Words 5 Flashcards
1 if you ___________ an official position, title, right etc, you publicly say that you will not keep it any more [= give up
2 to publicly say or show that you no longer believe in something, or will no longer behave in a particular way [= reje
re‧nounce [transitive]
1 Edward renounced his claim to the French throne.
She renounced her citizenship.
2 These groups must renounce violence if there is to be progress towards peace.
Young people renounced capitalism in favour of peace and love.
1 earth [uncountable]
a) the surface of the earth
b) the soil on and under the surface of the
2 area of land
a) [uncountable] an area of land without buildings, fences, woods etc
b) [countable] British English also __________s[plural] especially American English
an area of land or sea that is used for a particular purpose
3 reason
_______s[ plural] a good reason for doing, believing, or saying something
4 subject [uncountable]
a subject or area of knowledge
5 opinion [uncountable]
a general opinion or set of attitudes
6 sport [countable] British English
the place where a particular sport is played [↪ stadium
7 hold/stand your ______
a) to stay where you are when someone threatens you, in order to show them that you are not afraid
b) to refuse to change your mind about something, even though people are opposing you
8 get off the ______
to start to be successful
9 gain ______
a) to become more successful
b) if an idea, belief etc gains ______, more people start to accept it
c) to get closer to someone or something that you are competing with
10 lose ______
to become less successful compared with someone or something you are competing with
11 breeding/fertile/proving ______
a situation in which something develops quickly or successfully
12 burn/raze something to the ______
to destroy a city, building etc completely by fire, bombs etc
13 work/drive/run yourself into the ______
to work so hard that you become very tired or ill
14 on the ______
in the place or situation where something important is happening, rather than somewhere else - used especially in news reports
15 stamping ______ British English stomping ______American English informal
someone’s stamping ______ is an area where they are known or have a lot of influence
16 electrical [singular] American English
a wire that connects a piece of electrical equipment to the ______ for safety [= earth British English]
17 ______s [plural]
small pieces of solid material that sink to the bottom of a liquid
18 go to ______ British English to
make it hard for people to find you
19 run somebody/something to ______ British English to succeed in finding someone or something after a long search
20 ___________[countable] technical
the colour used as the ___________ for a design
ground
1
a) the ground
The leaves were slowly fluttering to the ground.
He lay on the ground and stared up at the sky.
The ground was frozen solid.
above/below/under ground
At night, badgers feed above ground.
These youngsters work 70 metres below ground level.
A raised platform stood 2 metres off the ground.
The air raids were followed by military action on the ground (=on land).
ground troops (=soldiers who fight on land)
b) Dig the ground over in the autumn.
Plant the seeds 2 cm deep in the ground.
The ground was dry, far too dry for growing corn.
2
a) The landscape is a mixture of open ground and woodland.
They were standing on the waste ground (=land in a town that is not being used) behind the car park.
b) [countable] British English also grounds [plural]especially American English
fishing grounds
parade/hunting/burial etc ground
These fields served as a hunting ground for the local people.
The rivers are used as dumping grounds for industrial waste.
He is buried in sacred ground.
➔ playground (1)
3 grounds for (doing) something
Mental cruelty can be grounds for divorce.
There are strong grounds for believing his statement.
have grounds to do something
Did the police have reasonable grounds to arrest him?
on moral/legal/medical etc grounds
The proposal was rejected on environmental grounds.
on (the) grounds of something
Flying was ruled out on grounds of cost.
‘You’re under arrest.’ ‘On what grounds?’
on the grounds that
We oppose the bill, on the grounds that it discriminates against women.
4 At meetings, we just keep going over the same ground (=talking about the same things).
His latest movie looks set to break new ground (=introduce new and exciting ideas).
familiar/home ground (=a subject etc that you know something about)
In his latest book, McManus returns to more familiar ground.
5 Often parents and teenagers find they have little common ground (=they do not share the same attitudes etc).
the middle/centre ground (=opinions that are not extreme that most people would agree with)
Both parties are battling to occupy the centre ground.
Careful, Laura. You could be treading on dangerous ground (=expressing opinions etc that might offend someone).
Each side was unwilling to give ground (=change their opinion).
6 a new football ground
It’s their first defeat at their home ground (=the ground that belongs to a particular team) all season.
7 hold/stand your ground
a) The men threatened him, but he stood his ground and they fled.
b) Jason vowed to stand his ground, even if it meant losing his job.
8 Her show never really got off the ground in the UK.
9 gain ground
a) It was feared that the extreme right would gain ground in the election.
b) His theories gradually gained ground among academics.
10 lose ground
The Indian team seem determined to regain the ground they lost in the last game.
11 breeding/fertile/proving ground
The region, with its widespread poverty, provided fertile ground for revolutionary activitists.
prepare/lay the ground (=to provide the situation or conditions in which something can develop successfully)
breeding/fertile/proving ground for
My task was to prepare the ground for the recruitment of support workers.
12 burn/raze something to the ground
The city of Tortona was burnt to the ground.
13 work/drive/run yourself into the ground
Kay’s working herself into the ground trying to meet her deadlines.
14 on the ground
While the politicians talk of peace, the situation on the ground remains tense.
15 stamping ground British English
stomping ground American English informal
I guess he’ll try to reach his old stomping ground to drum up support.
17 grounds [plural]
coffee grounds
18 go to ground British English
The man has gone to ground since his photograph was published in a national newspaper.
19 run somebody/something to ground British English
20background [countable] technical the colour used as the background for a design
formal the state of being or feeling certain about something
cer‧ti‧tude [uncountable]
OPP incertitude
1 to improve and reach the same standard as other people in your class, group etc
2 to come from behind and reach someone in front of you by going faster
3 to do what needs to be done because you have not been able to do it until now
4 to spend time finding out what has been happening while you have been away or during the time you have not seen someone
5 be/get ______ __ __ something
to be or get involved in something, especially something bad
_____ __ ____ somebody phrasal verb
1 to finally find someone who has been doing something illegal and punish them
2 if something bad from the past catches up with you, you cannot avoid dealing with it any longer
catch up phrasal verb
1 If you miss a lot of classes, it’s very difficult to catch up.
catch up with
At the moment our technology is more advanced, but other countries are catching up with us.
2 catch up with
Drive faster - they’re catching up with us.
catch somebody up British English
You go on ahead. I’ll catch you up in a minute.
3 catch up on
I have some work to catch up on.
I need to catch up on some sleep (=after a period without enough sleep).
4 catch up on
When I got home I phoned Jo to catch up on all the gossip.
I’ll leave you two alone - I’m sure you’ve got a lot of catching up to do.
5 be/get caught up in something
I didn’t want to get caught up in endless petty arguments.
catch up with somebody phrasal verb
1 It took six years for the law to catch up with them.
2 At the end of the movie his murky past catches up with him.
1 formal a _______ article, book etc is important, and influences the way things develop in the future
2 [only before noun] technical producing or containing semen
sem‧i‧nal
1 a seminal study of eighteenth-century France
not sure whether you want or like something or not
am‧biv‧a‧lent
ambivalent about
We are both somewhat ambivalent about having a child.
ambivalent attitude/feelings etc
—ambivalence noun [singular, uncountable]
O’Neill had a genuine ambivalence toward US involvement in the war.
—ambivalently adverb
formal
coming into existence or starting to develop
nas‧cent [usually before noun] formal
the country’s nascent democracy
their nascent industries
1 [intransitive and transitive] to say something in order to try to prove that what someone said was not true or as a reply to something
2 [transitive] to do something in order to prevent something bad from happening or to reduce its bad effects
counter
1 ‘I could ask the same thing of you,’ she countered.
counter an argument/an allegation/a criticism etc
He was determined to counter the bribery allegations.
2 Exercise helps to counter the effects of stress.
1 British English an area of a country that elects a representative to a
2 [also + plural verb British English] the people who live and vote in a particular area
3 any group that supports or is likely to support a politician or a political party
con‧sti‧tu‧en‧cy plural constituencies [countable]
1 British English an
a rural constituency
constituency boundaries
He represents the Essex constituency of Epping Forest.
3 The trade unions were no longer the constituency of the Labour Party alone.
making you feel healthy and giving you a lot of energy
in‧vig‧o‧ra‧ting
an invigorating swim before breakfast
1 to play a _____ that beats someone else’s card in a game
2 to do better than someone else in a situation when people are competing with each other
_____something ↔ __ phrasal verb
to use false information to make someone seem guilty of doing something wrong
trump [transitive]
2 By wearing a simple but stunning dress, she had trumped them all.
trump something ↔ up phrasal verb
They had trumped the whole thing up to get rid of him.
—trumped-up adjective:
Dissidents were routinely arrested on trumped-up charges.
the organ in your body in which bile is stored
gall bladder [countable]
1 a bitter green-brown liquid formed in the liver, which helps you to digest fats
2 literary anger and hatred
bile [uncountable]
unwilling to talk about what you feel or what you know [= reserved]
ret‧i‧cent
reticent about
She’s strangely reticent about her son.
—reticence noun [uncountable]
1 [intransitive,transitive usually passive]
to put something firmly and deeply into something else, or to be put into something in this way
2 [transitive usually passive] if ideas, attitudes, or feelings etc are __________ed, you believe or feel them very strongly
3 [transitive] to put something such as a graphic into a computer program or page on the Internet
em‧bed past tense and past participle embedded, present participle embedding
1 be embedded in something
A piece of glass was embedded in her hand.
2 Feelings of guilt are deeply embedded in her personality.
formal to mention something or someone indirectly
al‧lude
allude to somebody/something phrasal verb
formal
Rick didn’t want to discuss his past, though he alluded darkly to ‘some bad things that happened.’
1 to give or leave something to people who will live after you
2 ____ ____ a decision/ruling/sentence etc
to officially announce a decision, punishment etc
hand something ↔ down phrasal verb
1 hand something ↔ down to
The ring was handed down to her from her grandmother.
stories handed down by word of mouth
➔ hand-me-down
2 hand down a decision/ruling/sentence etc
zona vidchuzhennya
the Exclusion Zone
1 social group
a) [ countable ] one of the groups in a society that different types of people are divided into according to their jobs, income, education etc
b) [ uncountable ] the system in which people are divided into these groups
2 students [ C, also + plural verb British English ]
a) a group of students who are taught together
b) American English a group of students who finished studying together in the same year
3 teaching period [ uncountable and countable ] a period of time during which someone teaches a group of people, especially in a school SYN lesson British English
4 studying [ countable ] a series of _______es in a particular subject SYN course British English
5 same type of something [ countable ] a group of people, animals, or things that are considered together because they are similar in some way
6 train/aircraft etc [ countable usually singular ] one of the different standards of seats, food etc available on a train, aircraft etc
7 quality [ countable ] a group into which people or things are divided according to their quality or abilities
8 style/skill [ uncountable ] informal a high level of style or skill in something → _______y
9 university degree [ countable ] British English one of the three levels of a university degree
class 1 S1 W1 / klɑs $ klæs / noun
1 social group
a) a member of the landed class (= people who own land ) → lower class , middle class , upper class , working class , → the chattering classes at chatter 1 ( 4 )
b) Defining the concept of class is not an easy task. The old class system is slowly disappearing.
2 students [ C, also + plural verb British English ]
a) → classmate
in a class
We’re in the same class for math. Gary came top of the class in English. My class are going to the Lake District.
b) American English → classmate :
a class reunion the class of 1965/2001 etc (= the group of students who finished in 1965 etc )
The class of ‘69 spent almost as much time protesting as learning.
3 teaching period [ uncountable and countable ]
SYN lesson British English :
I missed Bible class last week.
in class (= during the class ) No talking in class! He was injured in a science class.
4 studying [ countable ] SYN course British English
class in a class in photography at night school
a dance class
Cindy’s taking a class on dealing with stress.
5 same type of something [ countable ]
class of Have you passed a test for this class of vehicle?
6 train/aircraft etc [ countable usually singular ]
first/business/tourist etc class We always travel first class.
7 quality [ countable ]
nicer/better etc class of something The port now attracts a wealthier class of visitor.
in a class of its own/in a different class (= better than everything else )
Its sheer versatility puts this computer in a different class.
He’s not in the same class (= not as good ) as her at tennis.
8 style/skill [ uncountable ] informal → classy
have/show class The team showed real class in this afternoon’s match. A fountain will give your garden a touch of class .
class player/actress etc
a class act informal (= someone who is skilful, attractive etc ) Laughton is a class act who’s proved his worth in the game. → high-class , low-class
9 university degree [ countable ] British English a second class degree
COLLOCATIONS adjectives social class Is there a link between crime and social class? the working/lower class At this time most of the working class was very poor. the middle class A new middle class emerged after the war. the upper class Members of the upper class didn’t have to work. the ruling class (= the people in power ) For a long time, French was the language of the ruling class. the professional class (= the people with professional jobs ) Doctors, lawyers, and teachers are all members of the professional class. the landowning/landed class (= the people who own land ) This imposition of taxes angered the landed classes. the educated class The educated classes shared certain values and experiences. the privileged class (= people with advantages because of their wealth, social position etc ) Holidays abroad used to be only for the rich and privileged classes.
verbs belong to a class Like you, I belong to the working class. be a member of a class I suppose I’m a member of the middle class.
class + NOUN a class system/structure (= a social system that has classes ) He felt he was a victim of the class system. a class division Nowadays, class divisions are related to economic status. class differences (= differences that exist because of your class ) There are noticeable class differences in family size. the class struggle/war (= disagreement or fighting between different classes ) the class struggle between workers and capitalists class conflict This is the basis of class conflict in capitalist society. class consciousness (= being aware of what class people belong to ) There is a high level of class consciousness among the workers.
COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + class
a French/geography/history etc class I have a history class at nine o'clock today. an evening class Mum goes to an evening class on Tuesdays. a beginners’/elementary/intermediate/advanced class (= teaching different levels of a subject ) An advanced class might be available.
verbs go to/attend a class I’ve got to go to a science class now. attend class (= go to classes regularly ) You can’t pass your exams if you don’t attend class. take a class (= go to classes as a student ) I’m taking some art classes at the moment. teach a class One of the other teachers was ill so I taught her class. miss a class (= not go to one ) Students who miss classes get behind with their work. be late for class David was late for class again. have a class especially American English (= as a student or teacher ) What classes do you have this morning? hold a class (= provide a class ) Evening classes are held in the local school.
1 standard
a particular level of quality that a product, material etc
2 rank
a particular level of job
3 mark in school
a mark that a student is given for their work or for an examination
4 make the _____ to succeed or reach the necessary standard
5 school year
one of the 12 years that students are at school in the American school system, or the students in a particular year → year
6 slope
American English a slope or a degree of slope, especially in a road or railway SYN gradient British English
grade 1 S2 W3 AC / ɡreɪd / noun [ countable ]
1 standard
The best grades of tea are expensive.
industrial grade diamonds
high/low grade
low grade products
2 rank
There are lots of jobs in junior grades.
3 mark in school
He got a grade A in maths.
Tim worked hard and got good grades.
4 make the grade
What does it take to make the grade as a top golfer?
5 school year
second/eleventh etc grade
My brother is in sixth grade.
a fifth-grade teacher
6 slope American English SYN gradient British English
COLLOCATIONS
adjectives
good If you study hard, you get good grades, and you get into good schools.
bad If you get a bad grade, Mrs. Miller will help you until you can do better.
high She got high grades in all her science subjects.
low These boys receive low grades because they fail to turn in assignments.
the top grade Ted got the top grade in his A-level maths exam.
grade + NOUN
grade A/B/C etc. BrE: Applicants must have Grade A, B, or C in two GCSE subjects.
verbs
get a grade He had always gotten good grades.
achieve a grade BrE: Rick had achieved good exam grades.
1 12 months
a period of about 365 days or 12 months, measured from any particular time
2 january to december ( also calendar ____) a period of 365 or 366 days divided into 12 months beginning on January 1st and ending on December 31st
3 ____s
a) informal a very long period of time SYN
b) age, especially old age
4 all (the) ____ round during the whole
5 ____ by ____ as each year passes
6 ____ after ____ /____ in, ____ out every ____ for many ____
7 period of life/history
____s [ plural ] a particular period of time in someone’s life or in history
8 the school/academic ____
the time within a period of 12 months when students are studying at a school or university
9 school/university level
especially British English a particular level that a student stays at for one ____
10 first/second etc ____ British English
someone who is in their first etc year at school or university
11 musician/player/car etc of the ____
the musician etc who was voted the best in a particular ____
12 ____ on ____ compared with the previous year
13 never/not in a million ____s spoken used to say that something is extremely unlikely
14 the ____ dot British English informal a very long time ago
15 put ____s on somebody/take ____s off somebody to make someone look or feel older or younger
year S1 W1 / jɪə, jɜ $ jɪr / noun [ countable ]
1 I arrived here two years ago. We’ve known each other for over a year. It’s almost a year since Sue died. Jodi is 15 years old. a three-year business plan a four-year-old child be 12/21 etc years of age (= be 12/21 etc years old ) → financial year , fiscal year , light year , tax year
2 the year that Kennedy died
in the year 1785
this/last/next year
They moved here at the beginning of this year.
last year’s cup final
She goes there every year.
The museum attracts 100,000 visitors a year.
in the early years of last century → leap year , new year
3 years
a) informal
It’s years since I rode a bike.
in/for years
I haven’t been there for years.
It was the first time in years I’d seen her.
b) a man/woman/person etc of his/her etc years
Gordon is very active for a man of his years.
getting on in years (= no longer young )
4 all (the) year round It’s warm enough to swim all year round. → year-round
5 year by year
Business has steadily increased year by year.
6 year after year/year in, year out
Many birds return to the same spot year after year.
7 years [ plural ]
the difficult years following the war
Sheila enjoyed her years as a student in Oxford.
8 the school/academic year
9 school/university level especially British English
a group of year seven students
in a year
He was in my year at school.
10 first/second etc year British English
The department offers a study skills programme for all first years.
11 musician/player/car etc of the year
vote/name something … of the year
The new Renault was voted car of the year.
12 year on year
Sales rose by 39 per cent year on year.
13 never/not in a million years spoken
Never in a million years did I think we’d lose.
14 the year dot British English informal
Scientists have been involved in war since the year dot .
15 put years on somebody/take years off somebody Tina’s divorce has put years on her.
→ donkey’s years at donkey ( 2 )
COLLOCATIONS
adjectives
this year She will be eight this year.
next year I might go to law school next year.
last year Last year we spent a lot on the house.
every year They go back to the same resort every year.
the current year The budget for the current year was £13 million.
the coming year (= the year that is about to start ) Here are some events to look out for in the coming year.
the past year Over the past year everyone has worked extremely hard.
the previous year They had married the previous year.
the following year The following year he was made captain of the team.
the new year (= used to talk about the beginning of the next year ) The report is due at the beginning of the new year.
phrases
the beginning/start of the year They moved here at the beginning of last year.
the end of the year Work should finish around the end of the year.
COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + years
early years Little is known about his early years. | He remembers the early years of television.
the last/latter/closing years of something He changed his opinion during the last years of his life.
somebody’s childhood/teenage years the home in which she spent her childhood years
the war years She worked for the BBC during the war years.
the boom years (= when an economy or industry is very successful ) In the boom years, things weren’t too bad.
somebody’s retirement years He enjoyed his retirement years in Wales.
the Bush/Blair etc years (= when Bush, Blair etc was leader ) The rich did very nicely during the Thatcher years.
phrases
in recent years The number of cases has risen dramatically in recent years.
in later years In later years he regretted their argument.
in years gone by (= in the past ) The old fort defended the island in years gone by.
COMMON ERRORS
► Do not say ‘in ancient years’ or ‘in the ancient years’ . Say in ancient times or long ago .
1 group/organization [ transitive ]
to become a member of an organization, society, or group
2 activity [ transitive ]
to begin to take part in an activity that other people are involved in
3 go to somebody [ transitive ]
to go somewhere in order to be with someone or do something with them
4 do something together [ intransitive and transitive ]
to do something together with someone else, or as a group
5 connect
a) [ transitive ] to connect or fasten things together
b) [ intransitive and transitive ] if two roads, rivers etc ____ , they come together and become connected at a particular point
6 ____ a queue British English , ____ a line American English
to go and stand at the end of a line of people
7 ____ hands
if people ____ hands, they hold each other’s hands
8 ____ the club spoken
used to say that you and a lot of other people are in the same situation
9 ____ battle formal
to begin fighting
10 be _____ed in marriage/holy matrimony formal
to be married
11 be ____ed at the hip informal
if two people are ____ed at the hip, they are always together and are very friendly – often used to show disapproval
join 1 S1 W1 / dʒɔɪn / verb
1 When did you join the Labour Party?
I decided to join the army.
You can enjoy a sport without joining a club or belonging to a team.
2 Many sacrificed their weekend to join the hunt for the missing girl.
the benefits of joining our pension scheme
Church leaders have joined the campaign to end foxhunting.
3 She joined her aunt in the sitting room.
The immigrants were soon joined by their wives and children. ► Do not say ‘join with’ someone. Join is always followed by an object in this sense : I’ll join you later.
4 join somebody for something
I invited them to join us for a glass of wine.
join (with) somebody in doing something
I’m sure you’ll all join me in thanking today’s speaker.
join (with) somebody to do something
Parents have joined with health experts to produce a video for bereaved families.
join together
Three police forces have joined together to buy a helicopter.
5 connect
a) Join the two pieces of wood with strong glue.
join something to something
The island is joined to the mainland by a causeway.
b) Finally, we arrived at Dartmouth, where the River Dart joins the sea.
the point where the two roads join
6 join a queue British English , join a line American English
He went in and joined the queue for the toilets.
7 join hands
They joined hands and danced round and round.
8 join the club
‘I’m having difficulty knowing what today’s debate is about.’ ‘Join the club, Geoffrey.’
9 join battle formal to begin fighting
10 be joined in marriage/holy matrimony formal
11 be joined at the hip informal
→ join/combine forces at force 1 ( 10 ) , → if you can’t beat ‘em, join ‘em at beat 1 ( 23 )
THESAURUS Meaning 5
to join things together
join to make two things come together and stay in that position. Join is used about fixing two things together permanently, so that they form a single thing : Doctors used a metal rod to join the two pieces of bone together.
attach to join one thing to another, so that it stays in position. Attach is often used when you can separate the two things later : She attached the photo to the letter with a paper clip. | The boards are attached with nails. | On the wall, attached with adhesive tape, was a New York City subway map.
connect ( also connect up ) to join pieces of equipment together, especially with a wire or pipe, so that electricity, gas, water etc can pass from one to another : Have you connected up the speakers to the stereo? | The hoses that connect the radiator to the engine are leaking.
link ( also link up ) to connect machines, systems, computers etc, so that electronic signals can pass from one to another : All the office PCs are linked to the main server.
1 join things [ transitive ]
to join two or more things together
2 relationship [ transitive ]
to realize or show that a fact, event, or person is related to something
3 electricity/telephone etc [ intransitive and transitive ]
to join something to the main supply of electricity, gas, or water, or to a telephone or computer network OPP dis_______
4 transport [ intransitive ]
if one train, flight etc _______s with another, it arrives just before the other one leaves so that you can continue your journey
5 telephones [ transitive ]
to join two telephone lines so that two people can speak
6 hit something [ intransitive ]
to succeed in hitting someone or something
7 understand people [ intransitive ]
especially American English
if people connect, they feel that they like each other and understand each other
con‧nect S2 W2 / kənekt / verb
1 connect something to/with something
The railway link would connect Felixstowe with Fishguard.
Connect the speakers to the CD player.
We’d like two rooms with connecting doors (= doors that join the rooms ) .
2 relationship [ transitive ]
I didn’t connect the two events in my mind.
connect somebody/something with something
There is no evidence to connect them with the attack.
3 electricity/telephone etc [ intransitive and transitive ] OPP disconnect
connect to
Click here to connect to the Internet.
Has the phone been connected yet?
The power supply should be connected by a qualified electrician.
4 transport [ intransitive ]
I missed the connecting flight .
connect with/to
This train connects with the one to Glasgow.
From Toronto you can connect to all other Air Canada destinations.
5 telephones [ transitive ]
Please hold the line. I’m trying to connect you.
6 hit something [ intransitive ]
He swung at the ball, but didn’t connect.
7 understand people [ intransitive ] especially American English
connect with
They valued her ability to empathize and connect with others.
[ intransitive and transitive ] if different people or organizations _____, or if something _______s them, they join together in order to achieve something → union
u‧nite / junaɪt / verb
→ union :
Our goal is to unite the opposition parties and defeat the President.
unite against/behind
Party members united behind their leader.
unite to do something
In 1960, the regions united to form the Somali Republic.
1 be ____ed
if two things are ____ed, they are related in some way
2 make connection [ transitive ]
to make a connection between two or more things or people
3 join [ transitive ]
to physically join two or more things, people, or places SYN connect
4 show connection [ transitive ]
to show or say that there is a connection between two people, situations, or things
5 make something depend on something [ transitive ]
to make one thing or situation depend on another thing or situation
6 [ transitive ] ( also ___ up )
to connect computers, broadcast systems etc, so that electronic messages can be sent between them
link 1 S3 W2 AC / lɪŋk / verb
1 be linked
Police think the murders are linked.
be linked to/with something
Some birth defects are linked to smoking during pregnancy.
be closely/directly/strongly etc linked
Our economy is inextricably linked with America’s.
2 make connection [ transitive ]
A love of nature links the two poets.
link something/somebody to/with something
Exactly how do we link words to objects?
link somebody/something together
Strong family ties still linked them together.
3 join [ transitive ] SYN connect
link something/somebody to/with something
The pipe must be linked to the cold water supply.
link somebody/something together
The climbers were linked together by ropes.
link something and something
A long bridge links Venice and the mainland.
He walked with her, linking arms (= putting his arm around her arm ) .
4 link something/somebody to/with something
He denied reports linking him to Colombian drug dealers.
5 link something to something
Pay increases will now be linked to performance. → index-linked
6 link something to/with something
Local terminals are linked to the central computer.
1 idea [ countable ]
a single fact, idea, or opinion that is part of an argument or discussion
2 main meaning/idea
the _____
the most important fact or idea
3 purpose [ uncountable ]
the purpose or aim of something
4 place [ countable ]
a particular place or position
5 in time/development [ countable ]
an exact moment, time, or stage in the development of something
6 quality/feature [ countable usually plural ]
a particular quality or feature that something or someone has
7 games/sport [ countable ]
one of the marks or numbers that shows your score in a game or sport
8 sharp end [ countable ]
a sharp end of something
9 boiling _____ /freezing _____ /melting _____ etc
the temperature at which something boils, freezes, melts etc
10 the _____ of no return
a stage in a process or activity when it becomes impossible to stop it or do something different
11 _____ of departure
an idea which you use to start a discussion
12 be on the _____ of (doing) something
to be going to do something very soon :
13 up to a _____
partly, but not completely
14 to the _____
dealing only with the important subject or idea, and not including any unnecessary discussions
15 make a _____ of doing something
to do something deliberately, even when it involves making a special effort
16 when/if it comes to the _____ British English
used to talk about what happens when someone is in a difficult situation and has to make a difficult decision
17 in _____ of fact formal
used when saying that something is true, although it may seem unlikely
18 not to put too fine a _____ on it especially British English
used when you are saying something in a very direct way
19 numbers [ countable ] a sign (.) used to separate a whole number from any decimal s that follow it
20 measure on a scale [ countable ]
a mark or measure on a scale
21 small spot [ countable ]
a very small spot of light or colour
22 direction [ countable ]
one of the marks on a compass that shows direction
23 piece of land [ countable ]
a long thin piece of land that stretches out into the sea
24 electricity [ countable ] British English
a piece of plastic with holes in it which is attached to a wall and to which electrical equipment can be connected
25 railways
_____s [ plural ] British English
a piece of railway track that can be moved to allow a train to cross over from one track to another
point 1 S1 W1 / pɔɪnt / noun
1 That’s a very interesting point.
She made some extremely good points.
There are three important points we must bear in mind.
This brings me to my next point.
point about
I agree with John’s point about keeping the costs down.
2 The point is , at least we’re all safely back home.
Nobody knows exactly how it works. That’s the whole point .
He may not have stolen the money himself, but that’s not the point .
I wish you’d get to the point (= talk about the most important thing ) .
I’ll come straight to the point (= talk about the most important thing first ) .
I need to find out who killed Alf, and more to the point (= what is more important ) I need to do it before anyone else gets killed.
We all like him, but that’s beside the point (= not the most important thing ) .
I think you’ve missed the point (= you have not understood the most important thing ) .
3 I suppose we could save one or two of the trees, but what’s the point ?
point of
What’s the point of this meeting anyway?
The whole point of this legislation is to protect children.
There’s no point in worrying.
We’re going to lose anyway, so I can’t see the point of playing.
I didn’t see the point in moving to London.
4 The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1.
No cars are allowed beyond this point.
a border crossing point
Cairo is a convenient departure point for tours.
Dover is a point of entry into Britain.
5 I had reached a point in my career where I needed to decide which way to go.
She had got to the point where she felt that she could not take any more.
Their win over old rivals Manchester United was the high point (= best part ) in their season.
Sales reached a low point in 1996.
We will take last week’s riots as a starting point for our discussion.
At one point , I thought he was going to burst into tears.
Maybe at this point we should move onto some of the practical experiments.
At that point , I was still living at home and had no job.
You will probably sell the car at some point in the future.
It is impossible to give a definite answer at this point in time .
Some children are bullied to the point of suicide (= until they reach this stage ) .
6 sb’s/sth’s good/bad points
Sometimes she had to remind herself of his good points.
point of
They would spend hours discussing the finer points (= small details about qualities and features ) of various cars.
The low price is one of its main selling points (= features that will help to sell it ) .
Driving was not one of Baxter’s strong points .
One of the club’s plus points is that it is central.
There were some weak points in his argument.
7 He is three points behind the leader.
Leeds United are now six points clear at the top of the table.
She had to win this point .
You get three points for a win and one point for a draw.
You lose a point if you do not complete the puzzle on time.
The fight went the full fifteen rounds, and in the end the American won on points .
8 the sharp point of a spear
9 boiling point/freezing point/melting point etc
Heat the water until it reaches boiling point.
10 the point of no return
reach/pass the point of no return
I was aware that we had passed the point of no return.
11 point of departure
He takes the idea of personal freedom as his point of departure.
12 be on the point of (doing) something
I was on the point of giving up the search when something caught my eye in the bushes.
The country’s economy is on the point of collapse.
13 up to a point
I agree with you up to a point.
That is true, but only up to a point.
14 to the point
Her comments were brief and to the point.
15 make a point of doing something
He made a point of spending Saturdays with his children.
I always make a point of being early.
16 when/if it comes to the point British English
I’m sure that if it came to the point, he would do what is expected of him.
17 in point of fact formal
We were assured that the prisoners were being well treated, when in point of fact they were living in terrible conditions.
18 not to put too fine a point on it especially British English
She’s lying, not to put too fine a point on it.
20 The stock market has fallen by over 200 points in the last week.
21 The stars shone like points of light in the sky.
22 Soldiers were advancing on us from all points of the compass.
23 We sailed round the point into a small, sheltered bay.
24 a telephone point
an electrical point
25 The train rattled over the points.
→ pointe
1 a small round mark or spot
2 on the ___ informal
exactly on time or at a particular time
3 something that looks like a small spot because it is so far away
4 a short sound or flash of light used when sending messages by Morse code
dot 1 S2 / dɒt $ dɑt / noun [ countable ]
1 a pattern of dots 2 on the dot informal I’ll be there on the dot. at three o'clock/seven thirty etc on the dot (= at exactly 3:00/7:30 etc ) Mr Green arrived at six on the dot .
3 The plane was just a dot on the horizon .
4 code → dash
→ the year dot at year ( 13 )
1 place
a particular place or area, especially a pleasant place where you spend time
2 area
a usually round area on a surface that is a different colour or is rougher, smoother etc than the rest SYN patch
4 on skin
a) a small round red area on someone’s skin that shows that they are ill
b) British English a small raised red mark on someone’s skin, especially on their face SYN pimple
5 on the ____
a) if you do something on the ____, you do it immediately, often without thinking about it very carefully → on-the
b) if you are on the ____, you are in the place where something is
c) British English if you walk, run, or jump on the ____, you do it staying in the same place, without moving around SYN in place American English
6 put somebody on the ____
to deliberately ask someone a question that is difficult or embarrassing to answer
7 tv/radio
a short period of time when someone can speak or perform on radio or television
8 position
a position in a list of things or in a competition
9 weak ____
a) a point at which someone or something is not very good
b) American English if someone has a weak ____ for something, they like it very much
10 tight ____ informal
a difficult situation
11 bright ____ something
that is good in a bad situation
12 a ____ of something British English informal
a small amount of something
13 ____s of rain British English
a few drops of rain
14 five-____ /ten-____ etc American English spoken
a piece of paper money worth five dollars, ten dollars etc
spot 1 S2 W2 / spɒt $ spɑt / noun [ countable ]
1 a nice quiet spot on the beach
I chose a spot well away from the road.
in a spot
a small cottage in an idyllic spot
on a spot
Why do they want to build a house on this particular spot?
the exact/same/very spot
the exact spot where the king was executed
spot for
an ideal spot for a picnic
2 a white cat with brown spots
spot of
Two spots of colour appeared in Jill’s cheeks.
3 There was a big damp spot on the wall.
spot of
a few spots of blood
4 a) He had a high fever and was covered in spots.
b) British English
Becka was very self-conscious about her spots.
5 on the spot
a) He had to make a decision on the spot.
b) We ought to find out the views of the people on the spot.
c) British English
If running outside doesn’t appeal, try jogging on the spot indoors.
6 put somebody on the spot
7 He was given a 30-second spot just after the news.
a guest spot on ‘The Tonight Show’
8 The budget has a regular spot on the agenda.
in a spot
Manchester United are still in the top spot after today’s win.
9 a) I carried on with my questions, sensing a weak spot in his story.
b) American English
I’ve always had a weak spot for chocolate.
10 tight spot informal
This puts the chairman in a very tight spot .
I hope you can help get me out of a tight spot .
11 bright spot
The computer industry is the one bright spot in the economy at the moment.
The only bright spot of the evening was when the food arrived.
12 a spot of something British English informal
Do you fancy a spot of lunch?
I’ve been having a spot of bother (= some problems ) with my car.
13 spots of rain British English
A few spots of rain began to fall.
14 five-spot/ten-spot etc American English spoken → beauty spot , blackspot , blind spot , → change your spots at change 1 ( 16 ) , → G-spot , → high point/spot at high 1 ( 12 ) , → hit the spot at hit 1 ( 28 ) , → hot spot , → knock spots off at knock 1 ( 19 ) , → be rooted to the spot at root 2 ( 5 ) , → have a soft spot for somebody at soft ( 16 ) , → trouble spot
1 dirt
a spot or dirty area on something that spoils its appearance
2 damaged area
a cut, hole, or other small sign of damage
3 coloured area
a small area of darker or lighter colour on a plain surface such as a person’s skin or an animal’s
4 writing
a shape or sign that is written or printed
5 level/number
a particular level, number, amount etc
6 student’s work especially British English
a letter or number given by a teacher to show how good a student’s work is SYN grade American English
7 full/top ____s for effort/trying/persistence etc British English spoken
used to praise someone for trying hard to do something, even though they did not succeed
8 high/low ____
approval or disapproval of something or of the way someone has done
9 make/leave your ____
to become successful or famous
10 leave/make its ____ on somebody/something
to affect someone or something so that they change in a permanent or very noticeable
11 off the ____ /wide of the ____
not correct SYN inaccurate
12 close to the ____
correct
13 be a ____ of something
to show that someone or something is a particular thing, has a particular quality etc SYN be a sign of
14 a ____ of respect/honour/affection etc
something that happens or is done to show respect, honour etc
15 ____ 2/6 etc ( also ____ 2/6 etc )
a) especially British English a particular type or model of a car, machine etc
b) a measurement used in Britain for the temperature of a gas oven
16 hit/miss the ____
a) to hit or miss the thing that you were shooting at
b) to succeed or fail to have the effect you wanted
17 be quick/slow/first etc off the ___ informal
to be quick, slow, first etc to understand things or react to situations
18 not up to the ____ British English
a) not good enough
b) old-fashioned not well and healthy
19 the halfway ____
the point in a race, journey, or event that is half way between the start and the finish
20 bear the ____ of something
a) to show the physical signs of something which happened in the past
b) if something bears the ____ of something or someone, it has signs that show who or what made it or influenced it
21 on your ____ (s), get set, go! spoken
said in order to start a race
22 money
the standard unit of money used in Germany before the EURO
23 signature old use
a sign in the form of a cross, used by someone who is not able to write their name
► Do not use ____ to mean ‘a product made by a particular company’. Use make or brand : an expensive make of camera | a well-known brand of toothpaste → exclamation mark , → overstep the mark at overstep ( 2 ) , → punctuation mark , question mark , speech marks
mark 1 S3 W2 / mɑk $ mɑrk / noun [ countable ]
1 I can’t get these marks out of my T-shirt.
His feet left dirty marks all over the floor.
The skid marks (= marks left by a car’s tyres ) were over 30 feet long.
2 burn/scratch/bite etc mark
a burn mark on the kitchen table
There were scratch marks all over the victim’s body.
3 The kitten is mainly white with black marks on her back. → birthmark
4 What do those strange marks at the top mean?
Make a mark at the bottom of the page.
5 pass/reach/approach etc the … mark
The temperature is not expected to reach the 20 degree mark in the next few days.
In 1976 unemployment in Britain passed the one million mark.
6 good/high mark
The highest mark was a B+.
Her marks have been a lot lower this term.
She always gets good marks .
pass mark (= the mark you need in order to pass an exam )
The pass mark was 75%.
full/top marks (= the highest possible mark )
7 full/top marks for effort/trying/persistence etc British English spoken
I have to give you top marks for determination.
8 high/low
Parents gave the kit high marks .
his low marks as transportation chief
9 make/leave your mark
It took him only two games to make his mark.
make/leave your mark as
He made his mark as a pianist in the 1920s.
make/leave your mark on/in
He has left his mark on baseball history.
10 leave/make its mark on somebody/something Singers like Franklin and Redding helped gospel music make its mark on popular culture.
Growing up during the war had left its mark on her.
11 off the mark/wide of the mark SYN inaccurate :
Our cost estimate was way off the mark .
12 close to the mark :
His next guess was closer to the mark.
13 be a mark of something SYN be a sign of something :
The ability to perform well under pressure is the mark of a true champion.
14 a mark of respect/honour/affection etc
a mark of respect/honour/affection etc for
The plaque awarded to Grant is a mark of recognition for his years of service.
There was a two-minute silence as a mark of respect for the dead.
15 Mark 2/6 etc ( also mark 2/6 etc )
a) especially British
an old Mark 2 Ford Cortina
b) Cook for 40 minutes at gas mark 6.
16 hit/miss the mark
b) Although it contains a certain amount of truth, this theory ultimately misses the mark.
17 be quick/slow/first etc off the mark informal
You’ll have to be quick off the mark if you want to find a job around here.
18 not up to the mark British English
a) Her work just isn’t up to the mark.
b) old-fashioned I’m not feeling quite up to the mark today.
19 the halfway mark
20 bear the mark of something
a) His face bore the marks of many missions.
b) His speech bore all the marks of his military background.
21 on your mark(s), get set, go! spoken
► Do not use mark to mean ‘a product made by a particular company’. Use make or brand : an expensive make of camera | a well-known brand of toothpaste → exclamation mark , → overstep the mark at overstep ( 2 ) , → punctuation mark , question mark , speech marks
a ___________ loan is an amount of money that is lent to someone who may not be able to pay it back, usually at a higher than normal rate of interest
sub·prime / sʌbpraɪm / adjective [ only before noun ]
Subprime mortgages (= loans to buy a home ) are granted to individuals who would not qualify for a conventional mortgage.
1 to make someone do something by annoying or encouraging them until they do it → provoke
2 to push animals ahead of you with a sharp stick
goad 1 / ɡəʊd $ ɡoʊd / verb [ transitive ]
1 goad somebody into (doing) something
Kathy goaded him into telling her what he had done.
goad somebody on
They goaded him on with insults.
1 something that forces someone to do something
2 a sharp stick for making animals move forward
goad 2 noun [ countable ]
1 The offer of economic aid was a goad to political change.
the right to vote in national elections
suf‧frage / sʌfrɪdʒ / noun [ uncountable ]
1 government [ intransitive and transitive ]
to have the official power to control a country and the people who live there → govern
2 control/influence [ transitive ]
if a feeling or desire ____s someone, it has a powerful and controlling influence on their actions
3 court/law [ intransitive always + adverb/preposition, transitive ] to make an official decision about something, especially a legal problem → decree
4 ____ the roost informal
to be the most powerful person in a group
5 ____ somebody/something with a rod of iron also ____ somebody with an iron fist/hand
to control a group of people in a very severe way
6 somebody/something ____s informal
used to say that the team, school, place etc mentioned is better than any
7 draw a line [ transitive ]
to draw a line using a ____r or other straight
rule 2 W2 verb
1 Queen Victoria ruled England for 64 years.
African tribal societies were traditionally ruled by a council of elders.
rule over
Alexander the Great ruled over a huge empire.
He announced that henceforth he would rule by decree (= make all the important decisions himself ) .
2 the passion for power and success which rules her life
3 rule that
The judge ruled that she should have custody of the children.
rule on
The Supreme Court has yet to rule on the case.
rule in favour of/against somebody/something
The tribunal ruled in her favour.
be ruled illegal/unlawful etc
This part of the bill was ruled unconstitutional. → ruling 1
4 rule the roost informal
His wife rules the roost in their house.
5 rule somebody/something with a rod of iron also rule somebody with an iron fist/hand
Although he was a fair man, he ruled us with an iron fist.
6 somebody/something rules informal
Arsenal rules OK. British English
graffiti saying ‘Poheny High rules’
7 Rule a line under each answer.
→ overrule , → let your heart rule your head at heart ( 2 )
1 used to ask someone to speak louder
2 to say something, especially to express your opinion
3 _____ __ ___ somebody
to speak in support of someone
speak up phrasal verb
1 Could you speak up, please?
2There was a brief silence, then Gerald spoke up.
3 speak up for somebody
He is willing to speak up for the rights of women.
1 build
___ something ↔ __
to build something such as a wall, fence, building etc SYN erect
2 for people to see
___ something ↔ __
to put a picture, notice etc on a wall so that people can see it
3 attach something
___ something ↔ __
to attach a shelf, cupboard etc to a wall
4 increase
___ something ↔ __
British English to increase the cost or value of something SYN raise
5 raise
___ something ↔ __ to raise something to a higher position
6 let somebody stay
___ somebody __ to let someone stay in your house and give them meals
7 stay somewhere British English
to stay in a place for a short time
8 ___ __ a fight/struggle/resistance
to show great determination to oppose something or get out of a difficult situation
9 ___ __ something
to give an amount of money for a particular purpose
10 make available
___ something __
to make something or someone available for a particular purpose
11 ___ __ a proposal/argument/case etc
to explain a suggestion or idea so that other people can think about it or discuss it
12 elections
___ somebody ↔ __
to suggest someone as a suitable person to be elected to a position
13 ___ __ or shut up spoken informal
used to tell someone that they should either do what needs to be done or stop talking about it
___ somebody __ __ something phrasal verb
to encourage someone to do something stupid or dangerous
___ __ ____ somebody/something phrasal verb
to accept an unpleasant situation or person without complaining
Register
In written English, people usually prefer to use tolerate , which is more formal
put up phrasal verb
1 They’re putting up several new office blocks in the centre of town.
2 Can I put up some posters?
The shops have started to put up Christmas decorations.
3 My dad put up five shelves.
4 Most big stores admit they daren’t put prices up for fear of losing their customers.
5 I put up my hand and asked to leave the room.
Philip put his hood up because it was raining.
6 I was hoping Kenny could put me up for a few days.
7 put up at/in/with
We can put up at a hotel for the night.
8 put up a fight/struggle/resistance
Gina put up a real fight to overcome the disease.
The rebels have put up fierce resistance.
9 put up something
The paper put up a reward for information on the murder.
10 put something up
put something up for
They put their house up for sale .
The baby was put up for adoption .
11 put up a proposal/argument/case etc
If you can put up a good enough case, the board will provide the finance.
12 put somebody ↔ up
I was put up for the committee.
13 put up or shut up spoken
put somebody up to something phrasal verb
‘Did Shirley put you up to this?’ ‘No, it was my own idea.’
put up with somebody/something phrasal verb
She put up with his violent temper.
Register
They had to tolerate many hardships.
1 separate
___ something ↔ ___
to separate something by cutting it away from the main part
2 stop supply
___ something ↔ ___
to stop the supply of something such as electricity, gas, water etc
3 ___ ___ ___
to suddenly not be able to hear someone that you were speaking to on the telephone
4 __ ___ ___
a) if a place is ___ ___, people cannot leave it or reach it
b) to be a long way from other places and be difficult to get to
c) if someone is ___ ___, they are lonely and not able to meet many other people
5 stop being friendly
___ somebody ↔ ___
to stop having a friendly relationship with
6 interrupt
to interrupt someone and stop them from finishing what they were saying
7 prevent something
___ somebody ___ ____ something
to prevent someone from having something that they need or want
8 money/property
to refuse to let someone receive your money or property, especially when you die
9 driving
___ somebody ↔ ___ American English
to suddenly drive in front of a moving car in a dangerous way
10 ___ ___ ____ ____ to spite your face
to do something because you are angry, even though it will harm you
cut somebody/something off phrasal verb
1 cut something ↔ off
One of his fingers was cut off in the accident.
cut something off something
Cut the fat off the meat.
2 cut something ↔ off
The gas had been cut off.
The US has threatened to cut off economic and military aid.
3 get cut off
I don’t know what happened – we just got cut off.
4 be cut off
b) Accessible only by air, the town is cut off from the rest of the country.
c) Many older people feel cut off and isolated.
5 cut somebody ↔ off
Julia had been completely cut off by all her family and friends.
cut yourself off (from somebody)
After his wife died, he cut himself off completely from the rest of the world.
6 Emma cut him off in mid-sentence.
7 cut somebody off from something
The project aims to ensure that poorer people are not cut off from the benefits of computer technology.
8 My parents threatened to cut me off without a penny if I married him.
9 cut somebody ↔ off American English
A man in a station wagon cut me off on the freeway.
10 cut off your nose to spite your face
1 to disobey or do something against an official agreement, law, principle etc
2 to do something that makes someone feel that they have been attacked or have suffered a great loss of respect
3 formal to break open a grave , or force your way into a holy place without showing any respect
4 literary to force a woman to have sex SYN rape
vi‧o‧late AC / vaɪəleɪt / verb [ transitive ]
1 34 protesters were arrested for violating criminal law.
regimes that violate human rights
2 Victims of burglaries often feel personally violated.
The media regularly violates people’s privacy .
3 formal
Vandals had violated the graveyard.
— violator noun [ countable ]
THESAURUS
disobey to not obey a person, order, rule, or law : In the army, it is a crime to disobey a superior officer. | He had disobeyed the school rules.
break a law/rule to not obey a law or rule : Anyone who breaks the law must expect to be punished.
defy formal to deliberately refuse to obey a rule or law, or what someone in authority tells you to do : The police arrested the youth for defying a court order.
flout / flaʊt / formal to deliberately disobey a rule or law in a very public way : Timber companies are continuing to flout environmental laws.
violate formal to disobey a law, or do something that is against an agreement or principle : Both countries have accused each other of violating the treaty. | Technically he had violated the law.
contravene formal to be against a law, rule, or agreement, or to do something that is against a law, rule, or agreement : The British government’s actions contravened the European Convention on Human Rights.
1 to remove a leader or government from power, especially by force SYN oust
2 to get rid of the rules, ideas, or systems of a society
o‧ver‧throw 1 / əʊvəθrəʊ $ oʊvərθroʊ / verb ( past tense overthrew / -θru / , past participle overthrown / -θrəʊn $ -θroʊn / ) [ transitive ]
1 Rebels were already making plans to overthrow the government.
to give a college, hospital etc a large sum of money that provides it with an income
_____ somebody/something ____ something phrasal verb formal
1 to make someone or something have a particular quality, or to believe that they have it
2 be _____ed ____ something
to naturally have a good feature or quality
3 to give someone something
en‧dow / ɪndaʊ / verb [ transitive ]
endow somebody/something with something phrasal verb formal
1 Her resistance to the Nationalists endowed her with legendary status.
2 be endowed with something
She was endowed with good looks.
→ well-endowed
We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
an ___________ right, power etc cannot be taken from you
in‧a‧li‧en‧a‧ble / ɪneɪliənəb ə l / adjective [ usually before noun ] formal
an inalienable right, power etc
inalienable human rights
clearly true and needing no more proof SYN obvious
self-evident adjective formal
self-evident truths
it is self-evident (that)
It is self-evident that childhood experiences influence our adult behaviour.
self-evident formal facts, ideas etc that are self-evident are obvious and true, although some people may not accept them or know about them : The facts in this case are self-evident and cannot be denied. | We hold these truths to be self-evident (= we believe that they obvious and true – from the American Declaration of Independence ) .
1 to give someone the official right to do or have something
2 be ___________ed something if a book, play etc is __________d something, that is its name
en‧ti‧tle S3 W3 / ɪntaɪtl / verb [ transitive often passive ]
1 be entitled to (do) something
Full-time employees are entitled to receive health insurance.
entitle somebody to something
Membership entitles you to the monthly journal.
2 be entitled something
a documentary entitled ‘The Price of Perfection’
entitle
to give someone the right to do or have something :
The pass entitles you to travel on any bus, at any time, in Norwich. | If the goods are faulty, the customer is entitled to a refund.
1 to start a journey, especially a long journey
2 to start doing something or making plans to do something in order to achieve a particular result
3 ___ something ↔ ___
to explain ideas, facts, or opinions in a clearly organized way, in writing or in a speech
4 ___ something ↔ ___
to put a group of things down and arrange them
5 ___ ___ __ something
to start doing something, especially something new, difficult, or important
set out phrasal verb
1 Kate set out for the house on the other side of the bay.
set out on a journey/drive/voyage etc
The band are setting out on a European tour in March.
2 set out to do something
salesmen who deliberately set out to defraud customers
set out with the idea/purpose/intention etc of doing something
They set out with the aim of becoming the number one team in the league.
3 set something ↔ out
He set out the reasons for his decision in his report.
4 set something ↔ out
The market traders began setting out their displays.
5 set out on something
My nephew is just setting out on a career in journalism.
1 ___ _______ (something)
to go or travel to different
2 if news or information ___s ______ , it is told to a lot of people
3 ___ ______ something
to avoid something that is difficult or causes problems for you
___ ______ __ something phrasal verb
to do something that you have been intending to do for some time
get around phrasal verb
1 get around (something)
We had to use public transport to get around.
It’s quite easy to get around London.
2 News of the accident soon got around.
Word got around that the department might be closed.
3 get around something
I think we should be able to get around most of these problems.
She was always very clever at getting around the rules.
get around to something phrasal verb
I meant to phone her yesterday, but I never got around to it.
get around to doing something
We finally got around to clearing out the garage.
1 to make a room look nice by decorating it
2 informal to clean a room or cupboard thoroughly
__ somebody ___ __ something phrasal verb informal
to dishonestly stop someone from getting or keeping something, especially something they have a right to have
do something ↔ out phrasal verb British English
1 The room was beautifully done out in pastel colours.
do somebody out of something phrasal verb informal
Are you trying to do me out of a job?
1 if a part of something _____s __, it is raised up or points upwards above a surface
2 ____ ‘__ __ spoken informal
used to tell someone to raise their hands when threatening them with a gun – used in films, stories etc
_____ __ ___ somebody phrasal verb informal
to defend someone who is being criticized, especially when no one else will defend them
stick up phrasal verb
1 stick up from/out of/through etc
Part of the boat was sticking up out of the water.
2 stick ‘em up spoken informal
stick up for somebody phrasal verb informal
You’re supposed to be sticking up for me!
stick up for yourself
She’s always known how to stick up for herself.
to search for and find a particular thing among your possessions
____ ___ ___ somebody/something phrasal verb
1 to pay attention to what is happening around you, so that you will notice a particular person or thing if you see them
2 to try to make sure that someone is treated well
look something ↔ out phrasal verb
I’ll look out some of my old books for you.
look out for somebody/something phrasal verb
1 → lookout :
Look out for your Aunt while you’re at the station.
He’s looking out for a nice apartment downtown.
2 My older brother always looked out for me when we were kids.
look out for yourself/number one (= think only of the advantages you can get for yourself )
7 to start working or living on your own, especially after working or living with other people
7 go it alone
After years of working for a big company I decided to go it alone.
to think carefully about something for a period of time
chew something ↔ over phrasal verb
Let me chew it over for a few days.
Dear King George,
We’re writing to you because we’re getting pretty fed up with the way you’ve been treating us recently. Frankly, we’re not willing to put up with it any longer.
We’ve decided to set out a few complaints in this letter, and we really hope you’ll get round to reading it. First of all, we’re tired of all these taxes. We feel like you’re always trying to do us out of money. We think it’s totally unfair that we are never around when decisions are being made and we have no one to stick up for us. We think that all men are created equal. It seems to us that we all have rights from God: the right to live freely and the right to try to find happiness where we can.
We feel that your government isn’t really looking out for us and our interests. We therefore feel we have the right to go it alone from now on.
Hope that’s given you a few things to chew over.
We look forward to hearing from you,
Yours sincerely,
The colonists
1 [ transitive ] to make a mark against some information to show that it is important
2 [ intransitive ] to become tired or weak
____ somebody/something ↔ ____ phrasal verb
to make the driver of a vehicle stop by waving at them
flag 2 verb ( past tense and past participle flagged , present participle flagging )
1 I’ve flagged the parts I want to comment on.
2 By the end of the meeting we had begun to flag.
flag somebody/something ↔ down phrasal verb
I flagged down a taxi.
1 [ usually singular ] a set of ideas, rules, or beliefs from which something is developed, or on which decisions are based
2 social/legal/political etc _______ the structure of a society, a legal or political system etc
3 the main supporting parts of a building, vehicle, or object
frame‧work AC / freɪmwɜk $ -wɜrk / noun [ countable ]
1 framework of/for
This paper provides a framework for future research.
2 social/legal/political etc framework
We have to act within the existing legal framework.
3 the metal framework of the roof
