Worksheet 4 - The hindgut and vessels, liver, gall bladder and biliary tree

Question 1

which artery supplies the hindgut?

Answer 1

IMA

Question 2

5 areas which the IMA supplies?

Answer 2

Left 1/3 of transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon 
rectum 
upper anal canal

Question 3

level of IMA

Answer 3

L3

Question 4

3 branches of IMA

Answer 4

LSS

left colic
sigmoidal
superior rectal artery

Question 5

what does the marginal artery supply?

Answer 5

colon

Question 6

structure inside of colon?

Answer 6

rugae

Question 7

function of rugae

Answer 7

increase SA

Question 8

at what level does the sigmoid colon continues to be the rectum? what is the name of this junction

Answer 8

S3 - rectosigmoidal

Question 9

how many valves on the left + right interior rectum?

Answer 9

L= 2
R = 1

Question 10

3 arteries supplies the rectum (from superior to inferior)

Answer 10

superior, middle and inferior rectal artery

Question 11

which rectal artery is posterior?

Answer 11

superior rectal

Question 12

origination of all of the rectal arteries

Answer 12

1. superior rectal = IMA
2. Middle rectal = inf. vescial - internal ilac
3. Inferior rectal = internal pudenal = internal iliac

Question 13

what is the main venous drainage of the gut?

Answer 13

hepatic portal vein

Question 14

Most of the veins in the foregut are parallel to the arterial supply, except from which 2 arteries?

Answer 14

coelic + gastroduodenal

Question 15

what do all of the midgut veins drain into?

Answer 15

splenic vein

Question 16

where does the SMV become the hepatic portal vein

Answer 16

posterior to the neck of the pancreas, where the splenic vein enters

Question 17

where is the IMV located in relation to the IMA?

Answer 17

to the left

Question 18

venous drainage of thoracic oesophagus -2?

Answer 18

azygos vein + inferior thyroid vein

Question 19

venous drainage of abdominal oesphagus ?

Answer 19

Portal; left gastric vein

Systemic; azygos vein

Question 20

Portosystemic anastomoses of L gastric V?

Answer 20

Oesophagus V

Question 21

Portosystemic anastomoses of superior rectal vein?

Answer 21

middlle + inf rectal V

Question 22

Portosystemic anastomoses of paraumbilical V?

Answer 22

epigastric V

Question 23

clinical significance of Portosystemic anastomoses

Answer 23

can cause portal hypertension

Question 24

where do lymph nodes lie?

Answer 24

anterior to aorta, around coelic trunk, SMA, IMA

Question 25

even though the major arterial supply to the rectum is the superior rectal artery, where does the lymphatic drainage occur?

Answer 25

middle rectal artery to internal ilac lymph nodes

Question 26

a collective name for the coelic, SM, IM lymph nodes?

Answer 26

pre-aortic

Question 27

what does the coeliac group of lymph nodes drain into?

Answer 27

cisterna chyli

Question 28

which lymphatic channel originates from the cisterna chyli?

Answer 28

thoracic duct

Question 29

where does the thoracic duct drain into?

Answer 29

junction between L internal jugular V + L subclavian V

Question 30

what are Peyer's patches?

Answer 30

small masses of lymphatic tissue in the ileum

Question 31

what type of nerves innervate the gut?

Answer 31

sympathetic + parasympathetic

Question 32

between which layer of the gut wall are instrinsic (myenteric) nerve plexuses found?

Answer 32

longitudinal + circular layers of muscularis

Question 33

what do most of the autonomic fibres to the gut travel through?

Answer 33

coeliac plexus

Question 34

where do the parasympathetic fibres to the hindgut travel through?

Answer 34

inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 35

which parasympathetic nerves innervate the coeliac plexus?

Answer 35

r+l bagus nerve

Question 36

which sympathetic nerves innervate the coeliac plexus?

Answer 36

splanchnic nerves

Question 37

initial pain of foregut

Answer 37

epigastric region T5-T9

Question 38

intiial pain of midgut

Answer 38

umbilical region T9-T10

Question 39

initial pain of hindgut

Answer 39

pubic region on abdomen + thighs L1-2

Question 40

what separates the left and right liver lobes anatomically?

Answer 40

falciform ligament

Question 41

lobes of posterior right lobe

Answer 41

caudate + quadrate

Question 42

which ligament is found at the free edge of the falciform ligament

Answer 42

round ligament of liver

Question 43

what is the round ligament of the liver a remnant of

Answer 43

umbilical vein

Question 44

where does the pancreatic duct span from

Answer 44

bile duct to pancreas

Question 45

what is the name of the area which indicates the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct?

Answer 45

hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater

Question 46

where is the sphincter of oddi?

Answer 46

betweent the commmon bile duct + duodenum

Question 47

what is the cystohepatic triangle of Calot?

Answer 47

a triangle formed by the cystic duct, common hepatic duct and the cystic artery

Question 48

venous drainage of gall bladder

Answer 48

cystic vein - hepatic portal vein

Question 49

what parts of the rectum does the superior rectal artery supply?

Answer 49

superior + middle