Wk6- DM Flashcards
TDM1 cause
Auto immune- destruction of pancreatic Beta cells = no insulin
DM symptoms
Excessive thirst, urination, hunger, fatigue (weight loss in T1, gain in T2)
TDM1 management
Insulin injections throughout day
T2DM management
Lifestyle changes
Oral medications
Insulin injections as last line
Define Gestational DM
When glucose levels don’t return to normal after giving birth
Risk factors for diabetes 8
-over 55, over 45 + overweight/high blood pressure, over 35 + cultural background
-inactive
-high blood pressure
-gestational diabetes or given birth to child over 4.5kg, or PCOS
-impaired glucose tolerance
-abnormal lipids
-high BMI
-family history
What is pre diabetes
No signs or symptoms
-has risk factors
-high BG but not high enough
Impaired fasting glucose
Fasting- 6.1-7
2hrs after- less than 7
Impaired glucose tolerance
Fasting - less than 7
2hrs- 7.8-11
What fasting and 2hrs after levels are expected for BG for
- no diabetes
-pre diabetic
-diabetes
No DM: fasting- less than 6, 2hrs- less than 7.8
PreDM: fasting- 6.1-6.9, 2hrs- 7.8-11
Diabetes: fasting- 7+, 2hrs- 11.1+
What is the HBA1C GOAL FOR T2DM
Less than 7%
How often should HBA1C be conducted
3-6months
Lowering your HBA1C by 1% lowers ur risk of micro vascular complications by
30%
Complications of DM
Macro vascular- CVD, PVD and cerebral VD
Micro- retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy
Lifestyle- depression, sleep apnoea
High risk foot- neuropathy, ischemia, infection =ulceration (75% diabetic
How does ulceration occur in diabetes
-micro vascular dysfunction
-macrvascular disease causes increased AV shunting, capillary pressure and reduced hyperaemia=loss of auto regulation, nutrients and mediators of endothelium= ulceration
