Wonder Drugs and LSD part 1 Flashcards
(43 cards)
What was the 1928 Penicillin thought of as?
magic bullet
Which was the first described drug categorically to reduct the spread and outbreak of disease that was not disease specific?
penicillin
What was there a search for drug wise?
search for some kind of substance to relieve pain
How did the world wars stimulate research? (3 reasons)
- ‘shell shock’
- screening before service and demand for services following the war
- Nazi experiments regarded as unethical, but produced a lot of scientific intrigue
What did the search for ‘magic bullet’ lead to the study of?
chemicals
The search for ‘magic bullet’ led to the study of chemicals in what 4 areas?
- rise of bacteriology, chemistry, pharmaceuticals, etc.
- drug experimentation
- clinical and patient experimentation
- tranquilizers
How did people in asylums pay back the state?
by contributing their bodies to experimentation
When placing people in asylums begun to be viewed as less acceptable, and medical science is defined as something that should be able to determine causes and cures, a number of societies were set up to do what? What are three examples of these things?
- financial incentives for studying disorders
- a number of societies are set up to further this cause and provide financial resources for studies of mental disorders
- Ex. National Institute of Mental Health Research, Canadian Mental Health Association, Rockefeller grants
What did the globalization of experiments require?
money
After penicillin, what was the next magic bullet?
Chlorpromazine
Who discovered Chlorpromazine?
Henri Laborit
Who is Henri Laborit?
A French surgeon during WWII. He worked with antihistamines and found sedative properties.
What is chlorpromazine used for?
- anti-psychotic medication
- way to calm people down
- sedative
What did Henri Laborit do after he discovered chlorpromazine? What did this lead to?
published it which lead to psychiatrists reading it and beginning to use it on psychotic patients and it reduced their symptoms.
What did Laborit synthesis chlorpromazine with?
Rhone-poulenc
What did Laborit try chlorpromazine on in 1951? Results? What did he do in 1952?
- In 1951 he tried it on a a female colleague (who promptly fainted)
- In 1952, he persuaded three psychiatrists to give it to their patients
By 1953, chlorpromazine had done what to French psychiatry?
transformed it
What is known as the first ‘anti-psychotic’?
chlorpromazine
What was wrong with chlorpromazine?
Some patients began exhibiting side affects such as tar dive dyskinesia
What did people believe chlorpromazine could do?
allow people to live outside of the asylum
What encouraged further experimentation with chemicals?
the success of chlorpromazine
What inspired a psychopharmacological revolution?
chlorpromazine
Why is chlorpromazine important?
because it helped convince scientific community that there were chemicals to change behaviour.
-inspires idea that you could have a drug culture that would allow people more autonomy
What formed thesis of a ‘psychopharm revolution’?
Discoveries of anti-psychotics (chlorpromazine), anti-mania (lithium), and anti-depressants (imipramine)
