WK1 Chapter 1

Question 1

Culture is:

Answer 1

The total pattern of a group’s customs,
beliefs,
art and
technology.

a group’s common way of life

passed on from one generation to the next

Question 2

human development definition:

Answer 2

ways people
grow and
change
across the life span;

includes people’s
biological,
cognitive,
psychological and
social functioning

Question 3

The human
population began to increase notably around 10,000 years ago due to

Answer 3

the development of agriculture and domestication of animals
(Diamond )

Diamond, J. (1992). The third chimpanzee: The evolution and future of the human animal.
New York, NY: Harper Perennial

Question 4

400 years ago that the world population reached
—– ——- people

Answer 4

500 million

Question 5

the human population reached 2 bilion by 1930, which is attributed to: ————————————————————————————-

(then tripled to 6 bilion by 1999.)

Answer 5

the medical advances of the 20th century, and the
elimination or sharp reduction of deadly diseases like smalpox,
typhus, diphtheria and cholera.

Question 6

This forecast is based on the worldwide: ——– ——– ——- ———-

Answer 6

rise to a peak of 9.73 billion in 2064 and then decline to 8.79 billion in 2100.

This forecast is based on the worldwide: decline in birth rates

Question 7

TFR means

Answer 7

Total Fertility Rate

Question 8

The replacement Rate for a stable population = –.—-(TFR)

Answer 8

2.1

Question 9

conomicaly developed
countries that make up less than —-% of the world’s population

Answer 9

20%

Question 10

developing countries

Answer 10

countries that have lower levels of income
and education than developed countries but
are experiencing rapid economic growth

Question 11

developed countries

Answer 11

world’s most economically developed and
affluent countries, with the highest median
levels of income and education

Question 12

cultural values such as independence and
self-expression

Answer 12

individualistic

Question 13

cultural values such as obedience and group
harmony

Answer 13

collectivistic

Question 14

traditional culture
in developing countries, a rural culture that
adheres more closely to cultural traditions
than people in urban areas do

Answer 14

traditional culture

Question 15

Traditional cultures tend to be more colectivistic than other cultures are, in part because in rural areas:

Answer 15

close ties with others are often an economic necessity

Question 16

increasing connections between different
parts of the world in trade, travel, migration
and communication

Answer 16

globalisation

Question 17

within a country, the cultural group that sets
most of the norms and standards and holds
most of the positions of political, economic,
inte lectual and media power

Answer 17

majority culture

Question 18

settings and circumstances that contribute to
variations in pathways of human
development, including socioeconomic status,
gender and ethnicity, as wel as family,
school, community, media and cultur

Answer 18

contexts

Question 19

person’s social class, including educational level, income level and
occupational status

Answer 19

socioeconomic status (SES)

Question 20

group identity that may include components
such as cultural origin, cultural traditions,
race, religion and language

Answer 20

ethnicity

Question 21

the environmental conditions for which a given
species has evolved

Answer 21

ecological niche

Question 22

characteristic pattern of individual
development in a species

Answer 22

ontogenetic

Question 23

pertaining to the development of a species

Answer 23

phylogenetic

Question 24

evolutionary process in which the offspring
best adapted to their environment survive to
produce offspring of their own

Answer 24

natural selection

Question 25

several characteristics developed that made us distinct from earlier hominins and from other primates:

Answer 25

Larger Brain wider Female Pelvis Longer Infant Dependancy Tools Contrl of Fire

Question 26

Upper Palaeolithic period period of human history from 40,000 to 10,000 years ago, when distinct human cultures first developed

Answer 26

Upper Palaeolithic period

Question 27

Inicators f the Upper Palaeolithic period

Answer 27

For the first time, art appeared: musical instruments; paintings on cave wals; smal ivory beads attached to clothes; decorative objects made from bone, antler or shel; and human and animal figures carved from ivory or sculpted from clay Humans began to bury their dead, sometimes including art objects in the graves. Trade took place between human groups. There was a rapid acceleration in the development of tools, including the bow and arrow, a spear thrower and the harpoon. The first boats were invented, alowing humans to reach and populate Australia and New Guinea. For the first time, cultural differences developed between human groups, as reflected in their art and tools

Question 28

dramatic change, from 10,000 years ago to about 5,000 years ago, is known as the ------ period

Answer 28

Neolithic period

Question 29

Indicator of the Neolithic period

Answer 29

During this time, humans broadened their food sources by cultivating plants and domesticating animals.

Question 30

era of human history from 10,000 to 5,000 years ago, when animals and plants were first domesticated

Answer 30

Neolithic period

Question 31

branch of psychology that examines how patterns of human functioning and behaviour have resulted from adaptations to evolutionary conditions

Answer 31

evolutionary psychology

Question 32

Freud’s theory proposing that sexual desire is the driving force behind human development

Answer 32

psychosexual theory

Question 33

Erikson’s theory that human development is driven by the need to become integrated into the social and cultural environment

Answer 33

psychosocial theory

Question 34

Bronfenbrenner’s theory that human development is shaped by five interrelated systems in the social environment

Answer 34

ecological theory

Question 35

cultural-developmental approach a model for understanding human development that includes three principles:

Answer 35

(1) humans always develop within a culture; (2) it is necessary to study people in diverse cultures for a ful understanding of human development; and (3) today, cultural identities are becoming more complex around the world

Question 36

new life stage in developed countries, lasting from the late teens through the 20s, in which people are gradualy making their way towards taking on adult responsibilities in love and work

Answer 36

Emerging adulthood

Question 37

------ Is a key influence in Human Devleopment

Answer 37

Culture