World History LTMs U3 Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
rebirth; began in Italy and spread to all of Europe; individualism; high culture; artistic and philosophical movement
A
Renaissance
2
Q
soldier of hire
A
mercenary
3
Q
The Prince; “the end justifies the means”; ethics of government
A
Machiavelli
4
Q
vernacular writing; Divine Comedy; soul’s journey to salvation
A
Dante Alligeri
5
Q
vernacular writing; Canterbury Tales; pilgrims journey to shrine
A
Geoffrey Chaucer
6
Q
literary movement; every day human problems; Petrarch, Erasmus, More
A
Humanism
7
Q
author of Utopia, the ideal country
A
Sir Thomas More
8
Q
attacked church abuses but remained loyal; “the philosophy of Christ”
A
Desiderius Erasmus
9
Q
ideal Renaissance man; painter, sculptor, architect, inventor; Mona Lisa and Last Supper
A
Leonardo DaVinci
10
Q
- location
- wealthy patrons
- Greco-Roman culture
A
3 reasons why Renaissance began in Italy
11
Q
German monk; 95 theses; translated Bible to German; Protestant Reformation
A
Martin Luther
12
Q
2 classic cultures
A
Roman and Greek
13
Q
protestant religion; predestination - elect and damned; Geneva
A
Calvinism
14
Q
wanted to divorce his wife but Pope said no; started Anglican Church
A
King Henry VIII
15
Q
Calvinism laid the foundation for this religious group
A
Puritanism
16
Q
founder of Jesuits
A
Ignatius of Loyola
17
Q
established many Protestant sects; shattered Catholic unity
A
Reformation
18
Q
steps to reform the Catholic Church in reaction to Protestantism
A
Counter-Reformation
19
Q
society of Jesus; stressed education; opposed killing - convert through conversation
A
Jesuits
20
Q
generally, a Christian who is not of the Roman Catholic or Eastern Orthodox faiths
A
Protestant
21
Q
formally accepted division between Catholicism and Protestantism
A
Peace of Augsburg
22
Q
- God
- Glory
- Gold
A
3 motives for European expansion
23
Q
- caravel
- cartography
- compass
A
3 technological advances that made long exploration possible
24
Q
Portuguese sailor who sailed around the tip of Africa to the coast of India
A
Vasco de Gama
25
"discovered" the Americas; believed he reached Asia; successful failures; controversial
Christopher Columbus
26
Spanish; first person to circumnavigate the globe; killed before returning home
Ferdinand Magellan
27
Florentine explorer; America named after him
Amerigo Vespucci
28
led the Spanish expeditions that brought down the Aztec civilization
Hernán Cortés
29
the idea that economic security depends on a large supply of gold and silver; fixed amount of wealth in the world - have to take from someone else
mercantilism
30
second stage of the triangular trade involving the shipment of slaves across the Atlantic
slave trade
31
settlement in a new area who is linked to the Mother country; exploited for raw materials
colony
32
English Protestant Queen; brought country to be a world power; defeated Spanish Armada
Elizabeth I
33
Spanish King; Wars to spread Catholicism; Armada beaten
Philip II
34
English King; gave up some of his powers to Parliament but later ignored limits; executed
Charles I
35
supporters of the monarchy during the English Revolution
Cavaliers/Royalists
36
supporters of parliament during the English Revolution
Roundheads
37
New Model Army; led to parliament supporters to victory in 30 yrs war; abolished English monarchy then dissolved parliament and set up a military dictatorship
Oliver Cromwell
38
William and Mary of Orange take the throne from James II; bloodless "war"; Bill of Rights from parliament; constitutional monarchy
Glorious Revolution
39
French King; absolutism; palace at Versailles; Sun King; many wars; French cultural height
Louis XIV
40
Prussian who organized the state and army; General War Commissariat
Frederick William
41
Russian word for Caesar
czar
42
first Russian czar; ruthless with nobility; killed son
Ivan IV
43
westernize and modernize Russia; absolute monarch; book of etiquette; seeking sea port
Peter the Great
44
social contract; people give ruler power to rule; ruthless struggle for self-preservation
Thomas Hobbes
45
natural rights; people have the right to replace gov. who doesn't protect citizens' rights
John Locke
46
a radical attempt to change the very structure of a country's government
revolution
47
elite Ottoman guard; well-armed infantry or administrators; served sultan
janissaries
48
Islamic defender of the faith; successor to Muhammad
caliph
49
Ottoman Turk's officials in local areas
pashas
50
Ottoman Turk ruler; political and military authority; hereditary
sultan
51
Ottoman Turk chief minister; controlled day-to-day operation of the government
grand vizier
52
Ottoman ruler; highest point in empire; skilled in government; patron of the arts; protected all people
Suleyman
53
Muslim empire who controlled Byzantine empire, Middle East, and north Africa; capital at Istanbul
Ottoman
54
King in Persia; spiritual leader
shah
55
Muslim empire who controlled most of Persia; Esfahan capital
Safavid Dynasty
56
Middle East Muslim market place
bazaar
57
rulers of India; height of power under Shah Akbar; Taj Mahal
Moguls
58
Hindu tradition of burning a widow on her husband's funeral pyre; Mogul try to stop
suttee
59
Mogul ruler; efficient bureaucracy; philosopher-king; "The Religion of God"
Akbar
60
trade group whose control in India led to Mogul decline; Robert Clive
East India Company
61
overthrew Mongols; national school system; oversees exploration; blue/white porcelain
Ming
62
dynasty based on the Manchus; "pure"; strong rulers
Qing
63
Chinese man's braided hair
queue
64
Chinese low bow
kowtow
65
status symbol for the rich Chinese; breaking of the feet to ensure the smallest foot possible
footbinding
66
rulers who completed unification of Japan; period of "Great Peace"
Tokugawa
67
Japanese theater that emphasized action, music, and gestures; no women actors
kabuki
68
distinctive Korean alphabet; phonetic
Hangul
69
four styles of monarchy in Southeast Asia
Buddhist Kings
Islamic Sultans
Javanese Kings
Vietnamese emperors
70
reason for economic interest in Malay Peninsula and Indonesia
Spices
71
theory that earth is the center of the universe
geocentric
72
theory that sun is the center of the universe
heliocentric
73
Polish astronomer; earth not the center of the universe - controversial
Nicholaus Copernicus
74
Italian astronomer and mathematician; orbs in the universe made out of material substance; telescope
Galileo Galilei
75
English astronomer and mathematician; laws of motion and gravitation
Issac Newton
76
philosophical movement; application of the scientific method to understand life
Enlightenment
77
English scientist; properties of gas
Robert Boyle
78
French philosopher; "I think, therefore I am;" rationalism
Rene Descartes
79
systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence
scientific method
80
English; scientific method; practical application for science
Sir Francis Bacon
81
French philosopher; criticism of Christianity; religious toleration; deism
Voltaire
82
economics; laissez-faire; "The Wealth of the Nations;" competition
Adam Smith
83
French philosopher; social contract; emotion & reason important to human development
Rousseau
84
1754-1763; decisive conflict that settled British and French rivalry in North America and world; "The sun never sets on the British empire"
Seven Years' War
85
1.Mozart
2.Bach
3.Haydn
4.Handel
Four enlightenment composers
86
the union of England and Scotland; United Kingdom; island of two countries, one kingdom
Great Britain
87
7 Years' war in North America; GB dominated NA from Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi River and from the Gulf of Mexico to almost the Arctic Ocean
French & Indian War
88
July 4, 1776; Delegates at the 2nd Continental Congress in Philadelphia; voted to declare their freedom from Great Britain; established United States as an independent nation
Declaration of Independence
89
General of the Continental Army; first US President
George Washington
90
chief American negotiator with British during American Revolution
Benjamin Franklin
91
colonies fought & won independence from GB with the help of France and Spain
American Revolution
92
principal author of the Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson
93
federal system of government; three branches of government; Bill of Rights
US Constitution
94
branch of government that enforces the laws; president
Executive
95
branch of government that makes the laws; Congress
legislative
96
branch of government that interprets and applies the laws; federal courts
judicial
97
first 10 Amendments to the Constitution
Bill of Rights
98
scene of decisive Am and Fr victory over the British; located in Chesapeake Bay, VA
Yorktown
99
head of gov established in England; chief minister of the cabinet; real leader of the gov
Prime Minister
100
a new way of thinking that relied on questioning and experimentation
Scientific Revolution
101
Old Regime; less than 1% of French population; clergy of the Roman Catholic Church; privilege & wealth
1st Estate
102
Old Regime; less than 2% of French population; nobility; thoughtlessness, irresponsible & wasteful
2nd Estate
103
Old Regime; 97% of French population; bourgeoisie, laborers, peasants, artisans; tithed; no say
3rd Estate
104
wife of Louis XIV of France; disliked for extravagance & resistance to reform; convicted of treason; guillotined
Marie Antoinette
105
instituted to squelch the threat of the counterrevolution in France; "national razor"; 100 days; Robespierre; fear & ignorance were motivating factors
Reign of Terror
106
French middle class merchants and professionals
bourgeoisie
107
French monarch; reigned 1774-92; weak; target of French Revolution for taxes & extravagance; guillotined
King Louis XVI
108
French Revolutionary; doctor from Paris; leader of extreme radical sect of the Jacobins; assassinated in his bath
Jean-Paul Marat
109
"stroke of state"; sudden overthrow of the government from within; Napoleon's method of taking control of France
coup d' etat
110
Jacobin ruler in France during Reign of Terror; "Republic of Virtue"; eventually guillotined
Robespierre
111
series of political changes France beginning in 1789 that brought about political, economic, and social turmoil
French Revolution
112
general at age 24; military genius; took control of France; "Grand Design" for Europe
Napoleon
113
sense of identity of people based on language, religion, and national symbols; leads to many rev.
Nationalism
114
Prussia, Great Britain, & the Dutch Netherlands defeated Napoleon's army; Napoleon surrendered to the British & was exiled & watched under guard until his death
Battle of Waterloo
