wk 1-2

Question 1

metals

Answer 1

elements naturally present in earth’s crust

Question 2

alloy

Answer 2

a metal made by combining 2 or more
metallic elements

Question 3

steels

Answer 3

alloy made from iron metal by adding
varying amounts of others element such as carbon, chromium, nickel, etc

Question 4

corrosion

Answer 4

deterioration of a metal

Question 5

rust

Answer 5

compound formed when iron is exposed to oxygen and water over time. Causes metal to break down & become weak. Also called iron oxide

Question 6

chrome

Answer 6

coating applied to steel “chrome plating”
* Less expensive than stainless steel
* Used for outpatient treatments, minor procedures, and on far

Question 7

stainless steel

Answer 7

metal alloy made up of chromium & nickel
* Resists staining, corrosion and rust
* More commonly used than chrome plated instruments
* More expensive
* nickel and chromium
* thin layer of chromium oxide to thicken with age
*

Question 8

tungsten carbide

Answer 8

• Strong, durable metal
• Recognized by gold-colored handles
• Inner jaws of needle holders called “inserts”
• Cutting edge of scissors
• Strengthens surfaces & retains sharp edge
• When these inserts wear out can be replaced. Do not have to replace entire instrument

Question 9

cleaning instruments after use

Answer 9

• Use toothbrush
• Cool water +/- detergent

Question 10

ultrasonic cleaner

Answer 10

High frequency sound waves
are converted to mechanical
vibrations.
* Causes microscopic bubbles
to form on every surface 
bubbles explode  creating
minute vacuums which draw
out the tiniest particles of
debris

Question 11

surgical milk

Answer 11

1. Lubricates
2. Help to prevent rust
   * Mix surgical milk with water
   * Soak instruments for short time (30 sec)
   * Do not rinse
   * Instruments must be dry before autoclaving.

Question 12

before sterilizing

Answer 12

• Dry thoroughly prior to autoclaving.
• Inspect instruments after each use and before sterilization for
  damage and proper function.
• Focus on box locks and ratchets of instruments.
• Replace/repair as needed

Question 13

causes for corrosion

Answer 13

• Excessive moisture on instruments prior to autoclaving
• Too short autoclave drying time
• Hard water

Question 14

causes for rust

Answer 14

• Excessive moisture
• Sterilizing stainless steel and imperfectly chrome-plated
  instruments in same pack.
• Rust cannot be rinsed off.

Question 15

importance of sterilization

Answer 15

Control microorganisms and pathogens
* Protects patients
* Protects staff
* Promotes healing & wellness
* Improper sanitation  can lead to increased risk of contamination

Question 16

clean

Answer 16

The physical removal of organic or inorganic soils and microbial contaminants

Question 17

sanitize

Answer 17

Removal of infectious material and pathogens

Question 18

contamination

Answer 18

Process by which something is rendered unclean or unsterile

Question 19

asepsis

Answer 19

Absence of pathogenic microorganisms; disease producing

Question 20

sterile

Answer 20

Absence of all living microorganisms including spores

Question 21

disinfectant

Answer 21

Substance that inhibits or prevents the
growth of microbes on an inanimate object

Question 22

antiseptic

Answer 22

Substance that inhibits or prevents the growth of microbes on living tissue

Question 23

bacteriostatic

Answer 23

Agents that prevents the growth of bacteria.
* Benzyl alcohol
* Preservative in liquids you don’t want bacteria to grow i

Question 24

bacteriocidal

Answer 24

Substance that destroys or kills bacteria.
* Iodine, Chlorhexidine
* Surgical scrubs

Question 25

factors that impact the control of contamination

Answer 25

* Time * Temperature * Concentration & Preparation * Organisms * Surface * Organic debris * Method of Application

Question 26

guidlines for sterilization

Answer 26

* All materials must be properly cleaned before sterilization * All material must be properly wrapped * All materials must be properly positioned in the sterilizer to allow contact of all surfaces * All materials must be allowed to dry before removing.

Question 27

sterilization methods

Answer 27

* Autoclaving * Flashing * Boiling * Dry Heat * Gas * Radiation * Cold Disinfecting

Question 28

autoclaving mode of action

Answer 28

* Heat – killing agent denatures microbial protein * Steam – that supplies the heat & promotes penetration of the heat * Pressure – creates adequately heated steam

Question 29

factors for successful autoclaving

Answer 29

temp time pressure

Question 30

advantages of autoclaving

Answer 30

* Economical * Consistent * Safe

Question 31

disadvantages of autoclaving

Answer 31

* Will dull sharp instruments * Need pressurized equipment * Can scorch fabric if too dry * May leave packs wet-moisture will damage instruments

Question 32

process of using autoclave

Answer 32

1. Fill reservoir with distilled water. 2. Turn knob to fill chamber with water. 3. Loosely load with items to be autoclaved. 4. Make sure red needle is on 0 psi 5. Start heat cycle (Set heat & pressure, time) 6. When timer goes off turn knob to exhaust/dry (Allows steam to vent, forcing water from chamber back into reservoir-aids drying; Also check that temp & pressure reached correct level) 7. When pressure = 0 psi, door is opened a bit to allow additional steam to escape. 8. Set timer for dry with door slightly open

Question 33

flash autoclave

Answer 33

one item; 4 minutes

Question 34

antiseptics

Answer 34

Chlorhexidine gluconate Iodophors Avagard

Question 35

disinfectants

Answer 35

alcohols Roccal-D Decon-Quat

Question 36

scrub

Answer 36

first step; thicker consistency; creates suds (mixed with detergent)

Question 37

solution

Answer 37

second step; thinner consistency

Question 38

properties of ideal wrapping material

Answer 38

* It should be an excellent barrier against microbes * It should allows steam to penetrate deep into pack * It should be easy to handle * It should resists tearing * It should be inexpensive

Question 39

wrapping materials

Answer 39

paper, cloth, plastic

Question 40

4 basic groups of packs

Answer 40

* Gown and towel packs * Glove packs * Standard instrument packs * Special instrument packs

Question 41

pack preparation

Answer 41

* Materials are placed in the pack in the order of their projected use. * Leave some room for steam circulation within the pack. * Materials used first are placed on top. * Drapes * Towel clamps * A sterilization indicator strip is placed within pack to indicate proper sterilization has occurred. * Indicators are placed in the center of the pack. * Color will fully move across the indicator after proper temperature is reached - +/- time * We will place 2 strips in our instrument packs

Question 42

pack sterilization failure

Answer 42

* Packed too tightly or that are improperly loaded in the autoclave. * Malfunctioning equipment * Insufficient temperature and pressure. * Exposure time in autoclave too short.