Wide Area Networking

Question 1

WAN Technologies & Concepts
1. Which of the following is a characteristic of a WAN?
A) Connects devices within a single building
B) Operates at higher speeds than LANs
C) Spans large geographical areas
D) Uses only wireless technologies

Answer 1

Answer: C

Question 2

Which WAN technology uses virtual circuits for data transmission?
A) DSL
B) Frame Relay
C) Ethernet
D) WiMAX

Answer 2

Answer: B

Question 3

What is the primary purpose of a WAN?
A) To connect devices in a local area
B) To provide high-speed internet to home users
C) To interconnect geographically separated networks
D) To replace LANs entirely

Answer 3

Answer: C

Question 4

Which WAN connection type provides the highest bandwidth?
A) Leased line (T1/E1)
B) DSL
C) Fiber-optic Metro Ethernet
D) Dial-up

Answer 4

Answer: C

Question 5

Which WAN technology uses packet switching?
A) ISDN
B) MPLS
C) PSTN
D) Leased line

Answer 5

Answer: B

Question 6

Which of the following is a dedicated point-to-point WAN connection?
A) DSL
B) Leased line (T1/E1)
C) Cable broadband
D) Satellite

Answer 6

Answer: B

Question 7

Which WAN technology is commonly used for broadband internet over telephone lines?
A) Frame Relay
B) DSL
C) MPLS
D) ATM

Answer 7

Answer: B

Question 8

What is the main advantage of a leased line?
A) Low cost
B) Shared bandwidth
C) Guaranteed bandwidth
D) Wireless connectivity

Answer 8

Answer: C

Question 9

Which WAN connection type is typically asymmetrical (faster download than upload)?
A) T1 line
B) DSL
C) MPLS
D) OC-3

Answer 9

Answer: B

Question 10

Which WAN technology is commonly used for backup connections due to its availability?
A) Dial-up
B) Leased line
C) Metro Ethernet
D) MPLS

Answer 10

Answer: A

Question 11

WAN Protocols & Encapsulation
11. Which protocol is used for encapsulating PPP frames over Ethernet networks?
A) HDLC
B) PPTP
C) PPPoE
D) L2TP

Answer 11

Answer: C

Question 12

Which WAN encapsulation protocol is Cisco proprietary?
A) PPP
B) HDLC
C) Frame Relay
D) ATM

Answer 12

Answer: B

Question 13

Which protocol supports authentication, multilink connections, and error detection in WANs?
A) HDLC
B) PPP
C) Frame Relay
D) MPLS

Answer 13

Answer: B

Question 14

What is the default encapsulation on a Cisco serial interface?
A) PPP
B) HDLC
C) Frame Relay
D) ATM

Answer 14

Answer: B

Question 15

Which WAN protocol uses DLCIs for addressing?
A) PPP
B) HDLC
C) Frame Relay
D) MPLS

Answer 15

Answer: C

Question 16

Which VPN type provides site-to-site secure connectivity?
A) Remote-access VPN
B) SSL VPN
C) IPsec VPN
D) PPTP VPN

Answer 16

Answer: C

Question 17

Which protocol is commonly used for secure remote-access VPNs?
A) IPsec
B) SSL/TLS
C) L2TP
D) GRE

Answer 17

Answer: B

Question 18

What is the purpose of GRE in WAN networks?
A) Encrypting traffic
B) Tunneling non-IP protocols over IP
C) Providing authentication
D) Assigning IP addresses

Answer 18

Answer: B

Question 19

Which VPN technology operates at Layer 2 of the OSI model?
A) IPsec
B) SSL VPN
C) L2TP
D) PPTP

Answer 19

Answer: C

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a VPN protocol?
A) IPsec
B) GRE
C) HDLC
D) PPTP

Answer 20

Answer: C

Question 21

What is the primary benefit of MPLS?
A) Low latency and efficient routing
B) Wireless connectivity
C) Free public IP addresses
D) No need for routers

Answer 21

Answer: A

Question 22

Which WAN technology is commonly used by ISPs to provide Ethernet-based services?
A) DSL
B) Metro Ethernet
C) Frame Relay
D) ATM

Answer 22

Answer: B

Question 23

Which of the following is a Layer 2 WAN technology?
A) MPLS
B) IPsec
C) BGP
D) OSPF

Answer 23

Answer: A

Question 24

What does MPLS stand for?
A) Multi-Protocol Label Switching
B) Multi-Path Link State
C) Metro Packet Label System
D) Multi-Port LAN Switching

Answer 24

Answer: A

Question 25

Which WAN technology is often used as an alternative to traditional leased lines? A) Dial-up B) MPLS C) ISDN D) ATM

Answer 25

Answer: B

Question 26

Which device connects a LAN to a WAN? A) Switch B) Router C) Hub D) Access point

Answer 26

Answer: B

Question 27

What is the function of a CSU/DSU in a WAN connection? A) Encrypts data B) Converts LAN frames to WAN frames C) Provides wireless connectivity D) Acts as a VPN concentrator

Answer 27

Answer: B

Question 28

Which device is used to terminate a digital leased line? A) Modem B) CSU/DSU C) Switch D) Firewall

Answer 28

Answer: B

Question 29

In a WAN setup, which device is typically owned by the service provider? A) Router B) CSU/DSU C) Switch D) Access point

Answer 29

Answer: B

Question 30

Which device is used to connect analog phone lines to a router for dial-up WAN connections? A) CSU/DSU B) Modem C) Switch D) Firewall

Answer 30

Answer: B

Question 31

What is a DLCI used for in Frame Relay? A) Encrypting data B) Identifying virtual circuits C) Assigning IP addresses D) Authenticating users

Answer 31

Answer: B

Question 32

Which WAN topology connects multiple sites in a star configuration? A) Full mesh B) Hub-and-spoke C) Point-to-point D) Ring

Answer 32

Answer: B

Question 33

Which WAN topology provides the highest redundancy? A) Hub-and-spoke B) Partial mesh C) Full mesh D) Point-to-point

Answer 33

Answer: C

Question 34

In Frame Relay, what does LMI stand for? A) Local Management Interface B) Label Multiplexing Identifier C) Layer 2 MAC Identifier D) Logical Multipath Interface

Answer 34

Answer: A

Question 35

Which WAN addressing method is used in ATM networks? A) DLCI B) VPI/VCI C) IP address D) MAC address

Answer 35

Answer: B

Question 36

Which QoS mechanism prioritizes delay-sensitive traffic like VoIP? A) FIFO B) PQ (Priority Queuing) C) Best-effort D) Round-robin

Answer 36

Answer: B

Question 37

What is the purpose of QoS in WAN networks? A) Increase bandwidth B) Prioritize critical traffic C) Encrypt data D) Assign IP addresses

Answer 37

Answer: B

Question 38

Which QoS technique reserves bandwidth for specific applications? A) Traffic shaping B) FIFO queuing C) Best-effort D) CBWFQ

Answer 38

Answer: D

Question 39

Which WAN performance metric refers to the time taken for a packet to travel from source to destination? A) Jitter B) Latency C) Bandwidth D) Throughput

Answer 39

Answer: B

Question 40

What is jitter in WAN networks? A) Variation in packet delay B) Total bandwidth available C) Packet loss percentage D) Encryption strength

Answer 40

Answer: A

Question 41

Which security measure encrypts WAN traffic between sites? A) NAT B) IPsec C) STP D) CDP

Answer 41

Answer: B

Question 42

Which attack floods a WAN link with excessive traffic? A) DDoS B) VLAN hopping C) ARP spoofing D) MAC flooding

Answer 42

Answer: A

Question 43

Which protocol is vulnerable to eavesdropping if not encrypted? A) SSH B) Telnet C) IPsec D) HTTPS

Answer 43

Answer: B

Question 44

What is the purpose of a firewall in a WAN setup? A) Increase bandwidth B) Filter malicious traffic C) Assign IP addresses D) Route packets faster

Answer 44

Answer: B

Question 45

Which VPN protocol provides both encryption and authentication? A) GRE B) PPTP C) IPsec D) L2F

Answer 45

Answer: C

Question 46

Which command checks the status of a serial interface on a Cisco router? A) show ip interface brief B) show running-config C) ping D) traceroute

Answer 46

Answer: A

Question 47

What does a "line protocol down" status indicate? A) Physical layer issue B) Layer 2 encapsulation mismatch C) IP address conflict D) Routing loop

Answer 47

Answer: B

Question 48

Which tool measures WAN latency and packet loss? A) SNMP B) Ping C) NetFlow D) Syslog

Answer 48

Answer: B

Question 49

Which WAN issue causes intermittent connectivity? A) Incorrect IP address B) Faulty CSU/DSU C) Duplex mismatch D) Routing loop

Answer 49

Answer: B

Question 50

What is the first step in troubleshooting a WAN connection? A) Reboot the router B) Check physical connections C) Update firmware D) Change the IP address

Answer 50

Answer: B

Question 51

Which WAN technology uses cell switching with fixed-length 53-byte cells? A) Frame Relay B) ATM C) MPLS D) Metro Ethernet

Answer 51

Answer: B

Question 52

What is the primary advantage of SD-WAN over traditional WAN? A) Uses dedicated leased lines B) Dynamically routes traffic over multiple paths C) Requires manual configuration for each branch D) Only works with MPLS

Answer 52

Answer: B

Question 53

Which protocol is used for dynamic address assignment in PPP? A) IPCP B) LCP C) CHAP D) PAP

Answer 53

Answer: A

Question 54

Which WAN technology is commonly used for last-mile broadband connectivity? A) OC-192 B) DSL C) T3 D) ISDN

Answer 54

Answer: B

Question 55

What is the maximum speed of a T1 line? A) 1.544 Mbps B) 2.048 Mbps C) 44.736 Mbps D) 155 Mbps

Answer 55

Answer: A

Question 56

Which protocol provides automatic failover in a dual-homed WAN setup? A) HSRP B) VRRP C) GLBP D) BFD

Answer 56

Answer: A

Question 57

What is the purpose of a floating static route in WAN networks? A) Provides a backup path with a higher AD B) Ensures load balancing C) Encrypts traffic D) Assigns IP addresses

Answer 57

Answer: A

Question 58

Which WAN redundancy method uses two ISPs with BGP? A) Multihoming B) Dial backup C) MPLS D) Leased line

Answer 58

Answer: A

Question 59

What does BFD stand for in WAN failover? A) Bidirectional Forwarding Detection B) Best-Fit Distribution C) Broadband Failover Detection D) Backup Fast Deployment

Answer 59

Answer: A

Question 60

Which WAN backup method uses a secondary link only when the primary fails? A) Load balancing B) Dial-on-demand routing (DDR) C) MPLS D) GRE tunneling

Answer 60

Answer: B

Question 61

Which encryption protocol is used by IPsec VPNs? A) AES B) CHAP C) PPP D) HDLC

Answer 61

Answer: A

Question 62

What is the purpose of IKE in IPsec VPNs? A) Encrypts data B) Establishes secure key exchange C) Assigns IP addresses D) Routes traffic

Answer 62

Answer: B

Question 63

Which VPN type does not provide encryption by default? A) IPsec B) SSL VPN C) GRE D) L2TP

Answer 63

Answer: C

Question 64

Which authentication protocol is used with PPP for secure logins? A) PAP B) CHAP C) HDLC D) LCP

Answer 64

Answer: B

Question 65

What is the main security risk of using PAP in PPP? A) No encryption B) Weak authentication C) No error detection D) Slow performance

Answer 65

Answer: B

Question 66

If a PPP link fails to establish, what should you check first? A) IP addressing B) Authentication settings C) Routing protocol D) Firewall rules

Answer 66

Answer: B

Question 67

Which command displays Frame Relay PVC status on a Cisco router? A) show frame-relay pvc B) show ip interface brief C) show running-config D) ping

Answer 67

Answer: A

Question 68

What does a "deleted" status in Frame Relay indicate? A) The PVC is active B) The DLCI is unused C) The link is down D) The router is misconfigured

Answer 68

Answer: B

Question 69

Which WAN issue is caused by mismatched MTU sizes? A) Slow performance B) Packet fragmentation C) No connectivity D) IP conflict

Answer 69

Answer: B

Question 70

What is the default keepalive interval for PPP on Cisco routers? A) 10 seconds B) 30 seconds C) 60 seconds D) 120 seconds

Answer 70

Answer: A

Question 71

Which technology reduces WAN bandwidth usage by caching frequently accessed data? A) QoS B) WAN acceleration C) Traffic shaping D) Load balancing

Answer 71

Answer: B

Question 72

What is the purpose of TCP window scaling in WAN optimization? A) Increases throughput for high-latency links B) Encrypts traffic C) Assigns IP addresses D) Prioritizes VoIP traffic

Answer 72

Answer: A

Question 73

Which technique prevents small packets from causing delays in VoIP traffic? A) Traffic shaping B) FIFO queuing C) LFI (Link Fragmentation and Interleaving) D) NAT

Answer 73

Answer: C

Question 74

What does NetFlow analyze in WAN networks? A) Packet payloads B) Traffic patterns and bandwidth usage C) Encryption keys D) Routing tables

Answer 74

Answer: B

Question 75

Which QoS marking operates at Layer 3? A) 802.1p B) DSCP C) VLAN ID D) MAC address

Answer 75

Answer: B

Question 76

What is a key benefit of SD-WAN? A) Uses only MPLS B) Reduces cost by leveraging multiple connection types C) Requires manual configuration D) Slower than traditional WAN

Answer 76

Answer: B

Question 77

Which WAN technology is often used with 5G networks? A) DSL B) MPLS C) Wireless WAN (WWAN) D) Frame Relay

Answer 77

Answer: C

Question 78

What does DMVPN stand for? A) Dynamic Multipoint VPN B) Dedicated MPLS VPN C) Dual-Mode Virtual Private Network D) Direct Metro VPN

Answer 78

Answer: A

Question 79

Which protocol is used in DMVPN for dynamic tunneling? A) GRE B) IPsec C) NHRP D) BGP

Answer 79

Answer: C

Question 80

Which technology allows cloud-based WAN management? A) SD-WAN B) MPLS C) Frame Relay D) ATM

Answer 80

Answer: A

Question 81

What is a key consideration when designing a WAN? A) Using only wireless links B) Minimizing latency and cost C) Ignoring security D) Avoiding redundancy

Answer 81

Answer: B

Question 82

Which WAN topology is best for a company with a central HQ and remote branches? A) Full mesh B) Hub-and-spoke C) Point-to-point D) Ring

Answer 82

Answer: B

Question 83

What is the purpose of a CIR in Frame Relay? A) Guarantees minimum bandwidth B) Encrypts traffic C) Assigns IP addresses D) Routes packets

Answer 83

Answer: A

Question 84

Which WAN technology is best for real-time applications like VoIP? A) Dial-up B) MPLS C) ISDN D) ATM

Answer 84

Answer: B

Question 85

What is the first step in implementing a WAN connection? A) Configure routing B) Choose a WAN service provider C) Enable QoS D) Set up a VPN

Answer 85

Answer: B

Question 86

Which PPP subprotocol negotiates authentication? A) LCP B) NCP C) IPCP D) CHAP

Answer 86

Answer: A

Question 87

What is the role of NCP in PPP? A) Establishes the link B) Negotiates Layer 3 protocols C) Encrypts data D) Assigns DLCIs

Answer 87

Answer: B

Question 88

Which Frame Relay feature helps manage congestion? A) DLCI B) BECN/FECN C) LMI D) CIR

Answer 88

Answer: B

Question 89

What is the purpose of LMI in Frame Relay? A) Encrypts data B) Manages PVC status C) Assigns IP addresses D) Routes traffic

Answer 89

Answer: B

Question 90

Which ATM adaptation layer is used for voice traffic? A) AAL1 B) AAL2 C) AAL5 D) AAL3/4

Answer 90

Answer: A

Question 91

A router’s serial interface is up, but line protocol is down. What is the likely issue? A) No IP address B) Encapsulation mismatch C) Routing loop D) Duplex mismatch

Answer 91

Answer: B

Question 92

Users report slow WAN performance. What should you check first? A) CPU usage on the router B) Bandwidth utilization C) Firewall logs D) DNS settings

Answer 92

Answer: B

Question 93

A Frame Relay PVC is inactive. What could be the cause? A) DLCI mismatch B) IP conflict C) Wrong subnet mask D) Duplex mismatch

Answer 93

Answer: A

Question 94

A PPP link fails to authenticate. What should you verify? A) Username/password B) IP address C) Routing protocol D) MTU size

Answer 94

Answer: A

Question 95

A leased line has high latency. What could be the issue? A) ISP congestion B) Wrong VLAN C) Duplex mismatch D) Incorrect subnet

Answer 95

Answer: A

Question 96

Which WAN technology is considered obsolete today? A) MPLS B) ISDN C) SD-WAN D) Metro Ethernet

Answer 96

Answer: B

Question 97

What is the primary benefit of a site-to-site VPN? A) Secure connectivity between offices B) Faster than MPLS C) No encryption needed D) Uses dial-up

Answer 97

Answer: A

Question 98

Which WAN connection type is always on? A) Dial-up B) Leased line C) ISDN D) DSL

Answer 98

Answer: B

Question 99

Which protocol is used for dynamic routing over WANs? A) OSPF B) ARP C) STP D) CDP

Answer 99

Answer: A

Question 100

What is the future trend in WAN technology? A) More leased lines B) Increased use of SD-WAN C) Dial-up resurgence D) Frame Relay modernization

Answer 100

Answer: B