Wood

Question 1

Timber

Answer 1

fibrous material made up of long slender cells aligned w the tree trunk - timber grain

Question 2

Gymnosperm

Answer 2

Softwood

naked seed
- pinecone

Question 3

Angiosperm

Answer 3

Hardwood

seeds in a protective vessel
- fruit seeds, acorns

Question 4

Softwood vs Hardwood characteristics

Answer 4

Softwoods:
- needle/fan leafs
- keep their leafs
- grow quick
- less dense

Hardwoods:
- normal leafs
- leafs fall off
- grow slow
- more dense

Question 5

Softwood trees
(Conifer Trees)

Answer 5

evergreens:
- cedar
- pine
- fir
- larch
- yew
- hemlock

Question 6

Hardwood trees
(Deciduous Trees)

Answer 6

• maple
• oak
• chestnut
• birch
• mahogany
• ebony
• rosewood

Question 7

Grain:
particle board

plywood

pine wood

Answer 7

particle board: no grain - wood mixed with glue

plywood: grain is criss crossed - stronger - laminated

pine wood: normal grain/wood

Question 8

Softwood

Answer 8

Earlywood
- large thin walled cells
- light in colour

Latewood
- darker
- forms slowly
- has smaller cells

Rays - transverse to the grain and tie the cells, vessels and fibres together.

Question 9

Hardwood

Answer 9

Vessels transport nutrients/ moisture from the roots up and out the leaves for photosynthesis.​

Fibres provide the mechanical strength of wood.​

Cells store nutrients and moisture.

Question 10

Treating and Finishing Timbers

Answer 10

• keeps bugs from inhabiting​
• keeps mildew from growing​
• keeps wood from rotting as quickly​
• keeps wood from splitting and drying out​
• keeps the wood from splintering ​
• can also help to enhance appearance of wood, and give it some colour, shininess, and smoothness. ​

Question 11

Recovery and Disposal

Answer 11

recycling is the process of turning waste timber into usable products

• timber can be chipped down into wood chips, which can be used to power homes or power plants.​

Question 12

Organisms

Mildew

Dryrot

Answer 12

eat away at the wood - carpenter bees, ants

mold - leave wood wet

bacteria gets in and breaks down the wood

Question 13

Timber Farming

Answer 13

Sustainable forestry promotes biodiversity, protects ecosystems, and provides carbon sequestration.

habitat preservation, water quality, and soil stability.

Question 14

manmade vs natural timbers (characteristics)

Answer 14

Manmade Timbers:
- Consistency, Strength, Warp Resistance, Size, flexibility, Resistance to Pests/Decay

Natural Timbers:
- Appearance, Environmental Impact, Cost, Insulation Properties,
Repair and Modification,

Question 15

can degrade or be degraded

Answer 15

Biological Decay - Fungi, insects, bacteria

Weathering: - sunlight, rain, temperature

Chemical Degradation - chemicals, pollutants, improper treatments

Mechanical Wear

Fire Damage

Question 16

Several methods of treating timber to protect it from weather and insects

Answer 16

• Chemical Treatments
• Heat Treatment
• Oil-Based Treatments
• Paints and Stains:
• Varnishes and Sealers:

Question 17

Pressure Treated (tantalized)

Answer 17

suck out all the air and press coating/chemical into the wood and stops from rotting

Question 18

reclaim and reuse timber

Answer 18

Environmental Sustainability,
Energy Conservation,
Waste Reduction,
Character and Aesthetics,
Cost-Effective,
Carbon Footprint Reduction,
Preservation of History, Creativity