Wk.1 L4 - Musculoskeletal System Through the lifespan

Question 1

LO

Answer 1

1. Outline the changes in the musculoskeletal (MSK) system through the lifespan.
2. Describe the major contributing factors to MSK changes through the lifespan.
3. Recall the causes of decline in MSK function as we age.
4. Describe the consequences and impact of MSK decline on the individual and community.

[heft] summary end

Question 2

Positive hormonal regulators of MSK Health

Answer 2

Testosterone:
- Promotes muscle protein synthesis and breakdown
- Increases bone mass

Estradoil (estrogens):
- In women increases bone formation and mass
- Anti-inflammatory proterties to protect joints
- Increase muscle mass

Progesterone:
- In women, works with estrogen to promote bone formation and mass

Growth Hormone (GH):
- Increases protein synthesis and promotes IGF1

Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1):
- Works with GH to promote muscle cell growth and differentiation
- Enchances muscle protein synthesis and repair

Question 3

Negative hormonal regulators of MSK Health

Answer 3

Cortisol:
- Catabolic hormone, breaksdown protein during stress or prolongued exercise
- Necessary for energy metabolism, but high levels negatively impact muscle mass

Progesterone:
- Not too clear, but may counteract some estrogen effects in women, or muscle mass

Menopause as a whole:
- Drives decline in MSK health

Question 4

Chronic disease in our aging population

Answer 4

• 30% of population over 30YO suffer from MSK related chronic disease
• Over 50% suffer over 65YO

Question 5

MSK Disease associated with age

Answer 5

• Osteoporosis
• Osteoarthritis
• Sarcopenia

Question 6

Contributing factors to MSK Health

Answer 6

Primary Factors:
- Age
- BMI (frail= osteoporosis / obese= osteoarthritis)
- Genetics

Lifestyle Factors:
- Diet - High calcium/ protein intake very important
- Smoking and medications
- Sedentary lifestyle/ bedrest = sarcopenia