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Educational Psychology > Woolfolk Ch 8 Vocab > Flashcards

Woolfolk Ch 8 Vocab Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Cognitive view of learning

A

a general approach that views learning as an active mental process of acquiring, remembering, and using knowledge

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2
Q

Cognitive science

A

The interdisciplinary study of thinking, language, intelligence, knowledge creation, and the brain

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3
Q

Domain-specific knowledge

A

Information that is useful in a particular situation or that applies mainly to one specific topic

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4
Q

General knowledge

A

Information that is useful in many different kinds of tasks; information that applies to many situations

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5
Q

Information processing

A

The human mind’s activity in taking in, storing, and using information

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6
Q

Sensory memory

A

System that holds sensory information very briefly

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7
Q

Attention

A

Focus on a stimulus

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8
Q

Automaticity

A

the result of learning to perform a behaviour or thinking process so thoroughly that the performance is automatic and does not require effort. Sometimes refers to excitement or stress

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9
Q

Working memory

A

The information that you are focusing on at a given moment

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10
Q

Short-term memory

A

Component of memory system that holds information for about 20 seconds

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11
Q

Central executive

A

The part of working memory that is responsible for monitoring and directing attention and other mental resources

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12
Q

Phonological loop

A

Part of working memory. A speech- and sound-related system for holding and rehearsing (refreshing) words and sounds in short-term memory for about 1.5 to 2 seconds

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13
Q

Visuospatial sketchpad

A

Part of working memory. A holding system for visual and spatial information

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14
Q

Episodic buffer

A

The process that brings together and integrates information from the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and long-term memory under the supervision of the central executive

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15
Q

Cognitive load

A

the volume of resources necessary to complete a task

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16
Q

Intrinsic cognitive load

A

The resources required by the task itself, regardless of other stimuli

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17
Q

Extraneous cognitive load

A

The resources required to process stimuli irrelevant to the task

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18
Q

Germane cognitive load

A

Deep processing of information related to the task, including the application of prior knowledge to the new task or problem

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19
Q

Maintenance rehearsal

A

Keeping information in working memory by repeating it to yourself

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20
Q

Elaborative rehearsal

A

Keeping information in working memory by associating it with something else you already know

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21
Q

Chunking

A

Grouping individual bits of data into meaningful larger units

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22
Q

Interference

A

Processing new information interferes or gets confused with old information

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23
Q

Decay

A

The weakening and fading of memories with the passage of time

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24
Q

Long-term memory

A

Permanent store of knowledge

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25
Declarative knowledge
Verbal information; facts; "knowing that" something is the case
26
Procedural knowledge
Knowledge that is demonstrated when we perform a task; "knowing how"
27
Self-regulatory knowledge
Knowing how to manage your learning, or knowing how and when to use your declarative and procedural knowledge
28
Explicit memory
Long-term memories that involve deliberate or conscious recall
29
Implicit memory
Knowledge that we are not conscious of recalling, but that influences our behaviour or thought without our awareness
30
Semantic memory
Memory for meaning
31
Propositional network
Set of interconnected concepts and relationships in which long-term knowledge is held
32
Images
Representations based on the physical attributes�the appearance�of information
33
Dual coding theory
Suggests that information is stored in long-term memory as either visual images or verbal units or both
34
Concept
A category used to group similar events, ideas, objects, or people
35
Defining attribute
Qualities that connect members of a group to a specific concept
36
Prototype
A best example or best representative of a category (concept)
37
Exemplar
An actual memory of a specific object
38
Theory-based
An explanation for concept formation that suggests our classifications are based on ideas about the world that we create to make sense of things
39
Schemas (singular, schema)
Basic structures for organizing information; concepts
40
Story grammar
Typical structure or organization for a category of stories
41
Episodic memory
Long-term memory for information tied to a particular time and place, especially memory of the events in a person's life
42
Flashbulb memories
Clear vivid memories of emotionally important events in your life
43
Procedural memory
Long-term memory for how to do things
44
Script
Schema or expected plan for the sequence of steps in a common event such as buying groceries or ordering pizza
45
Productions
The contents of procedural memory; rules about what actions to take, given certain conditions
46
Priming
Activating a concept in memory or the spread of activation from one concept to another
47
Elaboration
Adding and extending meaning by connecting new information to existing knowledge
48
Organization
Ordered logical network of relations
49
Context
The total setting or situation that surrounds and interacts with a person or event. It includes internal and external circumstances and situations that interact with the individual's thoughts, feelings, and actions to shape development and learning
50
Levels of processing theory
Theory that recall of information is based on how deeply it is processed
51
Spreading activation
Retrieval of pieces of information based on their relatedness to one another. Remembering one bit of information activates (stimulates) recall of associated information
52
Retrieval
Process of searching for and finding information in long-term memory
53
Reconstruction
Recreating information by using memories, expectations, logic, and existing knowledge
54
Mnemonics
Techniques for remembering; the art of memory
55
Loci method
Technique of associating items with specific places
56
Acronym
Technique for remembering by using the first letter of each word in a phrase to form a new, memorable word
57
Chain mnemonics
Memory strategies that associate one element in a series with the next element
58
Keyword method
System of associating new words or concepts with similar sounding cue words and images
59
Rote memorization
Remembering information by repetition without necessarily understanding the meaning of the information
60
Serial-position effect
The tendency to remember the beginning and the end, but not the middle of the list
61
Part learning
Breaking a list of items into shorter lists
62
Distributed practice
Practice in brief periods with rest intervals
63
Massed practice
Practice for a single extended period
64
Automated basic skill
Skill that is applied without conscious thought
65
Domain-specific strategies
Consciously applied skills to reach goals in a particular subject or problem

Educational Psychology (6 decks)

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