Worksheet 1 - Anterior abdominal wall and inguinal region

Question 1

3 layers of muscle in the ant ab wall?

Answer 1

external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominus

Question 2

what are the 3 ant ab wall muscles augmented by?

Answer 2

rectus abdominis

Question 3

what is an aponeuroses ?

Answer 3

a sheet like tendon which joins one muscle to another muscle or bone

Question 4

which aponeuroses joins the ant ab wall muscles?

Answer 4

rectus sheath

Question 5

where does the inguinal ligament run from?

Answer 5

ASIS to pubic tubercle

Question 6

what forms the lower border of the layers of the muscle?

Answer 6

inguinal canal

Question 7

3 functions of ant ab wall muscles?

Answer 7

1. contain + protect viscera
2. compress abdomen during forced exhalation
3. produce force required for defaecation, urination, child birth

Question 8

nerve supply to muscles of ant ab wall ?

Answer 8

spinal nerves; T7-T12
iliohypogastric
ilioinguinal

Question 9

which dermatome at xiphoid process?

Answer 9

T7

Question 10

which dermatome at umbilical region?

Answer 10

T10

Question 11

which dermatome at pubic tubercle?

Answer 11

L1

Question 12

what is Scarpa’s fascia?

Answer 12

membranous layer of superficial fascia on ant ab wall

Question 13

what is Scarpa’s fascia continous with - inferiorly?

Answer 13

Colles’ fascia

Question 14

what is colles’ fascia?

Answer 14

membranous layer of superficial fascia on perineum

Question 15

what does the attachments of Colles’ fascia form the boundaries of?

Answer 15

perineal pouch

Question 16

which way do the external oblique fibres run?

Answer 16

fowards and downwards - hands in front pockets

Question 17

what is the free inferior border of external oblique aponeurosis thickened to form?

Answer 17

inguinal ligament

Question 18

what is superior to the public tubercle?

Answer 18

superficial inguinal ring

Question 19

what passes through the superficial inguinal ring/

Answer 19

females = round ligament
males = spermatic cord

Question 20

which component of the spermatic cord is formed from the aponeurosis?

Answer 20

external fascia of spermatic cord + testes

Question 21

orgin of external oblique

Answer 21

anterolateral border of lower 8 ribs

Question 22

2 insertion points of external oblique?

Answer 22

• iliac crest

- pubic crest

Question 23

which direction do internal oblique run?

Answer 23

backwards + downwards

Question 24

internal oblique is comparable to which muscle of thoracic wall?

Answer 24

internal intercostal

Question 25

how do the fibres of internal obliqye relate to inguinal ligament

Answer 25

the origin of the internal oblique consists of CT - this is deep to the lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament

Question 26

how do fibres of transverse abdominis relate to inguinal ligament?

Answer 26

their origin is the CT which is deep to the lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament

Question 27

function of conjoint tendon?

Answer 27

protects weak area in abdominal wall

Question 28

where is the conjoint tendon?

Answer 28

lower part of internal oblique and transverse abdominis

Question 29

what is the transversalis facia?

Answer 29

lining of anterolateral abdominal wall

Question 30

where is the transversalis fascia?

Answer 30

between transverse abdominalis and peritoneum

Question 31

2 origin of rectus abdominis

Answer 31

pubic symphysis | pubic crest

Question 32

2 insertion of rectus abdominis?

Answer 32

Xiphoid process | 5-7th costal cartilages

Question 33

what is the linea alba?

Answer 33

tough fibrous band which extends from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis

Question 34

what is the linea semilunaris?

Answer 34

curved tendinous intersection at either side of rectus abdominis muscle

Question 35

what is the arcuate line

Answer 35

demarcation of posterior layer of rectus sheath

Question 36

which 2 vessels run in the rectus sheath, deep to the rectus abdominis muscle?

Answer 36

superior epigastrid | inferior epigastric

Question 37

what is prune belly syndrome?

Answer 37

partial or complete absence of stomach

Question 38

which nerve enters the inguinal canal through?

Answer 38

genitofemoral nerve

Question 39

what 4 things does the genitofemoral nerve supply?

Answer 39

1. cremaster muscle 2. skin over anterolateral thigh 3. male = scrotum 4. female = labia majora

Question 40

how does the ilio-inguinal nerve enter the inguinal canal?

Answer 40

travels outside spermatic cord - next to it

Question 41

what 4 things does the ilio-inguinal nerve supply?

Answer 41

1. skin over anterolateral thigh 2. male = scrotum + root of penis 3. females = labia majora + mons pubis 4. muscles of ant ab wall

Question 42

what is the deep inguinal ring a defect of?

Answer 42

transversalis fascia

Question 43

what occurs in terms of the testes with the inguinal cana?

Answer 43

the descent of the testes is through the inguinal canal

Question 44

during development, which wall does the testis push its way through?

Answer 44

ant ab wall

Question 45

3 coverings of testis + ductus deferens? superficial to deep

Answer 45

external spermatic fascia cremasteric muscle internal spermatic fascia

Question 46

origination of cremasteric muscle

Answer 46

internal oblique

Question 47

origination of internal spermatic fasica

Answer 47

transverse abdominis

Question 48

origination of external spermatic fascia

Answer 48

external oblique

Question 49

what is the tunica vaginalis derived from

Answer 49

peritoneum

Question 50

what is the cremasteric reflex?

Answer 50

light poke on the medial thigh causes the contraction of cremasteric muscle - causes testis to move up

Question 51

7 structures runnning in the spermatic cord

Answer 51

1. vas deferens 2. processus vaginalis 3. genitofemoral nerve 4. autonomic nerves 5. pampiniform plexus 6. testicular vein 7. lymph vessels

Question 52

medial border of deep inguinal ring

Answer 52

inf. epigastric vessels

Question 53

lateral border of deep inguinal ring

Answer 53

transversalis fascia

Question 54

boundaries of superficial inguinal ring

Answer 54

medial - cruca of pubic crest lateral - cruca of pubic tubercle inferior = inguinal ligament

Question 55

anterior boundary of inguinal canal

Answer 55

aponeuoris of external oblique

Question 56

posteruir boundary of inguinal canal

Answer 56

transveralis fascia

Question 57

roof boundary of inguinal canal

Answer 57

lateral - trans fascia central - trans fascia + internal oblique medial - medial crus

Question 58

floor boundary of inguinal canal

Answer 58

lateral - iliopubic tract central - infolded inguinal ligament medial - lacunar ligament

Question 59

what 2 muscles form the conjoint tendon?

Answer 59

Internal oblique + transversus abdominuis