What allows for Rotavirus vaccine?

Answer 9

only 4 G-P combinations cause 90% of disease

Question 10

Which virus has asymmetric transcription?

Answer 10

Rotavirus

Question 11

Reovirus (Rotavirus) replication

Answer 11

1. endocytosis of virus and delivered to late endosome or lysosome: capsid proteins proteolytically processed to generate infectious sub viral particle (can also occur outside cell during passage thru gut)
2. enzymes within core synthesize mRNAs: ASYMMETRIC transcription (make + RNA) and extrusion through capsid
3. CAPPED mRNA assembled into assortment complexes and serve as template for - RNA strand
4. assembly in CYTOPLASM
5. progeny released by cell LYSIS

Question 12

capped mRNA

Answer 12

Rotavirus

Question 13

Rotavirus vs. Norovirus

1. age
2. transmission
3. Sx
4. infect which cells
5. are AC and cAMP stimulated (like in V. cholera)
6. when are Ab acquired
7. immunity/vaccine
8. prevention

Answer 13

1. Rota: YOUNG; Noro: COMMUNITY
2. both fecal oral; Noro contaminated food/water: shellfish, cake frosting, salad, CRUISE SHIP
3. N/V, diarrhea, fever, dehydration
4. villi of small intestine: loss of cells lining small/large intestine: FUNCTIONAL ALTERATION in small intestine epithelial cells: impaired glucose coupled Na transport
5. no
6. rota: early in life; nor: gradually and steadily increase over lifetime
7. rota: vaccine (only 4 serotypes causes illness; noro: not long lasting due to antigenic drift
8. rota: vaccine; noro: handwashing, disinfection of contaminated surfaces, proper food prep

Question 14

Why are there fewer deaths but not fewer rotavirus infections in the US compared to worldwide deaths?

Answer 14

availability of effective fluid and electrolyte replacement

Question 15

RotaTeq

Answer 15

oral: 2, 4, 6 mo.
Rotavirus vaccine
pentavalent bovine-human reassortant viruses
G1-4, P8
live, attenuated

Question 16

Rotarix

Answer 16

oral: 2 doses starting at 6 weeks
Rotavirus vaccine
monovalent: human derived
live, attenuated

Question 17

Star-like appearance on EM

Answer 17

astrovirus

Question 18

second most common cause of childhood diarrhea and infants less than 1 yr

Answer 18

Astrovirus

Question 19

winter diarrhea

Answer 19

astrovirus

Question 20

poliovirus disease

Answer 20

flaccid paralysis

Question 21

coxsackie virus disease

Answer 21

hand, foot, mouth disease
meningoencephalitis
diarrhea
muscle pain
inflammation of myocardium and pericardium

Question 22

echovirus and other enteroviruses

Answer 22

mild gastroenteritis

Question 23

Hepatitis A

Answer 23

enterovirus-like picornavirus

Question 24

How are enteroviruses differentiated from rhinovirus?

Answer 24

acid stable

replicate at 37 C

Question 25

humans are only known reservoir

Answer 25

enteroviruses

Question 26

Where do enteroviruses initially replicate?

Answer 26

lymphoid tissue of upper respiratory tract and the gut | can isolate in throat swab

Question 27

Viremia of enterovirus infects what organs

Answer 27

spinal cord, brain meninges myocardium skin

Question 28

Why is there no vaccines for enteroviruses (besides for polio)?

Answer 28

too many serotypes and many infections are asymptomatic