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LSB235- ANATOMY > WK2- femur, tibia and knee joint > Flashcards

WK2- femur, tibia and knee joint Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the longest bone in the body?

A

femur

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2
Q

list what features are in the proximal end of the femur 9

A

head of femur
fovea wapitis femoris
greater trochanter
trochanteric fossa
lesser trochanter
intertrochanteric line
intertrochnateric crest
quadrate tubercle
neck

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3
Q

what is angle of inclination and what is the range of degrees and the average in an adult. what is the word for decreased range and increased?

A

the femur is bent so the long axis of the head and neck lies at an angle to the shaft. this decreases with age.
average range= 113 to 136
adult average/norm= 125

decreased= coxa vara (old age)
increased= coxa valga (child)

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4
Q

what is angle of femoral torsion

A

proximal end of femur forms a 12 degree angle with the transverse axis when superimposed to improve angle for the hip joint.

range 10-15 degrees

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5
Q

features of the distal end of femur 6

A

intercondylar notch/fossa
medial and laterial condyles
supracondylar line
popliteal surface
medial and lateral epicondyles
adductor tubercle

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6
Q

what is the articular surface of the hip joint?

A

the head of femur and lunate surface of the acetabulum

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7
Q

what movements can the hip joint do? 7

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation and circumduction.

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8
Q

extracapuslar ligaments of the hip joint 4

A

iliofemoral ligament
pubofemoral ligament
ischiofemoral ligament
acetabulum labrum ligament

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9
Q

intracapsular ligaments in the hip joint 2

A

transverse ligament
head of femur ligament

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10
Q

anterior surface is ….. compared to the posterior surface

A

smooth, compared to posterior that is roughened markings

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11
Q

posterior has what lines in the superior 1/3, middle 1/3 and inferior 1/3?

A

superior: spiral, pectineal, gluteal tuberosity
middle: linea aspera and lips
inferior: medial and lateral supracondylar line

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12
Q

how to identify difference between medial and lateral distal end of femur

A

medial is more uniformly curved

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13
Q

where is the pit for gastrocnemius and groove for popliteus?

A

lateral femoral condyle

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14
Q

what is covered by hyaline articular cartilage in the hip joint?

A

femoral head and lunate surface of acetabulum

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15
Q

what is the acetabular labrum

A

a ring of fibrocartilage that attaches to the acetabular rim

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16
Q

what is the articular fibrous capsule

A

the external boundary of the intracapsular structures

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17
Q

what are the intracapuslar structures of the hip joint? 5

A

transverse acetabular ligament
acetabular labrum
ligament of the head of femur
femoral head
lunate surface of acetabulum

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18
Q

non articular surfaces are covered with what?

A

synovial membrane

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19
Q

what does the iliofemoral ligament do in the hip? how is it orientated and what does it attach to?

A

restricts over extension, adduction, abduction and medial and lateral rotation

anterior ligament in a y shape

attaches to AIIS and intertrochanteric line

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20
Q

what does the pubofemoral ligament do in the hip? how is it orientated and what does it attach to?

A

restrict abduction

anterior ligament

attaches to superior pubic rams, fibrous capsule and iliofemoral ligament

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21
Q

what does the ischiofemoral ligament do in hip? orientation and what does it attach to?

A

restricts medial rotation

posterior ligament

attached to adjacent to acetabular rim and spirals anteriorly to attach to the greater trochanter.

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22
Q

what part of the patella is non articular ?

A

apex (lower 1/5th) is non articular

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23
Q

base of patella has what orientation?

A

slopes anteroinferiorly

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24
Q

what does the patella surface have?

A

small foraminae and stria

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25
patella has what ossification centres?
only primary
26
patellofemoral articulation allows for what
the pull of quad muscle to be directed anteriorly over the knee to the tibia without tendon wear
27
what ligaments in the knee prevent side to side movement?
medial and lateral collateral ligaments
28
what makes up the knee joint complex 9
articular surface fibrous capsule and thickenings synovial membranes patella ligament collateral ligaments menisci meniscofemoral ligaments cruciate ligaments bursae
29
extracapsular structures of the knee
lateral and medial patellar retinaculum fibrous capsule arcuate popliteal ligament oblique popliteal ligament patella ligament
30
bursae of the knee 4
anterior: suprapatella bursa (intracapsualar) prepatella bursa (extracapsular) superficial infrapatella bursa deep infrapatella bursa
31
which ligament is the weakest in the knee?
ACL
32
movements of the knee 4
flexion, extension , medial rotation, lateral rotation
33
intracapsular ligaments of the knee
posterior cruciate ligament anterior " posterior meniscofemoral lig anterior "
34
extra capsular ligs in knee
patella lig, medial collateral lig, lateral ", transverse ligament ?
35
features of the tibia proximal end 5
tibial condyles medial tibial condyle lateral tibial condyle intercondylar eminence and tubercles tibial tuberosity
36
appearance of the superior medial condylar surface of tibia
slightly concaved and oval shaped (covered with hyaline cartilage)
37
appearance fo the superior lateral condylar surface
slightly concaved, smaller and more circular than medial condylar surface and covered with hyaline cartilage
38
neck of the tibia consists of what?
superior smooth region and an inferior roughened region
39
what does the fibrous capsule attach to in the hip joint
intertrochnteric line margins of the acetabulum posterior aspect of the femoral neck
40
head of femur ligament attaches where and is made up of what
margins of the acetabular notch consists as medial and lateral bands
41
articular surfaces in the hip joint are 2
lunate surface head of femur
42
what is articular cartilage q
provide a smooth, lubricated surface for articulation and to facilitate the transmission of loads with a low frictional coefficient
43
patella has 2 posterior facets and it mat be what
bipartite or tripartite
44
when does the patella ossify?
3-6years
45
surfaces/border of shaft of tibia
anterior border, posterior surface, medial surface, lateral border
46
what muscle passes across the medial malleolar groove
tibialis posterior
47
what attaches to the tibial tuberosity and where is it located/what is the area like?
provides attachment for the quadriceps femoris tendon it is located on the anterior surface of the tibia and has a rough superior region and smooth inferior region
48
where is the groove for the attachment of semimembranous located
medial tibial condyle
49
soleal line is located
posterior surface of tibia
50
surfaces for the tibia
posterior, medial, lateral 3
51
borders for the tibia
52
what are the borders for the tibia
anterior, medial, interosseous
53
when does the tibia ossify all centres
by the 20th year
54
the knee joint is what kind of joint?
saddle synovial joint
55
the coronary ligament of the knee attaches to what
tibial condyles lateral meniscus medial meniscus (deep part of fibrous capsule)
56
the patella ligament attaches to what structure and part of what tendon? and is located anterior to what?
attaches to tibial tuberosity part of the quad femoris tendon and lies anterior to the infra patella fat pad
57
the MCL attaches to what
medial meniscus and medial femoral epicondyle
58
the LCL attaches to the ? and lies adjacent to?
had of the fibular and lies adjacent to the tendon f popilteus
59
where does ACL attach?
immediately behind the anterior attachment of the medial meniscus, and the medial side of the lateral femoral condyle and lies anterolateral to the posterior cruciate ligament
60
the lateral meniscus of the knee attaches to what bony structure and ligament
lateral tubercle of the tibial intercondylar eminence and may attach to two meniscofemoral ligaments
61
is the acl or pcl wider
same length, pcl wider
62
where do the meniscofemoral ligaments attach to
lateral side of the medial femoral condyle
63
menisci are formed by
fibrocartilage
64
the lcl is what like?
cord-like
65
what tendon is partially intracapsular in the knee
tendon of popliteus
66
what type of joint is the patellofemoral part of knee
saddle synovial joint
67
movements of the knee joint
medial/lateral rotation extension/flexion gliding movement
68
what bone is the fibula notch located
tibia
69
what bony features does the fibula have
styloid process (head of fib, lateral/posterior) malleolar groove fossa
70
borders of the fibular
anterior interossesous posterior
71
what are the surfaces of the fibula
lateral medial posterior
72
the malleolar fossa of the fib lies where and provides attachment for what
behind taller articular facet attachment for posterior talofibular ligament
73
what muscles pass across the lateral malleolar groove of fib
fibulas longs and brevis
74
where do fibularis muscles attach ?
lateral surface of fibula
75
where does the interosseous border attach on the fib
medial crest (posterior surface)
76
when do centres fuse for the fibula
by 20years
77
when do secondary ossification genres present in the fib
by the 5th year
78
what surface Is the intertrochantric line and intertrochantric crest on?
line- anterior crest- posterior
79
what surface of the femur is the quadrate tubercle located and what attaches
posterior quadrates femoris
80
bony features on the posterior surface of the femur- shaft
linea aspera gluteal tuberosity spiral line pectineal line
81
what side is the patella surface on the femur more on?
lateral
82
which condylar is more uniform?
medial femoral condylar
83
what side is the adductor tubercle on?
medial
84
what is the adductor tubercle for- attachment?
adductor magnus
85
where Is the pit for gastrocnemius and groove for popliteus located and which is superior
lateral side of the distal femur pit superior
86
what bone is the soleal line on
tibia (superior part of shaft)
87
where is the groove for semimembranosus located
posteromedial side of tibia condyle

LSB235- ANATOMY (13 decks)

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