Woolfolk Ch 9 Vocab

Question 1

Executive control processes

Answer 1

Processes such as selective attention, rehearsal, elaboration and organization that influence encoding, storage, and retrieval of information in memory

Question 2

Metacognition

Answer 2

Knowledge about our own thinking processes

Question 3

KWL

Answer 3

A strategy to guide reading and inquiry: Before�What do I already know? What do I want to know? After�what have I learned?

Question 4

Learning strategies

Answer 4

A special kind of procedural knowledge�knowing how to approach learning tasks

Question 5

Concept map

Answer 5

A drawing that charts the relationships among ideas

Question 6

Cmaps

Answer 6

Tools for concept mapping developed by the Institute for Human and Machine Cognition that are connected to many knowledge maps and other resources on the internet

Question 7

Production deficiencies

Answer 7

Failing to activate a learning strategy�a production�when it is appropriate and useful to use the strategy

Question 8

LINCS Vocabulary strategy

Answer 8

A strategy that uses stories and imagery to help students learn how to identify, organize, define, and remember words and their meanings

Question 9

Problem

Answer 9

Any situation in which you are trying to reach some goal and must find the means to do so

Question 10

Problem solving

Answer 10

Creating new solutions for problems

Question 11

Schema driven problem solving

Answer 11

Recognizing a problem as a “disguised” version of an old problem for which one already has a solution

Question 12

Algorithm

Answer 12

Step-by-step procedure for solving a problem; prescription for solutions

Question 13

Heuristic

Answer 13

General strategy used in attempting to solve problems

Question 14

Means-end analysis

Answer 14

Heuristic in which a goal is divided into sub goals

Question 15

Working-backward strategy

Answer 15

Heuristic in which one starts with the goal and moves backward to solve the problem

Question 16

Analogical thinking

Answer 16

Heuristic in which one limits the search for solutions to situations that are similar to the one at hand

Question 17

Verbalization

Answer 17

Putting your problem-solving plan and its logic into words

Question 18

Functional fixedness

Answer 18

inability to use objects or tools in a new way

Question 19

Response set

Answer 19

Rigidity; the tendency to respond in the most familiar way

Question 20

Representiveness heuristic

Answer 20

Judging the likelihood of an event based on how well the events match your prototype�what you think is representative of the category

Question 21

Availability heuristic

Answer 21

Judging the likelihood of an event based on what is available in your memory, assuming those easily remembered events are common

Question 22

Belief perseverance

Answer 22

The tendency to hold on to beliefs, even in the face of contradictory evidence

Question 23

Confirmation bias

Answer 23

Seeking information that confirms our choices and beliefs, while disconfirming evidence

Question 24

Creativity

Answer 24

Imaginative, original thinking or problem solving

Question 25

Divergent thinking

Answer 25

Coming up with many possible solutions

Question 26

Convergent thinking

Answer 26

Narrowing possibilities to a single answer

Question 27

Restructuring

Answer 27

Conceiving of a problem in a new or different way

Question 28

Insight

Answer 28

Sudden realization of a solution; the ability to deal effectively with novel situations

Question 29

Brainstorming

Answer 29

Generating ideas without stopping to evaluate them

Question 30

Critical thinking

Answer 30

Evaluating conclusions by logically and systematically examining the problem, the evidence, and the solution

Question 31

Argumentation

Answer 31

The process of debating a claim with someone else

Question 32

Transfer

Answer 32

Influence of previously learned material on new material; the productive (not reproductive) use of cognitive tools and motivations

Question 33

Overlearning

Answer 33

Practicing a skill past the point of mastery