WK 3 L1 and L2

Question 1

Central nervous system

Answer 1

Brain, spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

nerves

Question 3

Afferent nerves

Answer 3

carry info from our senses, eyes ears and hands to the Central nervous system

Question 4

Efferent nerves

Answer 4

carry info away from the Central nervous system to muscles and glands

Question 5

Sensory neurons

Answer 5

process info from our outside world

Question 6

Motor neurons

Answer 6

send info to our muscles and organs

Question 7

Interneurons

Answer 7

Connect sensory, motor and other interneurons

Question 8

Support cells/glials

Answer 8

Digest dead cells and provide nutrients for new ones

Question 9

2 types of Glials

Answer 9

Astrocyte and Oligodendrocyte

Question 10

Resting potential

Answer 10

Difference in charge between inside and outside of a neuron’s cell

Question 11

Graded potentials

Answer 11

Electrical signals that either increase or decrease polarisation of the membrane

Question 12

Excitatory

Answer 12

inside becomes more positive

Question 13

inhibitory

Answer 13

inside becomes more negative

Question 14

synapse

Answer 14

gap between neighbouring neuron’s

Question 15

Action potential

Answer 15

an electric signal conducted down the axon to the synapse

Question 16

Myelin sheath

Answer 16

Insulating layer surrounding the Axon Hillock

Question 17

Saltatory conduction

Answer 17

Makes an action potential faster with neurone jumping between nodes of ranvier

Question 18

Node of ranvier

Answer 18

break points between myelin sheath

Question 19

Presynaptic

Answer 19

neutron carrying message

Question 20

Postsynaptic

Answer 20

neuron receiving message

Question 21

Glutamate

Answer 21

excitatory NT

Question 22

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Answer 22

inhibitory NT

Question 23

Acetylcholine

Answer 23

voluntary motor control, attention, learning, sleeping, dreaming, memory

Question 24

Dopamine

Answer 24

emotional arousal, pleasure reward and voluntary movement

Question 25

Serotonin

Answer 25

sleep/wakefulness, aggression, pain and mood regulation

Question 26

endorphins

Answer 26

dulls pain and elevates mood

Question 27

Somatic NS

Answer 27

Part of peripheral NS, involved in voluntary and involuntary actions

Question 28

Autonomic NS

Answer 28

Part of peripheral NS, conveys info to and from the internal body structures that support basic life functions

Question 29

Sympathetic

Answer 29

Component of Autonomic NS, responds to emergency, stops digestion and increases heart rate

Question 30

Parasympathetic

Answer 30

Involved in routine activities, regulates blood sugar and heart rate

Question 31

Reflexes

Answer 31

Part of CNS, rapid automatic motor responses to sensory info

Question 32

EEG

Answer 32

Electroencephalography- Records electrical activity of many neuron's

Question 33

MRI

Answer 33

Magnetic resonance imaging- studies brain anatomy

Question 34

FMRI

Answer 34

functional magnetic resonance imaging- studies brain function

Question 35

TMS

Answer 35

Transcranial magnetic simulation- Creates magnetic field and interrupts brain processing

Question 36

Hindbrain

Answer 36

controls basic functions of life e.g respiration, heart rate

Question 37

Midbrain

Answer 37

Help orient us in the environment- regulates sleep and wakelfulness

Question 38

Forebrain

Answer 38

The part that does the most cognition

Question 39

Thalamus

Answer 39

Processes sensory information and sends it to different regions of the brain

Question 40

Hypothalamus

Answer 40

responsible for fleeing, fighting, feeding and fucking

Question 41

Amygdala

Answer 41

Responsible for emotional processing

Question 42

Limbic system

Answer 42

Hypothalamus, amygdala and hippocampus- help process motivation, emotion, learning and memory

Question 43

Hippocampus

Answer 43

creating and retrieving long term memories

Question 44

Basal ganglia

Answer 44

putamen, caudate nucleus and global pallidus- important for intentional movement

Question 45

Gyrus

Answer 45

bumps/ridges in the wrinkles of our brain

Question 46

Sulcus

Answer 46

grooves in the wrinkle of our brain

Question 47

Lobes of the cerebral cortex

Answer 47

frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobe

Question 48

Primary areas

Answer 48

process raw sensory info and movement

Question 49

association areas

Answer 49

involved in more complex mental processes

Question 50

lateralisation

Answer 50

2 sides of the brain split into cerebral hemispheres

Question 51

Corpus callosum

Answer 51

connecting both sides of the brain for information crossover

Question 52

neuroplasticity

Answer 52

the brain is plastic which means it can change and rewire itself

Question 53

phantom limb syndrome

Answer 53

long after a limb has been amputated someone might experience pain where the missing limb would be

Question 54

Neuogenesis

Answer 54

growth of new neurons