World History LTMs U1 Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
time before writing
A
prehistory
2
Q
study of past societies through man made objects
A
archeology
3
Q
objects made by humans
A
artifacts
4
Q
study of human life and culture through skeletal remains
A
anthropology
5
Q
Old Stone Age
A
Paleolithic
6
Q
Middle Stone Age
A
Mesolithic
7
Q
New Stone Age
A
Neolithic
8
Q
skilled craft worker
A
artisan
9
Q
way of life of a group of people
A
culture
10
Q
shift from hunting and gathering to food growing
A
Neolithic Revolution
11
Q
a complex culture in which large numbers of human beings share a number of common elements
A
civilization
12
Q
kings or queens who rule a kingdom
A
monarch
13
Q
people who move from place to place
A
Nomads
14
Q
- cities
- government
- religion
- social structure
- writing
- art
A
6 characteristics of a civilization
15
Q
different people perform different tasks
A
division of labor
16
Q
- Tigris-Euphrates
- Nile
- Yellow/Huang He
- Indus
A
4 river valley civilizations
17
Q
belief in many gods
A
polytheism
18
Q
government that included a town or city and the surrounding area
A
city-state
19
Q
Sumerian temple built in layers
A
ziggurat
20
Q
government by divine authority
A
theocracy
21
Q
Sumerian structure; strongest form in a building; curved over an opening
A
arch
22
Q
Sumerian writing system using wedge-shaped marks
A
cuneiform
23
Q
government that unites many people or groups under one leader
A
empire
24
Q
cuneiform writing; arch; ziggurats; number 60
A
Sumerians
25
Babylonian laws written to regulate life and agriculture
Hummurabi Code
26
belief in one god
monotheism
27
line of rule is passed along in the family; Menes created
dynasty
28
a process of slowly drying a dead body to prevent it from rotting; Egyptians
mummification
29
1st recorded female pharaoh
Hatshepsut
30
pharaoh who died at age 18; famous funeral mask; cursed tomb
Tutankhamen
31
Egyptian writing
hieroglyphs
32
reed plant used by Egyptians as paper
papyrus
33
tombs of Egyptian pharaohs
pyramids
34
"great house"; religious and political leader; gods to their people
pharaohs
35
artifact that was key to Egyptian language
Rosetta Stone
36
purple dye, glass, and lumber; sea traders; alphabet
Phoenicians
37
led the Hebrews out of slavery in Egypt; 10 Commandments
Moses
38
first 5 books of the Old Testament; important to Hebrews
Torah
39
Hebrews most important contribution to Western Civilization
ethical monotheism
40
cruel warriors; cavalry; roads; postal system
Assyrians
41
efficient ruling system; Cyrus and Darius; Zoraster
Persians
42
wise leader Nebuchadnezzar; Hanging Gardens; astronomy
Caldeans
43
seasonal wind patterns often associated with rainfall
monsoon
44
nomadic group that gradually settled and took control of the Indus Valley and areas eastward; strong warriors
Aryans
45
1. Brahmins
2. Kshatriyas
3. Vaisyas
4. Sudras
5. Untouchables
4 official and 5th unofficial levels of the caste system in order
46
refers to individual self in Hinduism and Buddhism
atman
47
mental and physical practice to unite body and soul
yoga
48
India's major religion; reincarnation; dharma and karma
Hinduism
49
Hindu belief that the individual soul is reborn in a different form after death
reincarnation
50
Hindu belief; what people do in this life will determine what they will be in their next lives
karma
51
divine law; Hinduism; all people must do their duty
dharma
52
form of social organization unique to India
caste system
53
"Enlightened One;" founder of Buddhism
Siddharta Gautama
54
ultimate reality; perfect peace
nirvana
55
Buddhism; ordinary life is full of suffering and 3 other premises
Four Noble Truths
56
right view, right speech, right action are 3 of the 8 other premises for Buddhists
Eightfold Path
57
greatest India ruler; used Buddhist ideals to rule
Ashoka
58
Golden Age in Indian culture; engaged in foreign and domestic trade; efficient monarchs
Gupta
59
1. Shang
2. Zhou
3. Qin
4. Han
4 major Chinese dynasties
60
right to rule; authority to command; Zhou
Mandate of Heaven
61
war victor; prosperity; decline; rebellion
Dynastic Cycle
62
humans should act in harmony with the Universe; duty; Chinese philosophy
Confucianism
63
inaction not action; do not interfere with natural order; Chinese philosophy
Daoism
64
humans are evil by nature; harsh laws; Chinese philosophy
Legalism
65
"Chinese Peace;" a time of peace and prosperity for China
Pax Sinica
66
influenced Greek civilization; highly developed written language; palace at Knossos; sea Traders; Minotaur
Minoans
67
author of "The Illiad" and "The Odyssey"
Homer
68
population decline; food production dropped; few records
dark age
69
Greek city-state; city and its surrounding countryside
polis
70
fortified area on top of a hill; place of refuge; religious center
Acropolis
71
government for the people or in which all citizens take part
democracy
72
government ruled by only a few people
oligarchy
73
military state; organized and controlled; bravery valued
Sparta
74
one of the classic and most important civilizations because they had the best ideas and thinkers who shaped Western Civilization
Greeks
75
war between Greeks city-states and Persia
Persian War
76
citizens voted on all issues of government
direct democracy
77
citizens elect officials to vote on issues
representative democracy
78
height of Athenian power; Athens became center of Greek culture
Age of Pericles
79
war between Sparta and Athens; cultural rivalry; Athens surrendered
Peloponnesian
80
paintings on wet plaster walls
frescos
81
Homer's epic about the 10th year of the Trojan War
The Illiad
82
1st real historian; Greek
Herodotus
83
study of the most fundamental questions of reality and human experience
philosophy
84
essence of the universe found in music and numbers; theorem
Pythagoras
85
one of history's greatest thinkers and teachers; live ethically; "know thyself;" hemlock
Socrates
86
great philosopher; "Republic;" question of reality; aristocracy of intellectuals; dialogues
Plato
87
influential thinker; analyzing and classifying based on observation and investigation; Ethics, Poetics, Logic
Aristotle
88
father of modern medicine; disease comes from natural causes not punishment from gods
Hippocrates
89
a midpoint between two extremes; "Nothing in excess, and everything in proportion"
Golden Mean
90
value of pi; mathematician
Archimedes
91
1. Cynic
2. Stoic
3. Epicurean
3 schools of philosophy post-Alex era
92
athletic contests held in honor of the gods every 4 years
Olympics
93
greatest leader of Athens for 30 years; democracy reached its height; Delian League
Pericles
94
Macedonia king; strong leader and military strategist; conquered Persia and Egypt; a "man of the men"
Alexander the Great
95
spread of Greek ideas and culture blended with features from other Mediterranean cultures
Hellenistic Era
96
Homer's epic of a 10-year journey home
The Odyssey
97
democracy; magnificent temples and buildings; emphasized sound body and mind
Athens
98
Rome's and ours; a form of government where entitled voters elect representation
Republic
99
wealthy landowners; Rome's ruling class
patricians
100
Roman farmers, artisans, and merchants
plebians
101
series of three wars between Carthage and Rome; Rome finally wins and burns Carthage
Punic Wars
102
first Roman dictator; gave land to poor; enlarged senate; assassinated
Julius Caesar
103
Roman emperor; control of standing army; Cleopatra; suicide
Marc Antony
104
leader of most famous slave revolt in Roman history
Spartacus
105
Roman Peace; five good emperors; 200 years
Pax Romana
106
Roman emperor; brutal; killed people, including mother; started fire to Rome??
Nero
107
1. Purpose to life
2. easy to relate to
3. sense of belonging
4. didn't cost anything
four reasons why Christianity spread
108
smarter than Julius; supreme ruler of Rome; manipulated Senate and masses
Caesar Augustus/Octavian
109
Jew; crucified; mission was to connect god to man
Jesus
110
first Christian Roman emperor; official tolerance for Christianity
Constantine
111
last of the good emperors of Rome; philosopher; "Meditations"
Marcus Aurelius
112
capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire); built by Constantine
Constantinople
113
1. population decline
2. outside invasions
3. lead poisoning
4. inflation
4 reasons for Rome's decline
114
Christian church leaders
clergy
