Wk 4 Pain Pathophysiology

Question 1

Acute pain is protective

Answer 1

teaches avoidance

Question 2

3 parts of nervous system involved in pain

Answer 2

Afferent pathways, interpretive centers, efferent pathways

Question 3

Pathway that starts in the peripheral system that sends signal to spine then to brain

Answer 3

Afferent pathways

Question 4

Interpretive centers

Answer 4

cortical and subcortical areas of the brain (brainstem, midbrain, and cerebral cortex)

Question 5

Take message from interpretive system back down and to peripheral system and elicit a response to the pain

Answer 5

Efferent pathways

Question 6

Process of feeling pain, or any sensation

Answer 6

nociception

Question 7

Free nerve endings in afferent peripheral nervous system

Answer 7

nociceptors

Question 8

Nociceptor pain is pain that is close to

Answer 8

causing an injury

Question 9

With low intensity

Answer 9

nociceptors may not be activated

Question 10

Nociceptors

Answer 10

Skin, dental, periosteum, meninges, some internal organs

Question 11

There are no nociceptors in the

Answer 11

brain, alveoli, deep tissues

Question 12

Neurotransmitters regulate control related to the __ of pain impulse

Answer 12

transmission

Question 13

Natural neurotransmitters that aid in inhibiting pain

Answer 13

Endorphins

Question 14

Where painful stimuli is converted to an action potential

Answer 14

Transduction

Question 15

Transduction occurs along

Answer 15

A-dela and C fibers

Question 16

Prostaglandins when activated __ pain threshold

Answer 16

lower

Question 17

A-delta are small diameter

Answer 17

myelinated, rapid acting

Question 18

A-delta pain is

Answer 18

localized and sharp/stinging

Question 19

C fibers are small diameter

Answer 19

unmylinated, slow pain

Question 20

C fibers are

Answer 20

dull, burning, aching, poorly localized

Question 21

A-alpha and A-beta fibers are

Answer 21

large and do not transmit pain

Question 22

Action potentials move from periphery to spinal cord and brain

Answer 22

Transmission

Question 23

What fibers are responsible for transmission?

Answer 23

A-delta and C fibers

Question 24

Brain receives signal and interprets them as painful

Answer 24

perception

Question 25

Perception is influenced by

Answer 25

attention, distraction, anxiety, fear, fatigue, previous experiences and expectations

Question 26

Conscious perception of pain occurs primarily in

Answer 26

limbic and reticular systems of the brain

Question 27

Greatest intensity of pain that a person can handle, varies over time

Answer 27

Pain tolerance

Question 28

Lowest amount of pain that a person can recognize, perceptional dominance occurs

Answer 28

Pain threshold

Question 29

Someone who hasn't slept, isn't feeling, good, their pain tolerance will be

Answer 29

lower

Question 30

Intense pain in one location may increase the threshold in another location

Answer 30

perceptional dominance, ex: pain at one sit masks pain at another site

Question 31

Opioid tolerance

Answer 31

reduced drug effect after repeated exposure

Question 32

Endorphins modulate

Answer 32

presynaptic transmission

Question 33

We can change how the brain modulates pain

Answer 33

synaptic transmission of impulses is altered

Question 34

Morphine mimics the

Answer 34

endogenous effect of endorphins

Question 35

If we block the pain before if gets to the pain we can lower pain perception

Answer 35

Gate control therapy

Question 36

Distraction is gate control theory

Answer 36

Your brain will only process A-aphla and A-beta instead of A-delta and C fibers

Question 37

Nociceptors when activated stimulate

Answer 37

chemical mediators that are part of the inflammatory response

Question 38

These chemical mediators are called

Answer 38

Histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes.

Question 39

Archiadonic acid metabolite cause the

Answer 39

inflammatory mediators

Question 40

Prostaglandins promotes

Answer 40

inflammation, pain, fever

Question 41

Prostaglandins also,..

Answer 41

protect lining of stomach from acid, promote blood clotting and dilate blood vessels to kidneys

Question 42

Acute pain or nociceptor pain lasts

Answer 42

seconds to 3 months

Question 43

chronic pain leads to changes in the

Answer 43

CNS and PNS, dysregualtion of nocicreceptors

Question 44

Often no __ response in chronic pain

Answer 44

ANS

Question 45

Chronic pain has more

Answer 45

emotional involvement

Question 46

Stimulus outside, peripheral pain

Answer 46

nociceptive pain

Question 47

Pain within the CNS, lesion or injury to nerve themselves

Answer 47

neuropathic pain

Question 48

Neuropathic pain doesn't respond to

Answer 48

usual pain medications

Question 49

cutaneous nociceptive pain

Answer 49

skin, muscular, sharp pain that's localized

Question 50

visceral nociceptive pain

Answer 50

organ pain, cramping, diaphoresis, not localized, radiates

Question 51

Examples of neuropathic pain

Answer 51

diabetic neuropathy, tumor, nerve suppression, phantom limb pain

Question 52

Pain felt at a distance form the actual site

Answer 52

referred pain, common in visceral pain

Question 53

Phantom pain is most intense

Answer 53

right after the amputation, but does resolve over time