World History Finals Flashcards
(20 cards)
Peace of Ausburg
Peace between Charles the 5th and singed 9/25/1555, made Lutheranism and Catholicism legal
Lois the 14th
Longest reigning sovereign of all time 5/9/1638-1/9/1715, Age greatly expanded French colonialism, ended the 80 year war (maybe the 30 year) made a lot of different arts
Armand Jean du Plessis
He was 1st Duke of Richelieu, was also King Louis the 13th Chief minister, wanted to consolidate power and crush enemies, had a lot of religious and civil power
Ulrich Zwingli
The Swiss reformer who did stuff in Zurich, known for preaching in and reforming the city of Zurich. As one of the most well-known leaders of the Reformation movement,
John Calvin
Father of Calvinism
Albrecht von Wallenstein
Fought on the catholics side during the thirty year war, supreme commander of the Holy Roman Empires army, Duke of Friedland.
Martin Luther
The father of Lutheranism, a monk who had 95 theses or contradictions of what the catholic church did with what the bible did, he became an excommunicado or a heretic and the church tried to get him.
Act of Supremacy
an act done by King Henry the 8th to make the head of the english church be him so that he could give himself a divorce from his wife. The Catholic church did not like this and i think excommunicated the king
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
A series of assassinations and mob violence that was against the Huguenots (French Calvinist protestants) believed to have been started by Queen Catherine de’ Medici, 23-24 of august 1572 5-30,000 dead
Conciliarism
the idea/movement that a council of church authorities was more powerful than the pope.
Peace of Westphalia
two treaties that ended both the 30 and 80 years war, they were signed in Westphalian towns of Münster and Osnabrück.It was signed october of 1648. It increased religious freedom and exiled the leader of the rebellion Ferdinand the 3rd
Politiques
16-17th century Western European statesmen who valued the strength of the state over anything else including religion
Edict of Nantes
an edict by King Henry the IV in 1598 that gave Huguenots (French Calvinists) Significantly more rights such as freedom of religion, right to hold office, run/own schools etc.
Henry the 8th
had 6 wives, he tried to get divorced/annulled from his first marriage to Catherine of Aragon, when the pope wouldn’t give him this he separated the church of england from rome/ the pope and made himself the new religious leader of england, got excomunicated
Council of trent
a council between 1545 and 1563 that was created as a response to the protestant reformation, was used to disprove challenge or clarify the reformations points
95 Thesis
the 95 issues or contradictions or discrepancies between the church and the bible that Martin Luther found when he read the bible, caused the start of the protestant reformation
Edict of worms 1521
an edict passed by Emporer Charles the 5th of the Holy Roman Empire than mandated that Martin Luither be turned over to him, also made luther an enemy of the state and a heretic, it was never enforced
30 years war
from 1618 to 1648 a war in which 4.5-8 million died due to famine, disease or battle, germany’s population went down 50%, could be argued that it was another religious conflict stemming from the reformation, not only that but also this was one of the most destructive european conflicts of all time.
Jesuits
did a lot of catholic education and missionary work in order to maintain the relevance of catholicism in secular and protestant areas.
Henry the IV (France)
granted protestants a lot of rights while also supporting the counter reformation efforts in the Holy Roman Empire , was himself a convert
