Woods Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
Light grayish brown to reddish brown striking grain
A
Oak
2
Q
Creamy white to light reddish brown straight grain
A
Maple
3
Q
Light gray brown to dark purple brown
A
Walnut
4
Q
Cream color to light reddish brown visible resin canals and growth rings
A
Pine
5
Q
Cream white to light reddish brown extremely small pores
A
Birch
6
Q
Light to dark reddish brown, straight grain and small individual pores
A
Cherry
7
Q
Grayish through creamy white through to a reddish dark brown
A
Ash
8
Q
Yellowish brown through reddish brown to dark red
A
Mahogany
8
Q
Very light brown hardwood
A
Beech
9
Q
QLight yellow to brownish yellow with green tinge
A
Poplar
10
Q
Tawny yellow to dark brown with frequent lighter an darker streaks
A
Teak (Indonesia)
11
Q
Creamy white to reddish brown occasional dark brown
A
Pecan
12
Q
Light brown to dark brown often containing shades of red
A
Elm
13
Q
Various shades of dark brown to dark purple
A
Rosewood
14
Q
Creamy white to yellowish with obvious differences between spring and summer growth
A
Fir
15
Q
Deep reddish brown with obvious alternating spring and summer growth rings
A
Redwood
16
Q
Light red with light colored streaks running throughout
A
Cedar
17
Q
Pale Reddish Brown
A
Sycamore
18
Q
Pale to dark brown with occasional red streaks running throughout
A
Butternut
19
Q
Creamy white to creamy brown with frequent reddish markings
A
Basswood
20
Q
Strip piled to solid foundation allow air to circulate around every piece while sloping allows water to run off quickly
A
Natural Drying- Air/ Sun Drying
21
Q
Done in dry kiln lumber is artificially dried in correct moisture content
A
Kiln Drying
22
Q
Fibers running in the same direction as the main axis of the Tree
A
Straight Grain
23
Q
Grains are in successive layers in opposite direction
A
Inter-locked Grain
24
Constantly changing in orientation so that a line drawn parallel their direction appears as wavy
Wavy or Curly Grain
25
Gain logged not sawn along its vertical axis
Diagonal Grain
26
Grain of tree grows twisted
Spiral Grain
27
fiber's run approximately parrallel with vertical axis of log
Straight Grain
28
Grain direction of wood fibers has constantly changed
Wavy Grain
29
Fibers at directions that are varying and irregular from from log's vertical axis
Irregular Grain
30
Grain structure sawn fibers lined up in opposite directions
Interlocked Grain
31
Grain structure sawn board is cut in grain direction but through radius
Quarter/Radial Grain
32
Grain structure sawn cut across the grain
End Grain
33
Methods of sawing : most common method, highest quality usable lumber
Plain Sawing
34
Methods of sawing: cuts log in quarters
Quarter Sawing
35
Methods of sawing: sawing through and through
Live Saw
36
effect of basal stumps of incipient or cast off branches in the living tree
Knots
37
Small knots caused by shedding of early branches
Pin Knots
38
Knots sliced through their length during sawing, "slash knots"
Spike/ Slash Knots
39
Dead Knots which are still sound and difficult to dislodge
Encased Knots
40
two or three knots springing from a common center
Branched Knots
41
medullary and springwood are weaker than remainder and built in tensions
Shakes
42
log piths or heart radially along medullary rays that the tree has passed its prime
Radial Shakes
43
Project inwardly from definite frost rib on cambium, result of severe weather
Frost Shakes
44
Soft Springwood splits away from harder summerwood during seasoning or shearing stress caused by old age
Tangential Shake
45
Failures caused by compression
Cross Shakes
46
"Resin Pockets" appear as thin veins or shallow cavities filled with resin
Pitch Veins, Pitch pockets
47
Repeated damage to cambium layer by small insects
Pitch Flecks
48
Patches of ingrowing bark cause of exterior damage to growing tree
Rind Galls
49
Sapwood dies ring by ring forming heartwood, if sapwood survive within heartwood, show as lighter patches in Rio rosewood
Internal Sapwood
50
not usually classifies as defects, may enhance value of timber
Burls/ Burrs
51
Tissue formed over wound in tree resulting unnatural growth
Callus
52
Fungoid disease
Canker
53
Partially heated fire scar
Catface
54
Wood shrink on drying creating internal strains and stresses
Artificial defects
55
Hollows across width
Cupping/ Rounding
56
Curved throughout its length, succession of short bows
Cupping/ Rounding
57
Edge Bend, wood remains flat hut bends edgewise on own plane
Springing
58
Twists on its longitudinal axis long edges are straight and diagonals are curved
Twisting
59
Synonymous terms for distortion in one or more directions
Warping/ Casting
60
Butt end of plank splits open caused by rapid drying
End Splitting
61
wood covered with small splits along the grain by too rapid drying in hot sun
Sun Checking
62
Wood lifts in innumerable small flakes or layers which spring under cutting action preventing smooth surface
Flaking
63
Grain runs obliquely to the longitudinal axis due to incorrect sawing
Diagonal Grain
64
If wood dried too quickly
Case Hardening
65
If kiln-drying of case hardened timber is continued to dryness then natural shrinkage movement of moist interior will locked in
Honeycombing
66
Too rapid kiln drying of green timber can result in a flattening of wood cells by vacuums
Collapse
67
Part of Tree perpendicular to growth rings
Medullar Rays
68
Chemical belonging to such groups as acids, alcohol, resinous substances, oils, dyes, and pigments
Wood Finishes
69
Emphasize and enhance charm of natural wood color and grain
Transparent
70
Soak into wood pores to give natural look and feel
Penetrating Finishes
71
Seals wood pores for protection against water and other destrucutive elements
Surface Coating
72
from resins dissolved in ethyl alcohol, high gloss when dried
Clear Lacquer
73
Resin +Ethyl Alcohol=
Lacquer
74
from various gums and resins dissolved in an oil or alcohol, elastic finish
Varnish
75
Resins+Oil=
Varnish
76
from gums derived from plants, insects, and vegetable matter
Natural
77
from synthetic resin, esterified glycerineq
Synthetic
78
Spirit Varnish made by dissolving lurified lac flakes in denatured alcohol
Shellac
79
Lac Flakes+ Denatured Alcohol=
Shellac
79
achieved by boiling linseed oil or various other oils
Oil Stain Finish
80
Transparent plastic finish made of polyhydric esterified with etc . Very tough, hard, flexible finish
Polyurethane Finish
81
Achieved by brushing, rubbing or spraying processed fatty acids from animals and vegetables combo with alcohol, hardness and durability
Wax or Films
82
Dyes or pigments suspended in water or oil, alters coloring of the wood accentuates without covering grain of wood
Wood Stain Finish
83
Achieved by applying various acids and chlorine compound by bleaching agents, lightening wood color to yellowish
Bleach Finish
84
Comparatively weak, removing chemical, dyes, ink, and water stain
Chlorinated Laundry Bleach
85
Best bleach to use not only on natural wood colors but also many water and chemical stain
Oxalic Acid
86
Fairly expensive and extremely strong, bring out really light on dark wood
Two-Solution Bleaches
87
Gives solid finish for protection and decoration
Opaque
88
mixture of solid pigment suspended in a liquid vehicle
Paints and Enamels
89
finely ground insoluble substance suspended in a liquid vehicle to impart color and opacity
Pigment
90
either white lead, oxide, lithophane or titanium
White pigment
91
derived from minerals or clay
Colored pigments
92
whitting talc or silica
Extenders
93
nonvolatile fluid in which solid body material is suspended
vehicles
94
volatile liquid used to dilute paint or varnish to the desired or proper consistency
Thinners
95
added to paint to accelerate oxidation and hardening of vehicle
Driers
96
Simulates appearances and textures or natural materials such as marbles granite and other stones
Other Decorative and Fanciful Finishes
97
Made of thin veneer sheets glued together arranged crosswise
Plywood
98
size of wood boarda
4'x8' or 1200mmx2400mm
99
Series of wood core strips glued together side by side to form slab sandwiched
Plyboards
100
Composed of wood chips carefully graded mixed with synthetic resin glue and pressed
Particle Boards
101
Used extensively in the building industry in various density, application for furniture used for back panels and drawer bottoms
Fiber Boards
102
Same construction as fiberboards except that it has thin outer pressed melamine finish
Melamine Boards
