World History LTMs U2 Flashcards by Ella Waigand

founder of Islam

Muhammad

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holy city of Islam in Arabia

Mecca

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battle in France where Islamic expansion into Europe was

Battle of Tours

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holy book of Islam in which Muhammad’s most important teachings are written

Qu’ran/Koran/Quran

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city in Arabia that was Muhammad’s refuge and where he first established Islam

Medina

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gift of money or property paid at marriage

dowry

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person learned in Islamic faith and law

Mullah

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the one Islamic God

Allah

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Recite the words of witness
Pray 5 times a day facing Mecca
Give alms to the needy
Make a pilgrimage to Mecca
Fast from sunrise to set during Ramadan

5 Pillars of Islamic faith (not single words)

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Muslim temple

mosque

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veil of Muslim women

hijab

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believe that the only intercessor between believers and Allah was the Koran

Sunni Muslims

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believe that a person - spiritual or secular authority - rather than the Koran was the intermediary between Allah and believers

Shiite Muslims

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Islamic holy war

Jihad

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Largest desert on Earth

Sahara

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major African trading empire; iron products, ebony, ivory, frankincense

Kush

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West Africa; trading state; strong rulers but no laws; well-trained army; iron and gold

Ghana

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nomadic people whose camels carried goods and supplies across Africa

Berbers

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famous African trading center; became center of Islamic learning and culture

Timbuktu

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mixed African and Arabian cultures in coastal areas

Swahili

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growing crops for personal use, not for sale

subsistence farming

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special class of storytellers who were historians who kept alive the people’s history

griots

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“strong ruler”; military tactics; largest land empire in history

Genghis Khan

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Venetian traveler; explorer and writer

Marco Polo

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Chinese invention that helped spread literature

wood block printing

Chinese clay ceramic

porcelin

Genghis' grandson; conquest in China

Kublai Khan

pastoral group who conquered much of southeast Asia

Mongols

powerful official who controlled the Japanese emperor

shogun

samurai code of honor

Bushido

most powerful state in mainland southeast Asia; presently Cambodia

Angkor

local Japanese aristocrats who controlled vast land and didn't pay taxes

daimyo

Japanese religion; spirits live in objects; reverence for emperor

Shinto

legendary first emperor in Japan

Jimmu

first real emperor in Japan; 300s; successors ruled until end of WWII

Sujin

warrior landlords who ruled local areas; code of ethics

samurai

Hindu warriors who tried to resist Mahud's attacks

Rajputs

Chinese dynasty that unified China; Grand Canal

Sui

first Germanic king to convert to Christianity

Clovis

1. Pope 2. Archbishop 3. Bishop 4. Priests

hierarchy of the Catholic Church (top-down)

fierce warrior; strong ruler; new title - Emperor of the Romans; Christian; long rule

Charlemagne

Christian practice of living life separate from outsiders in order to pray and dedicate life to God

monasticism

Norsemen who invaded Europe; warriors; shipbuilders

Vikings

political and social system; nobles offer protection and land in return for service

feudalism

economic system in which lord held rights over land and tenant

manorialism

code of ethics for knights

Chivalry

document of rights for the nobles of England; limited monarch's power

Magna Carta

representative institution in English government; House of Lords and House of Commons

Parliament

missionary brothers who converted Slavs to Orthodox Christianity; Cyrillic alphabet

Cyril and Methodius

the word of "Russia" is derived from this word

Rus

Kievan ruler who accepted Eastern Orthodox Christianity; cultural unification with the East - Byzantium

Vladimir I

great Byzantine emperor; code of laws; Theodora

Justinian

beautiful Byzantine cathedral built by Justinian

Hagia Sophia

Christian expeditions to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims; Pope Urban II; successful failures

Crusades

1. money 2. adventure 3. forgiveness of sins

3 reasons why people would join crusades

1. growth of Italian port cities & commercialism 2. first widespread attack on Jews 3. dismantling of Feudalism 4. new military technology 5. increased power of monarchs

results of Crusades on Europe

2 terms for the period of time between ancient and modern history

Middle Ages and Medieval Period

most common drink for people of Middle Ages because of pollution and waste

ale

economy based on money rather than bartering

money economy

name for group of merchants and artisans who set standards and controlled prices

guild

1. apprentice 2. journeyman 3. create a masterpiece

list in order the steps to become a master craftsman and join a guild

the practice of wealthy secular nobles choosing Catholic office holders; led to extreme wealth of the church and conflict with religious duties

lay investiture

Catholic Church's punishment of an entire region which involved withholding religious sacraments

interdict

brought papal power to its greatest political height

Pope Innocent III

founder of religious order; swore off all worldly wealth to preach repentance and help for poor

St. Francis of Assisi

beliefs against those of the Catholic Church

heresy

established to deal with finding and punishing heretics; Spanish took it to a new level

Inquisition

study of religion and God

theology

study to show that faith was in harmony with reason

scholasticism

one of the greatest intellects of the Catholic Church; scholarly investigation; "Does God exist?"

St. Thomas Aquinas

plague that killed 1/3 of European population; rats and fleas spread

Bubonic Plague

hostility towards Jews

antisemitism

removal of the papacy from Rome to Avignon, France; popes chosen by French monarch

Babylonian Captivity

divide in the Catholic Church; two popes--Rome and Avignon--Italy vs France

The Great Schism

French and English war over Gascony, France; change in warfare and feudal system; France eventually wins

Hundred Years' War

French fighter and religious leader; visions; burned at the stake by English as a heretic

Joan of Arc

new weapon technology in 100 Year's War

cannons, longbow

English Civil War between York and Lancaster houses; Red and White roses; establishes Tudor dynasty

War of the Roses

rulers of Spain who consolidated kingdoms; "encouraged" conversions to Catholicism

Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand

"3 sisters"; crops of the Mississippian culture; Hopewell and Iroquois

corn, beans, squash

Native American group who came together to promote internal peace; clan mother chose men to serve

Iroquois

earliest Mesoamerican civilization; stone heads

Olmec

most sophisticated civilization of the Americas; Yucatan Peninsula; cocoa bean=$, calender

Maya

warlike American society; metal working with gold and silver; Quetzalcoatl

Toltec

Tenochtitlan; ruled most of present-day Mexico; pyramids; wandering warriors; chinampas

Aztec

"children of the sun"; high altitude farming; best engineers; Machu Picchu; quipu

Inca

every type of climate and terrain can be found in this region; two great river systems

Americas

World History LTMs U2 Flashcards

(87 cards)