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Pathopharmacology Fundamentals > Module 7 Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

Module 7 Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

Hypersensitivity is a normal immune response that is… (3)

A

Inappropriately triggered, excessive, or produces undesirable effects on the body

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2
Q

2 basic mechanisms that trigger hypersensitivity

A

antigen-antibody reaction or antigen-lymphocyte interaction

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3
Q

Four types of hypersensitivity: 1-3

A

mediated by antibodies produced by B cells, specifically plasma cells

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4
Q

Hypersensitivity type 4 is mediated by

A

T cells

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5
Q

B lymphocytes are immature until

A

they come across antigen and become a mature plasma cell

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6
Q

Types 1-3 is an

A

immediate reaction

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7
Q

type 4 will take longer because

A

T cells don’t have the immediate reaction like B cells do

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8
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity

A

IgE mediated reaction

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9
Q

IgE is in response to someone developing an

A

allergy (ex: pet dander, pollen)

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10
Q

antibodies aka

A

immunoglobulins

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11
Q

Type 1 hyper sensitivity can become

A

anaphylactic

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12
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity is

A

immediate

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13
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity requires a

A

previous exposure to the antigen

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14
Q

Most allergens are

A

proteins

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15
Q

Type1 : If 1 parent is allergic

A

30% chance offspring will be allergic

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16
Q

Type 1: If both parents allergic

A

50% chance offspring will be allergic

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17
Q

Key cells involved in type 1 sensitivity

A

B lymphocytes, IgE antibodies, mast cells

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18
Q

allergy medications block chemical mediator release by blocking

A

histamine

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19
Q

allergic rhinitis

A

runny nose

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20
Q

uticaria

A

hives

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21
Q

asthma have

A

overactive mast cells

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22
Q

systemic release of chemical mediators

A

anaphylaxis

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23
Q

During anaphylaxis

A

bronchial constriction, airway obstruction, vascular collapse from widespread vasodilation (low BP)

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24
Q

type 2 hypersensitivity

A

cytotoxic reaction

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25
type 2 hypersensitivity exposure to a
foreign tissue or cell type, antigens are located on cell surface
26
example of a type 2 hypersensitivity
organ transplant
27
in type 2 hypersensitivity
antigen-antibody complex attacks foreign cells, lyses them, and then phagocytes clean up
28
cells involved in type 2 hypersensitivity
IgG and IgM, phagocytes, complement cells (kill the foreign cells)
29
Examples of type 2 hypersensitivity
blood, diabetes, erythroblastosis fetalis
30
erythroblastosis fetalis
hemolytic anemia in the fetus, rh factor
31
type 2 hypersensitivity leads to
kidney damage because the small blood vessels are clogged AND less RBCs so no oxygen supply
32
Autoimmune disorders than can cause type 2 hypersensitivity
hemolytic anemia, myasthenia gravis, graves disease
33
medication used to treat rh factor
rhogam
34
signs and symptoms of a blood transfusion reaction
fever, chills, flushing, tachycardia, hypotension, chest or back pain, nausea, vomiting, restlessness, anxiety, headache
35
we take patient's
temperature before and after a blood transfusion because this is one of the first signs
36
type 3 hypersensitivity
immune complex reaction
37
example of type 3 reaction
RA
38
type 3 hypersensitivity reaction step 1
antigen-antibody complex circulate in body and deposit into various tissues
39
type 3 hypersensitivity reaction step 2
the antigen-antibody complex causes inflammation in the tissue that it is lodged in and this is the type 3 reaction we see
40
etiology of hypersensitivity type 3
autoimmune attack, low grade infection, inhaled antigens from molds or contaminated plants, bacteria or viruses
41
key cells involved in type 3 hypersensitivity
IgG, IgM, complement, neutrophils, mast cells
42
neutrophils release toxins and chemical mediators that
cause tissue destruction
43
mast cells dump chemical mediators that cause the
inflammatory response
44
Type 3 clinical manifestations (3)
rheumatoid arthritis (joints), glomerulonephritis (kidney failure), systemic lupus erythematous (skin)
45
in type 2 hypersensitivity, the complexes attack the foreign cell
directly
46
in type 3 hypersensitivity, the complexes do NOT destroy the foreign cells, they
cause inflammation in tissues where the complexes are stuck and the inflammation is what causes the tissue to be destroyed
47
type 4 hypersensitivity
delayed hypersensitivity
48
examples of type 4 hypersensitivity
poison ivy, TB skin test, jelly fish sting, jewelry reaction, crohn's disease
49
in type 4 hypersensitivity
there are no antibodies involved
50
key cells in type 4
T cells, cytokines, mast cells, macrophages
51
steps of type 4 hypersensitivity
hapten comes through skin and created complete antigen, t cells recognize and attack to release cytokines (inflammation), macrophages clean up
52
type 4 generally peak in
48-72 hours
53
two most common type 4 reactions
contact dermatitis, and tuberculin hypersensitivity
54
3 pharmacology options
immunosuppressants, antihistamines, epinephrine
55
suppress histamine mediator activity
antihistamines
56
suppress cell mediated immunity and inflammatory response
immunosuppressants and corticosteroids
57
halts mediator activity
epinephrine
58
epinephrine works on
alpha and beta receptors
59
where are alpha receptors
arteries
60
where are beta receptors
in the heart, lungs, arteries, skeletal muscles
61
for epi subcut use a
TB syringe
62
teach patients when taking epinephrine to
take exactly as directed and to contact HCP immediately after taking it

Pathopharmacology Fundamentals (13 decks)

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