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22-23 School Year > World History LTMs U3 > Flashcards

World History LTMs U3 Flashcards

1
Q

rebirth; began in Italy and spread to all of Europe; individualism; high culture; artistic and philosophical movement

A

Renaissance

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2
Q

soldier of hire

A

mercenary

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3
Q

The Prince; “the end justifies the means”; ethics of government

A

Machiavelli

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4
Q

vernacular writing; Divine Comedy; soul’s journey to salvation

A

Dante Alligeri

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5
Q

vernacular writing; Canterbury Tales; pilgrims journey to shrine

A

Geoffrey Chaucer

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6
Q

literary movement; every day human problems; Petrarch, Erasmus, More

A

Humanism

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7
Q

author of Utopia, the ideal country

A

Sir Thomas More

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8
Q

attacked church abuses but remained loyal; “the philosophy of Christ”

A

Desiderius Erasmus

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9
Q

ideal Renaissance man; painter, sculptor, architect, inventor; Mona Lisa and Last Supper

A

Leonardo DaVinci

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10
Q
  1. location
  2. wealthy patrons
  3. Greco-Roman culture
A

3 reasons why Renaissance began in Italy

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11
Q

German monk; 95 theses; translated Bible to German; Protestant Reformation

A

Martin Luther

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12
Q

2 classic cultures

A

Roman and Greek

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13
Q

protestant religion; predestination - elect and damned; Geneva

A

Calvinism

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14
Q

wanted to divorce his wife but Pope said no; started Anglican Church

A

King Henry VIII

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15
Q

Calvinism laid the foundation for this religious group

A

Puritanism

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16
Q

founder of Jesuits

A

Ignatius of Loyola

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17
Q

established many Protestant sects; shattered Catholic unity

A

Reformation

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18
Q

steps to reform the Catholic Church in reaction to Protestantism

A

Counter-Reformation

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19
Q

society of Jesus; stressed education; opposed killing - convert through conversation

A

Jesuits

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20
Q

generally, a Christian who is not of the Roman Catholic or Eastern Orthodox faiths

A

Protestant

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21
Q

formally accepted division between Catholicism and Protestantism

A

Peace of Augsburg

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22
Q
  1. God
  2. Glory
  3. Gold
A

3 motives for European expansion

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23
Q
  1. caravel
  2. cartography
  3. compass
A

3 technological advances that made long exploration possible

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24
Q

Portuguese sailor who sailed around the tip of Africa to the coast of India

A

Vasco de Gama

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25
Q

“discovered” the Americas; believed he reached Asia; successful failures; controversial

A

Christopher Columbus

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26
Q

Spanish; first person to circumnavigate the globe; killed before returning home

A

Ferdinand Magellan

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27
Q

Florentine explorer; America named after him

A

Amerigo Vespucci

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28
Q

led the Spanish expeditions that brought down the Aztec civilization

A

Hernán Cortés

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29
Q

the idea that economic security depends on a large supply of gold and silver; fixed amount of wealth in the world - have to take from someone else

A

mercantilism

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30
Q

second stage of the triangular trade involving the shipment of slaves across the Atlantic

A

slave trade

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31
Q

settlement in a new area who is linked to the Mother country; exploited for raw materials

A

colony

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32
Q

English Protestant Queen; brought country to be a world power; defeated Spanish Armada

A

Elizabeth I

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33
Q

Spanish King; Wars to spread Catholicism; Armada beaten

A

Philip II

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34
Q

English King; gave up some of his powers to Parliament but later ignored limits; executed

A

Charles I

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35
Q

supporters of the monarchy during the English Revolution

A

Cavaliers/Royalists

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36
Q

supporters of parliament during the English Revolution

A

Roundheads

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37
Q

New Model Army; led to parliament supporters to victory in 30 yrs war; abolished English monarchy then dissolved parliament and set up a military dictatorship

A

Oliver Cromwell

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38
Q

William and Mary of Orange take the throne from James II; bloodless “war”; Bill of Rights from parliament; constitutional monarchy

A

Glorious Revolution

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39
Q

French King; absolutism; palace at Versailles; Sun King; many wars; French cultural height

A

Louis XIV

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40
Q

Prussian who organized the state and army; General War Commissariat

A

Frederick William

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41
Q

Russian word for Caesar

A

czar

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42
Q

first Russian czar; ruthless with nobility; killed son

A

Ivan IV

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43
Q

westernize and modernize Russia; absolute monarch; book of etiquette; seeking sea port

A

Peter the Great

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44
Q

social contract; people give ruler power to rule; ruthless struggle for self-preservation

A

Thomas Hobbes

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45
Q

natural rights; people have the right to replace gov. who doesn’t protect citizens’ rights

A

John Locke

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46
Q

a radical attempt to change the very structure of a country’s government

A

revolution

47
Q

elite Ottoman guard; well-armed infantry or administrators; served sultan

A

janissaries

48
Q

Islamic defender of the faith; successor to Muhammad

A

caliph

49
Q

Ottoman Turk’s officials in local areas

A

pashas

50
Q

Ottoman Turk ruler; political and military authority; hereditary

A

sultan

51
Q

Ottoman Turk chief minister; controlled day-to-day operation of the government

A

grand vizier

52
Q

Ottoman ruler; highest point in empire; skilled in government; patron of the arts; protected all people

A

Suleyman

53
Q

Muslim empire who controlled Byzantine empire, Middle East, and north Africa; capital at Istanbul

A

Ottoman

54
Q

King in Persia; spiritual leader

A

shah

55
Q

Muslim empire who controlled most of Persia; Esfahan capital

A

Safavid Dynasty

56
Q

Middle East Muslim market place

A

bazaar

57
Q

rulers of India; height of power under Shah Akbar; Taj Mahal

A

Moguls

58
Q

Hindu tradition of burning a widow on her husband’s funeral pyre; Mogul try to stop

A

suttee

59
Q

Mogul ruler; efficient bureaucracy; philosopher-king; “The Religion of God”

A

Akbar

60
Q

trade group whose control in India led to Mogul decline; Robert Clive

A

East India Company

61
Q

overthrew Mongols; national school system; oversees exploration; blue/white porcelain

A

Ming

62
Q

dynasty based on the Manchus; “pure”; strong rulers

A

Qing

63
Q

Chinese man’s braided hair

A

queue

64
Q

Chinese low bow

A

kowtow

65
Q

status symbol for the rich Chinese; breaking of the feet to ensure the smallest foot possible

A

footbinding

66
Q

rulers who completed unification of Japan; period of “Great Peace”

A

Tokugawa

67
Q

Japanese theater that emphasized action, music, and gestures; no women actors

A

kabuki

68
Q

distinctive Korean alphabet; phonetic

A

Hangul

69
Q

four styles of monarchy in Southeast Asia

A

Buddhist Kings
Islamic Sultans
Javanese Kings
Vietnamese emperors

70
Q

reason for economic interest in Malay Peninsula and Indonesia

A

Spices

71
Q

theory that earth is the center of the universe

A

geocentric

72
Q

theory that sun is the center of the universe

A

heliocentric

73
Q

Polish astronomer; earth not the center of the universe - controversial

A

Nicholaus Copernicus

74
Q

Italian astronomer and mathematician; orbs in the universe made out of material substance; telescope

A

Galileo Galilei

75
Q

English astronomer and mathematician; laws of motion and gravitation

A

Issac Newton

76
Q

philosophical movement; application of the scientific method to understand life

A

Enlightenment

77
Q

English scientist; properties of gas

A

Robert Boyle

78
Q

French philosopher; “I think, therefore I am;” rationalism

A

Rene Descartes

79
Q

systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence

A

scientific method

80
Q

English; scientific method; practical application for science

A

Sir Francis Bacon

81
Q

French philosopher; criticism of Christianity; religious toleration; deism

A

Voltaire

82
Q

economics; laissez-faire; “The Wealth of the Nations;” competition

A

Adam Smith

83
Q

French philosopher; social contract; emotion & reason important to human development

A

Rousseau

84
Q

1754-1763; decisive conflict that settled British and French rivalry in North America and world; “The sun never sets on the British empire”

A

Seven Years’ War

85
Q

1.Mozart
2.Bach
3.Haydn
4.Handel

A

Four enlightenment composers

86
Q

the union of England and Scotland; United Kingdom; island of two countries, one kingdom

A

Great Britain

87
Q

7 Years’ war in North America; GB dominated NA from Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi River and from the Gulf of Mexico to almost the Arctic Ocean

A

French & Indian War

88
Q

July 4, 1776; Delegates at the 2nd Continental Congress in Philadelphia; voted to declare their freedom from Great Britain; established United States as an independent nation

A

Declaration of Independence

89
Q

General of the Continental Army; first US President

A

George Washington

90
Q

chief American negotiator with British during American Revolution

A

Benjamin Franklin

91
Q

colonies fought & won independence from GB with the help of France and Spain

A

American Revolution

92
Q

principal author of the Declaration of Independence

A

Thomas Jefferson

93
Q

federal system of government; three branches of government; Bill of Rights

A

US Constitution

94
Q

branch of government that enforces the laws; president

A

Executive

95
Q

branch of government that makes the laws; Congress

A

legislative

96
Q

branch of government that interprets and applies the laws; federal courts

A

judicial

97
Q

first 10 Amendments to the Constitution

A

Bill of Rights

98
Q

scene of decisive Am and Fr victory over the British; located in Chesapeake Bay, VA

A

Yorktown

99
Q

head of gov established in England; chief minister of the cabinet; real leader of the gov

A

Prime Minister

100
Q

a new way of thinking that relied on questioning and experimentation

A

Scientific Revolution

101
Q

Old Regime; less than 1% of French population; clergy of the Roman Catholic Church; privilege & wealth

A

1st Estate

102
Q

Old Regime; less than 2% of French population; nobility; thoughtlessness, irresponsible & wasteful

A

2nd Estate

103
Q

Old Regime; 97% of French population; bourgeoisie, laborers, peasants, artisans; tithed; no say

A

3rd Estate

104
Q

wife of Louis XIV of France; disliked for extravagance & resistance to reform; convicted of treason; guillotined

A

Marie Antoinette

105
Q

instituted to squelch the threat of the counterrevolution in France; “national razor”; 100 days; Robespierre; fear & ignorance were motivating factors

A

Reign of Terror

106
Q

French middle class merchants and professionals

A

bourgeoisie

107
Q

French monarch; reigned 1774-92; weak; target of French Revolution for taxes & extravagance; guillotined

A

King Louis XVI

108
Q

French Revolutionary; doctor from Paris; leader of extreme radical sect of the Jacobins; assassinated in his bath

A

Jean-Paul Marat

109
Q

“stroke of state”; sudden overthrow of the government from within; Napoleon’s method of taking control of France

A

coup d’ etat

110
Q

Jacobin ruler in France during Reign of Terror; “Republic of Virtue”; eventually guillotined

A

Robespierre

111
Q

series of political changes France beginning in 1789 that brought about political, economic, and social turmoil

A

French Revolution

112
Q

general at age 24; military genius; took control of France; “Grand Design” for Europe

A

Napoleon

113
Q

sense of identity of people based on language, religion, and national symbols; leads to many rev.

A

Nationalism

114
Q

Prussia, Great Britain, & the Dutch Netherlands defeated Napoleon’s army; Napoleon surrendered to the British & was exiled & watched under guard until his death

A

Battle of Waterloo

22-23 School Year (5 decks)

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