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Endo/Repro: Week 6 > Witrak: Breast Diseases > Flashcards

Witrak: Breast Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

functional unit of breast

A

TDLU

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2
Q

layers of epithelium that line lobules and ducts

A
  1. luminal cell layer> milk production

2. myoepithelial layer> contractile fxn propels milk to nipple

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3
Q

hormones that affect breast tissue

A

estrogen and progesterone

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4
Q

happens to breast tissue during pregnancy

A

hyperplasia

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5
Q

bacterial infection of the breast that is usually caused by S. AUREUS and is assoc w/ breast feeding (micro-org enters through fissure)

A

acute mastitis

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6
Q

erythematous breast w/ purulent nipple discharge that can progress to abscess

A

acute mastitis

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7
Q

tx for acute masttis

A

drainage (continue feeding)

DICLOXACILLIN (can continue breast feeding while on this Abx)

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8
Q

breast tissue w/ NECROTIC fat, calcificaitons and GIANT CELLS

A

Fat necrosis d/t trauma

*see abnormal calcifications on mammography

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9
Q

MC benign neoplasm of BREAST

seen in women <35 (PRE-MW)

A

Fibroadenoma

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10
Q

tumor of fibrous tissue and glands

ESTROGEN sensitive> painful during menstruation and grows / preg

A

fibroadenoma

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11
Q

small
well circumscribed
mobile
firm mass

A

fibroadenoma

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12
Q

bloody nipple discharge

A

intraductal paipilloma

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13
Q

papillary growth in LARGE duct made up of TWO cell layers
beneath areola
in PRE-MW

A

intraductal papilloma

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14
Q

can intraductal papilloma increase your risk of carcinoma?

A

yes!

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15
Q

it’s impt to distinguish intraductal papilloma from…

A

papillary carcinoma

DOES NOT have myoepithelial layer

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16
Q

overgrowth of fibrous component of breast tissue that leads to “leaf like” projections

occurs in POST-MW

A

phyllodes tumor

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17
Q

can a phyllodes tumor become malignant?

A

YES

greater chance of this since it occurs in POST MW

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18
Q

MC cancer in women in US

and 2nd MCC of cancer motrality in women

A

breast cancer

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19
Q

breast cancer MC affects

A

POST MW

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20
Q

is it possible to have DCIS and fibrocystic changes at the same time in malignant breast tumors?

A

YES!

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21
Q

most important prognostic factor for malignant breast tumor

A

axillary LN involvement–>indicates metastases

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22
Q

MC location of breast cancer

A

upper OUTER quadrant

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23
Q

medial metastases of cancer goes to what LNs

A

INTRAthoracic LN chain

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24
Q

breast cancer likes to metastasize to…

A

bone
lung
skin
CNS

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25
1st degree relative w/ breast cancer | maternal and paternal family hx
both are RF for breast canacer
26
malignant proliferation of DUCT cells w/ NO INVASION of BM
DCIS
27
what does DCIS arise from and what is often seen on mammography?
ductal atypia> malignant proliferation of duct cells> DCIS microcalcifications
28
Does DCIS usually produce a mass?
NOOOO
29
2 subtypes of DCIS
comedocarcinoma | paget disease
30
ductal atypia> CENTRAL calcification of dead cells> ductal CASEOUS NECROSIS
comedocarcinoma
31
underlying DCIS that spreads to involve the skin of the nipple
Paget disease
32
eczematous patches on nipple
paget disease
33
large clear cells in epidermis w/ CLEAR halo
Paget disease
34
MC type of invasive carcinoma in the breast
ICIS
35
peau d' orange
inflammatory IDCIS> POOR prognosis
36
fleshy cellular IDCIS
Medullary | GOOD prognosis
37
``` firm fibrous rock hard mass sharp margins + small, glandular, duct like cells ```
Invasive DCIS
38
stellate infiltration
IDCIS
39
malignant proliferation of cells in LOBULES w/ NO invasion of BM
LCIS
40
dyscohesive cells that lack E Cadherin adhesion proprotein
LCIS
41
often forms bilaterally multiple lesions int eh SMAE location does NOT produce a mass or calcifications
LCIS
42
tx for LCIS
tamoxifen
43
orderly row of "indian file cells" d/t decrased cadherin expression bilateral multiple
Invasive lobular carcionoma
44
90% of the time a lump is...
benign
45
clinically can detect lumps
>2 cm
46
mammographically dectect masses
<1 cm
47
results in dimpling of skin/retraction
advanced tumors
48
detects cancers MUCH earlier than palpation
Mammogarphy
49
recommended for HIGH risk women
MRI
50
why is it more difficult to screen young women w/ mammography
increase in fibrous stroma
51
gold standard dx for breast cancer that defines the EXACT NATURE of abnormality (palpable/mammorgaram)
OPEN SURGICAL BIOPSY
52
current standard 1st Bx procedure
sterotactic needle core bresat biopsy
53
used to confirm clinically benign cyst or obvious cancer
FNA
54
tx for DCIS
lumpectomy | +/- radiation
55
can lead to lymphadema nad increase risk of angiosarcoma
removing axillary LN
56
tumor < 2 cm | AN negative
stage I
57
tumor >2cm OR + but IPSILATERAL mobile axillary nodes
stage II
58
extensive axillary nodal disease supraclavicular node involvement inflammatory breast cancer
stage III
59
metastatic breast cancer
stage IV
60
in the past was only used for advanced/recurrent cancer, or pts w/ distant mets NOW used for in situ, early invasive in conjunction w/ lumpectomy
radiation
61
herceptin
targets overexpressing Her 2 neu recetpors *oncogene targeting therapy
62
why is early detection of BC crucial
>1cm have high likelihood of CURE
63
why don't we do masectomies much anymore
lumpectomy alone has basically the SAME results as a total masectomy
64
asssoc w/ male breast cancer: | subareolar mass + nipple discharge
BRCA2 mut | klinefelter syndrome

Endo/Repro: Week 6 (8 decks)

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