Worksheet 2 - The abdominal cavity and the peritoneal reflections Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
what does the parietal peritoneum line?
A
wall of abdominal cavity
2
Q
what does the visceral peritoneum cover?
A
organs
3
Q
name of cavity between parietal and visceral peritoneum
A
peritoneal cavity
4
Q
somatic nerve supply to parietal peritoneum? 3
A
T7-11; thoracoabdominal nerve
T12; subcostal nerve
L1 - iliohypogastric + ilioinguinal nerve
5
Q
explain the relation of the visceral peritoneum to the duodenum?
A
it passes in front of the duodenum
6
Q
explain the visceral peritoneum of the small intestine
A
forms a mesentery
7
Q
what pain is the parietal peritoneum sensitive to?
A
pressure, pain, heat
8
Q
what type of stimulus is the visceral peritoneum sensitive to?
A
stretch + chemical irritation
9
Q
is the peritoneal cavity the same as the abdominal cavity?
A
NO
10
Q
what is contained within the peritoneal cavity
A
peritoneal fluid
11
Q
2 parts of the peritoneal cavity
A
lesser sac
greater sac
12
Q
other name for lesser sac
A
omental bursa
13
Q
which sac lies posterior to the stomach
A
lesser sac
14
Q
are the greater and lesser sacs continuous with each other
A
yes
15
Q
foramen between lesser and greater sac (2 names)
A
epipoloic/omental
16
Q
what is ascites?
A
excess volume of peritoneal fluid in peritoneal cavity
17
Q
Intraperitoneal organs
A
J-STAS GILS
jejunum sigmoid colon transverse colon appendix spleen gall bladder ileum liver stomach
18
Q
retroperitoneal organs
A
PAKI CARDD
pancreas ascending colon kidney IVC caecum abdominal aorta rectum duodenum descending colon
19
Q
what is the greater omentum
A
double layer of peritonenum
20
Q
what organ is attached to the posterior surface of the greater omentum
A
transverse colon
21
Q
where does the greater omentum hang down from?
A
greater curvature of stomach
22
Q
name of part of the greater omentum which passes between the greater curvature and the transverse colon
A
gastrocolic ligament
23
Q
how many layers of peritoneum - gastrocolic ligament
A
2
24
Q
how many layers of peritoneum - inferior to transverse colon
A
4
25
what does the transverse mesocolon connect?
transverse colon + PAW
26
what separates the peritoneal cavity into 2 compartments?
transverse mesocolon
27
2 compartments of the peritoneal cavity
supracolic + infracolic
28
part of the greater omentum which runs to the spleen - which side does this run to
gastrosplenic ligament - leftt
29
when the gastrosplenic ligament runs towards the kidney, what is it called?
lienorenal ligament
30
which artery runs in the lienorenal ligament?
splenic
31
parts of lesser omentum
gastrohepatic ligament
| hepatoduodenal ligament
32
parts of greater omentum
gastrocolic ligament
gastrosplenic
gastrophrenic
33
what does the transverse mesocolon separate? and what into?
separates greater sac
into
supracolic + infracolic
34
3 organs in supracolic
stomach
spleen
liver
35
space between the liver and diaphragm
sub-phrenic space
36
what separates the sub-phrenic space into l+R
falciform ligament
37
what is the bare area?
area of liver with no peritoneum
38
where is the bare area?
posterior diaphragmatic surface
39
what is the ligamentum terres a remnant of?
umbilical vein
40
what channel runs under the liver?
sub-hepatic channel
41
inferior limit of sub-hepatic channel
transverse mesocolon
42
another name for pouch of Rutherford Morrison?
hepato-renal pouch
43
where would you find the hepato-renal pouch?
right side - PAW + kidney, inferior to the kidney
44
which gutter is the continous with the pouch of Rutherford Morrison?
right paracolic gutter
45
surgical importance of hepato-renal pouch
when supine, it is the deepest part of the supracolic compartment - fluid drains here - abcesses may form
46
where is the sub-hepatic space?
inferior to liver
47
what organs lie in the infracolic compartment?
ascending + descending colon
| small intestine
48
what 2 things project forward in the medial infracolic compartment?
lumbar vertebrae
| psoas muscle
49
what is on either side of the median watershed
iliolumbar fossae
50
where is the caecum located?
right iliac fossa
51
from the ceacum, where does the ascending colon run up to?
hepatic flexure
52
what 2 flexures does the transverse colon run through
hepatic + splenic flexure
53
what is the mesentery of the transverse colon
transverse mesocolon
54
why is the splenic flexture higher than the hepatic flexure
the hepatic flexure pushes down on the colon
55
what is the phrenicocolic ligament
the fold in peritoneum from the splenic flexure to the diaphragm
56
is there a phrenococolic ligament on the right?
NO
57
which is the larger gutter?
right paracolic gutter
58
what partially blocks the left paracolic gutter?
phrenococolic ligament
59
which 2 places communicate via the right paracolic gutter?
sub-hepatic channel + hepato-renal recess
60
why are the communications within the R paracolic gutter clincally significant?
gutters can spread pathological fluid - causing accumulation
61
do all parts of the small intestine have a mesentery? state which
no - not duodenum
62
what is the root of the mesentery
origin of mesentery of smal intestine
63
how does the root of mesentery divide the infracolic compartment?
obliquely - into right and left
64
which side of the infracolic compartment communicates with the pelvis
left
65
where does the sigmoid mesocolon attach to the pelvic wall?
over the division of the L common iliac artery
66
rectovesical pouch
male - between rectum + bladder
67
another name for Pouch of Douglas
Rectouterine pouch
68
rectouterine pouch
female - pouch between rectum + uterus
69
uterovesical pouch
female - uterus + bladder
70
where does the lesser omentum lie
between lesser curvature of the stomach + medial part of the duodenum
71
what allows the greater + lesser sacs to be continous with each other
epiploic/omental foramen
72
what is posterior of the stomch
lesser sac
73
3 structures enclosed with free border of lesser omentum
portal triad
- hepatic portal vein
- hepatic artery
- common bile duct
74
embryological origin of the lesser omentum
ventral mesentery
75
anterior margin of epipolic foramen
hepatoduodenal ligament
76
posterior margin of epipolic foramen
peritoneum covering IVC
77
superior margin of epipolic foramen
caudate lobe of liver
78
inferior margin of epipolic foramen
1st part of duodenum
79
what is an adhesion
fibrous bands form between tissue + organs - result of surgery
80
what is normal sensation?
associated with motility, distension
81
what is abnormal sensation
pain
82
which 2 TYPES of fibres transmit normal sensory info
1. visceral sensory fibres
| 2. parasympathetic motor fibres
83
parasympathetic supply to the fore- + mid-gut
vagus nerve (CNX)
84
parasympathetic supply to the hindgut
splenosplanchnic nerves S2-S4
85
parasympathetic supply to the bladder
pelvic nerve S2-S4
86
which 2 TYPES of fibres transmit abnormal sensory info
1. visceral sensory fibres
| 2. sympathetic motor fibres
87
sympathetic motor supply to the abdominal + pelvic viscera (5)
1. greater splanchnic nerve T5-9
2. lesser splanchinic nerve T9-10
3. Lower splanchnic nerve T12
4. lumbar splanchnic nerce L1-3
5. Sacral splanchnic nerves
88
where are painful sensations to the viscera felt? and why?
away from the median plane - never the actual location as it is innervated by the motor nerves
89
why is pain in the parietal peritoneum localised?
as this membrane is innervated by somatic sensory nerves
90
which 4 somatic nerves supply the parietal peritoneum?
1. thoracoabdominal nerve (T7-11)
2. subcostal nerve (T12)
3. L1 - iliohypogastric
4. L1 - ilioinguinal
91
What would prevent you from running your hand on top of the liver
Coronary ligament
92
where does the greater omentum orginate from?
dorsal mesentery
93
what is the falciform ligament an embryological remnant of?
ventral mesentery
94
2 ligaments which hold the spleen in the abdomen
gastrosplenic
| iliorenal ligament
95
which ligament prevents the spleen from moving superior when inflamed>
phrenico-colic ligament
96
where is the phrenico-colic ligament
between the splenic flexure + diaphragm
