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22-23 School Year > World History LTMs U1 > Flashcards

World History LTMs U1 Flashcards

1
Q

time before writing

A

prehistory

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2
Q

study of past societies through man made objects

A

archeology

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3
Q

objects made by humans

A

artifacts

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4
Q

study of human life and culture through skeletal remains

A

anthropology

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5
Q

Old Stone Age

A

Paleolithic

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6
Q

Middle Stone Age

A

Mesolithic

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7
Q

New Stone Age

A

Neolithic

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8
Q

skilled craft worker

A

artisan

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9
Q

way of life of a group of people

A

culture

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10
Q

shift from hunting and gathering to food growing

A

Neolithic Revolution

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11
Q

a complex culture in which large numbers of human beings share a number of common elements

A

civilization

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12
Q

kings or queens who rule a kingdom

A

monarch

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13
Q

people who move from place to place

A

Nomads

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14
Q
  1. cities
  2. government
  3. religion
  4. social structure
  5. writing
  6. art
A

6 characteristics of a civilization

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15
Q

different people perform different tasks

A

division of labor

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16
Q
  1. Tigris-Euphrates
  2. Nile
  3. Yellow/Huang He
  4. Indus
A

4 river valley civilizations

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17
Q

belief in many gods

A

polytheism

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18
Q

government that included a town or city and the surrounding area

A

city-state

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19
Q

Sumerian temple built in layers

A

ziggurat

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20
Q

government by divine authority

A

theocracy

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21
Q

Sumerian structure; strongest form in a building; curved over an opening

A

arch

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22
Q

Sumerian writing system using wedge-shaped marks

A

cuneiform

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23
Q

government that unites many people or groups under one leader

A

empire

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24
Q

cuneiform writing; arch; ziggurats; number 60

A

Sumerians

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25
Q

Babylonian laws written to regulate life and agriculture

A

Hummurabi Code

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26
Q

belief in one god

A

monotheism

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27
Q

line of rule is passed along in the family; Menes created

A

dynasty

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28
Q

a process of slowly drying a dead body to prevent it from rotting; Egyptians

A

mummification

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29
Q

1st recorded female pharaoh

A

Hatshepsut

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30
Q

pharaoh who died at age 18; famous funeral mask; cursed tomb

A

Tutankhamen

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31
Q

Egyptian writing

A

hieroglyphs

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32
Q

reed plant used by Egyptians as paper

A

papyrus

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33
Q

tombs of Egyptian pharaohs

A

pyramids

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34
Q

“great house”; religious and political leader; gods to their people

A

pharaohs

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35
Q

artifact that was key to Egyptian language

A

Rosetta Stone

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36
Q

purple dye, glass, and lumber; sea traders; alphabet

A

Phoenicians

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37
Q

led the Hebrews out of slavery in Egypt; 10 Commandments

A

Moses

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38
Q

first 5 books of the Old Testament; important to Hebrews

A

Torah

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39
Q

Hebrews most important contribution to Western Civilization

A

ethical monotheism

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40
Q

cruel warriors; cavalry; roads; postal system

A

Assyrians

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41
Q

efficient ruling system; Cyrus and Darius; Zoraster

A

Persians

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42
Q

wise leader Nebuchadnezzar; Hanging Gardens; astronomy

A

Caldeans

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43
Q

seasonal wind patterns often associated with rainfall

A

monsoon

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44
Q

nomadic group that gradually settled and took control of the Indus Valley and areas eastward; strong warriors

A

Aryans

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45
Q
  1. Brahmins
  2. Kshatriyas
  3. Vaisyas
  4. Sudras
  5. Untouchables
A

4 official and 5th unofficial levels of the caste system in order

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46
Q

refers to individual self in Hinduism and Buddhism

A

atman

47
Q

mental and physical practice to unite body and soul

A

yoga

48
Q

India’s major religion; reincarnation; dharma and karma

A

Hinduism

49
Q

Hindu belief that the individual soul is reborn in a different form after death

A

reincarnation

50
Q

Hindu belief; what people do in this life will determine what they will be in their next lives

A

karma

51
Q

divine law; Hinduism; all people must do their duty

A

dharma

52
Q

form of social organization unique to India

A

caste system

53
Q

“Enlightened One;” founder of Buddhism

A

Siddharta Gautama

54
Q

ultimate reality; perfect peace

A

nirvana

55
Q

Buddhism; ordinary life is full of suffering and 3 other premises

A

Four Noble Truths

56
Q

right view, right speech, right action are 3 of the 8 other premises for Buddhists

A

Eightfold Path

57
Q

greatest India ruler; used Buddhist ideals to rule

A

Ashoka

58
Q

Golden Age in Indian culture; engaged in foreign and domestic trade; efficient monarchs

A

Gupta

59
Q
  1. Shang
  2. Zhou
  3. Qin
  4. Han
A

4 major Chinese dynasties

60
Q

right to rule; authority to command; Zhou

A

Mandate of Heaven

61
Q

war victor; prosperity; decline; rebellion

A

Dynastic Cycle

62
Q

humans should act in harmony with the Universe; duty; Chinese philosophy

A

Confucianism

63
Q

inaction not action; do not interfere with natural order; Chinese philosophy

A

Daoism

64
Q

humans are evil by nature; harsh laws; Chinese philosophy

A

Legalism

65
Q

“Chinese Peace;” a time of peace and prosperity for China

A

Pax Sinica

66
Q

influenced Greek civilization; highly developed written language; palace at Knossos; sea Traders; Minotaur

A

Minoans

67
Q

author of “The Illiad” and “The Odyssey”

A

Homer

68
Q

population decline; food production dropped; few records

A

dark age

69
Q

Greek city-state; city and its surrounding countryside

A

polis

70
Q

fortified area on top of a hill; place of refuge; religious center

A

Acropolis

71
Q

government for the people or in which all citizens take part

A

democracy

72
Q

government ruled by only a few people

A

oligarchy

73
Q

military state; organized and controlled; bravery valued

A

Sparta

74
Q

one of the classic and most important civilizations because they had the best ideas and thinkers who shaped Western Civilization

A

Greeks

75
Q

war between Greeks city-states and Persia

A

Persian War

76
Q

citizens voted on all issues of government

A

direct democracy

77
Q

citizens elect officials to vote on issues

A

representative democracy

78
Q

height of Athenian power; Athens became center of Greek culture

A

Age of Pericles

79
Q

war between Sparta and Athens; cultural rivalry; Athens surrendered

A

Peloponnesian

80
Q

paintings on wet plaster walls

A

frescos

81
Q

Homer’s epic about the 10th year of the Trojan War

A

The Illiad

82
Q

1st real historian; Greek

A

Herodotus

83
Q

study of the most fundamental questions of reality and human experience

A

philosophy

84
Q

essence of the universe found in music and numbers; theorem

A

Pythagoras

85
Q

one of history’s greatest thinkers and teachers; live ethically; “know thyself;” hemlock

A

Socrates

86
Q

great philosopher; “Republic;” question of reality; aristocracy of intellectuals; dialogues

A

Plato

87
Q

influential thinker; analyzing and classifying based on observation and investigation; Ethics, Poetics, Logic

A

Aristotle

88
Q

father of modern medicine; disease comes from natural causes not punishment from gods

A

Hippocrates

89
Q

a midpoint between two extremes; “Nothing in excess, and everything in proportion”

A

Golden Mean

90
Q

value of pi; mathematician

A

Archimedes

91
Q
  1. Cynic
  2. Stoic
  3. Epicurean
A

3 schools of philosophy post-Alex era

92
Q

athletic contests held in honor of the gods every 4 years

A

Olympics

93
Q

greatest leader of Athens for 30 years; democracy reached its height; Delian League

A

Pericles

94
Q

Macedonia king; strong leader and military strategist; conquered Persia and Egypt; a “man of the men”

A

Alexander the Great

95
Q

spread of Greek ideas and culture blended with features from other Mediterranean cultures

A

Hellenistic Era

96
Q

Homer’s epic of a 10-year journey home

A

The Odyssey

97
Q

democracy; magnificent temples and buildings; emphasized sound body and mind

A

Athens

98
Q

Rome’s and ours; a form of government where entitled voters elect representation

A

Republic

99
Q

wealthy landowners; Rome’s ruling class

A

patricians

100
Q

Roman farmers, artisans, and merchants

A

plebians

101
Q

series of three wars between Carthage and Rome; Rome finally wins and burns Carthage

A

Punic Wars

102
Q

first Roman dictator; gave land to poor; enlarged senate; assassinated

A

Julius Caesar

103
Q

Roman emperor; control of standing army; Cleopatra; suicide

A

Marc Antony

104
Q

leader of most famous slave revolt in Roman history

A

Spartacus

105
Q

Roman Peace; five good emperors; 200 years

A

Pax Romana

106
Q

Roman emperor; brutal; killed people, including mother; started fire to Rome??

A

Nero

107
Q
  1. Purpose to life
  2. easy to relate to
  3. sense of belonging
  4. didn’t cost anything
A

four reasons why Christianity spread

108
Q

smarter than Julius; supreme ruler of Rome; manipulated Senate and masses

A

Caesar Augustus/Octavian

109
Q

Jew; crucified; mission was to connect god to man

A

Jesus

110
Q

first Christian Roman emperor; official tolerance for Christianity

A

Constantine

111
Q

last of the good emperors of Rome; philosopher; “Meditations”

A

Marcus Aurelius

112
Q

capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire); built by Constantine

A

Constantinople

113
Q
  1. population decline
  2. outside invasions
  3. lead poisoning
  4. inflation
A

4 reasons for Rome’s decline

114
Q

Christian church leaders

A

clergy

22-23 School Year (5 decks)

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