WORLD HISTORY 5/6

Question 1

DAOISM

Answer 1

-a system of ideas based on the teachings of Laozi, old master (people don’t know if he actually existed)
-he lived around the same time as Confucius
-daoism became a rival to confucianism
-kept in the Te Ching-> the way of the dao
-sets forth views very different from confucianism
-Daoists believe that the way to carry out the heavens will /act in harmony with the universe’s order is not to interfere with it, inaction rather than action

Question 2

IDEOLOGY

Answer 2

A set of beliefs

Question 3

REGIME

Answer 3

The government in power

Question 4

CONFUCIANISM

Answer 4

• System of political and ethical ideas formulated by the Chinese philosopher Confucius
  -towards the end of the zhou dynasty
  intended to help restore order to a society in a state of confusion
  -useless to speculate on spiritual questions, assume there is an order in the universe
  -governed by 5 main relationships-> parent: child, husband: wife, older sibling: younger sibling, older friend: younger friend, ruler: subject
  -humans are basically good
• the ruler should rule by example-> if the ruler is kind and good, he will be respected, the subjects will follow, and the civilization will prosper
  -it is the duty of human beings to work hard to improve life here on earth

Question 5

LEGALISM

Answer 5

• legalists referred to as the “school of law”
  -a popular philosophy developed in China toward the end of the Zhou dynasty
  -it proposes that human beings are evil by nature
  -can be brought to the correct path only by harsh laws and a strong ruler

Question 6

NIRVANA

Answer 6

-in Buddhism
-ultimate reality / ultimate goal of the buddhists
-the end of self
-a reunion with the great world soul

Question 7

BUDDHA

Answer 7

-original name Siddhartha Guatama
-known as buddha–> “enlightened one”
-reformed hinduism and created buddhism from his teachings
-

Question 8

BUDDHISM

Answer 8

the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth

a religious doctrine introduced in northern india in the sixth century b. c. by Siddhartha Gautama known as buddha or enlightened one

Question 9

ASOKA

Answer 9

-maurya’s grandson and said to be the best indian ruler in history
-he converted india to buddhism and used the principles to rule
-had hospitals for animals and people and also shelters for travelers, sponsered buddhist missionaries etc.
-these missionaries spread buddhism throughout india and then to china

Question 10

CONVERSION

Answer 10

the change from one belief or form to another

Question 11

STEPPE

Answer 11

a large, flat grassy plain devoid of trees save those near bodies of water

Question 12

SIDDHARTHA GUATAMA

Answer 12

He is Buddha; buddhas original name before he became enlightened

Question 13

KONGFUZI

Answer 13

-other name for confucius
-(means master kung)
-known as first teacher
-philosopher who created confucianism

Question 14

QIN SHIHUANGDI

Answer 14

-ruler of the qin dynasty
-means first qin emporer
-unified the chinese world by building roads throughout the whole empire
-eliminated rivals and had great armies
-influenced greatly by legalism

Question 15

MARTIAL

Answer 15

relating to or suited for war or a warrior

Question 16

ETHICAL

Answer 16

conforming to accepted standards of conduct; moral

Question 17

CENSORATE

Answer 17

part of the Chinese bureaucracy that made sure government officials were doing their jobs

Question 18

BRAHMAN

Answer 18

-known as the great world soul
-ultimate goal is to have union with the Brahman

Question 19

GREAT WALL

Answer 19

-created by Qin Shihuangdi
-a very long wall originally to keep out the xiongnu because they were so good at horseback he needed a way to keep them out
-originally called the wall of 10000 Li

Question 20

BUDDHISM VS HINDUISM (written response)

Answer 20

BOTH: include fundamental ideas that helped shape the history and culture of india and other eastern civilizations
-developed in india
-major world religions
-buddhism came out of hinduism
-reincarnation: the soul/self is reborn after death

H
-after numerous rebirths, the soul will achieve its final goal of union with brahman–> single force of the universe
-religious thoughts are found in the VEDAS(songs and rituals passed down orally and written down in modern times)
-developed yoga (4 types ) and meditation to lead to union with the brahman
-multitude of gods
-karma and dharma
B
-developed by siddartha guatama
-suffering was due to an attachment to material things
-rejects the caste system in hinduism
-all human beings can reach nirvana
-rival of hinduism
-englightenment is ultimate goal
-focused on the 4 noble truths and 8-fold path
-denied reality of material world
-did not want his followers to worship a picture or image
-women and men were not equal in siddharthas view

Question 21

XIAN DIG SITE

Answer 21

• where Qin Shihuangdi left an underground terra cotta army of soldiers all with different faces
  -near the mound of his burial site
• 6,000 soldiers, 7,000 bronze weapons, along with horses charriots etc
  -said to have been there to accompany him on his journey to the next world

Question 22

LAOZI

Answer 22

-created Daoism
-called the the old master
-lived around the same time as confucius

Question 23

MONASTERY

Answer 23

a building or buildings occupied by a community of monks living under religious vows.

Question 24

KUSHAN EMPIRE

Answer 24

-after the mauryan empire
-founded by nomadic warriors
-the silk road, a major trade route to china, ran through it making it wealthy
-expanded trade as sailors learned to navigate the ocean
-persian invaders caused its decline in the 3rd century

Question 25

NOBLE TRUTHS

Answer 25

-foundational idea of buddhism -How siddhartha preached his wisdom -ordinary life is full of suffering -this suffering is caused by our desire to satisfy ourselves -the way to end suffering is to end desire for selfish gals and to see others as extensions of ourselves -the way to end desire is to follow the middle path

Question 26

THE MIDDLE PATH

Answer 26

- the eight fold path (pg.114) -right view: we need to know the 4 noble truths -right intention: we need to decide what we really want -right speech

Question 27

WELFARE

Answer 27

something that aids or or promotes well-being

Question 28

HIMALAYA

Answer 28

-mountain border of the present day india -right next to the mauryan and kushan empire

Question 29

QIN DYNASTY

Answer 29

-led and formed by qin shihuangdi -unified the chinese world by roads - strictly followed legalism - made the great wall - xian digsite - monetary system -ignored the zhou king -short-lived

Question 30

MONETARY SYSTEM

Answer 30

a system by which a government provides money in a country's economy

Question 31

(written response )HAN DYNASTY

Answer 31

-led by Liu Pang/ Han Gaozu-> exalted ancestor (originally was a peasant) -quickly gained power over the empire due to his and his successors strong rule - strongly wanted to discard rules of the qin dynasty (discard legalism ) - adopt confucian principles -continued qin system of choosing government officials due to merit -introduced civil service -population increased and china was vast (which increased the need for a strong bureaucracy to maintain proper order) - expanded the empire -Han Wudi added southern regions - there was societal strife -peasants suffered and farmers had trouble with taxes causing many to have to sell land -increased importance of family -era of great prosperity -new technology (for ex: water mills-> paper making ) added to this prosperity -a lot of cultural achievements -THE FALL: over a period of time, central government power began to decline -nobles tried to fill the gaps but it eventually led to corruption -the wealthy made the farmers their tenants and stole their land -peasants were very unhappy and began to revolt and start uprisings -rebel armies destroyed the empire and china went into civil war -

Question 32

(written response)SILK ROAD

Answer 32

-route between roman empire and china -called silk because silk was chinas most valuable product -caused trade to expand rapidly -sailors began to navigate the indian ocean - began to understand currents and monsoons -goods could be shipped with certainty for the first time to and from the mediterranean, china and india -spread cultural and influential ideas -prosepered the kushans because it passed through their empire

Question 33

(written response ) CONFUCIANISM VS DAOSIM

Answer 33

CON -made by confucius -not a spiritual but political and ethical -concept of duty means people had to subordinate their interests to the needs of family and community -humans are basically good -concept of humanity means compassion and empathy for others -Emphasis on duty -five constant relationships--> a pattern of respect for ex--> parents should be loving and children should revere -fufill your duties -Call for humanity, compassion, and empathy -very important part of chinese culture -emerged at a time of violence and confusion(the period of warring states) in order to restore peace, order, and clarity -treat others how you want to be treated -political: Advocacy of rule by merit, not by noble birth ITS THE DUTY OF HUMAN BEINGS TO WORK HARD TO IMPROVE LIFE HERE ON EARTH BOTH Like confucianism, concerned with proper forms of human behavior and assumes a natural order (Dao) in the universe -sets forth proper principles of behavior DAO - based on teachings of Laozi -sets forth proper forms of human behavior -best way to act in harmony with the universal order and the will of heaven is to not interfere with the natural order -look at above card