WK4 Preschool Years

Question 1

How much do children typically grow between ages 3 and 5 in early childhood?

Answer 1

A: Children grow about 7 cm in height and gain around 2 kg per year from age 3 to 5.

96cm 14–14.5 kg at age 3,

108–110 cm and 18–18.5 kg by age 5.

Question 2

Both boys and girls gain more in —— than in

—— during early childhood

Answer 2

weight than in
1
height during early childhood, but most add more muscle than fat.

Question 3

process experienced by children who are
malnourished and consequently are ——for
their age

Answer 3

stunting

Question 4

In developed countries, children usualy have their first visit to the
dentist around age —

Answer 4

3

Question 5

At age 3, the brain is about —– of its adult weight, and at
age 6, about —-

Answer 5

70%

90%

Question 6

The ——-lobes grow faster than the rest of the ——- ———
during early childhood

Answer 6

FRONTAL

CEREBRAL CORTEX

Question 7

the advances in emotional regulation, foresight and
planned behaviour that take place during the preschool years can be attributed to

Answer 7

Growth in the frontal
lobes

Question 8

The increase in brain
size and weight during early childhood is due to an increase in
—— ———- between neurons and to ———–

Answer 8

dendritic connections

myelination

Question 9

band of neural fibres connecting the two
hemispheres of the brain

Answer 9

corpus callosum

Question 10

structure at the base of the brain involved in
balance and motor movements

Answer 10

cerebellum

Question 11

part of the lower brain, involved in attention

Answer 11

reticular formation

Question 12

structure involved in transfer of information
from short-term to long-term memory

Answer 12

hippocampus

Question 13

inability to remember anything that happened
prior to age 2

Answer 13

infantile amnesia

Question 14

Theories of Infantile amnesia chalk it up to three things

Answer 14

1- We dont have an awareness of self yet
2- We dont have langague t process and store the narrative/memories
3- Hypocampus is not deveoped yet to store the memory

Question 15

myelination in the hippocampus is completed by age —

Answer 15

5

Question 16

The hippocampus is involved in the transfer of y

Answer 16

information from short
term to long-term memory

( may explain why autobiographical memory (memory for personal
events and experiences) is limited prior to this age )

Question 17

memory for events and things that happened to us and memory for specific personal events is ca led

Answer 17

autobiographical memory.

Question 19

type of aggression when a child wants
something and uses aggressive behaviour or
words to get it

Answer 19

instrumental aggression

Question 20

type of aggression that entails signs of anger
and intent to inflict pain or harm on others

Answer 20

hostile aggression

Question 21

type of aggression that involves damaging
another person’s reputation among peers
through social exclusion and malicious gossip

Answer 21

relational aggression

Question 22

cumulative daily time spent using devices that
have a screen, including television, tablets,
mobile devices and electronic games

Answer 22

screen time

Question 23

Hyejin is an only child from China. Which of the folowing is
most likely TRUE?
a. She has higher cognitive development than her
counterparts with siblings.
b. She scores lower on likeability than her counterparts
with siblings who have had to share and negotiate.
c. She would be considered overindulged and selfish.
d. She has poorer social skils, but is considered more
assertive than her counterparts with siblings.

Answer 23

a. She has higher cognitive development than her
counterparts with siblings.

Question 24

Lucien is stil cared for mainly by his mother, who just recently
stopped breastfeeding. He also spends a lot of time with his
older siblings and the older children who live nearby. When he
is distressed, the older children comfort him if the mother is
not in the vicinity. Using Mead’s classification, Lucien would be
considered a
.
a. knee child
b. yard child
c. lap child
d. neighbourhood child

Answer 24

a. knee child

Question 25

Based on the research, which of the folowing is most likely TRUE of Sebastian, a 4-year-old American male? a. If he is especialy physica ly aggressive at this time in development, he is unlikely to be more aggressive than his peers later on. b. He is less likely to be physica ly aggressive than girls at this age. c. He engages in rough-and-tumble play at recess when he is around other boys of the same age. d. He is much more likely than female peers his age to use relational and verbal aggression

Answer 25

. He engages in rough-and-tumble play at recess when he is around other boys of the same age.

Question 26

Which of the folowing would you most likely see 5-year-olds doing in a playground in a Western culture? a. Girls playing catch with the boys b. Boys playing a game to see who could throw a bal the furthest c. Boys engaging in cooperative, fantasy play d. Children playing in mixed-age groups

Answer 26

b. Boys playing a game to see who could throw a bal the furthest

Question 27

5. Which of the folowing is TRUE regarding media use in early childhood? a. Children are able to connect musical sounds with specific emotions. b. Most of the research on the effects of music has focused on very young children. c. Girls are more likely than boys to prefer violent programs because they are striving to achieve an independent and assertive identity. d. Even young children can distinguish advertisements from program content.

Answer 27

a. Children are able to connect musical sounds with specific emotions.

Question 28

21. Screen time during young childhood . a. is not recommended under the age of 6 b. is concerning when it displaces other activities c. has been correlated with aggressive thoughts and behaviours, but only among males who were already extremely aggressive before viewing d. has not been studied experimentaly, and therefore no conclusions about causation can be m

Answer 28

b. is concerning when it displaces other activities

Question 29

physical growth of the body and brain an important precursor to

Answer 29

to cognitive and social development during the preschool years