world history test Flashcards
(38 cards)
Population boom: 1000-1250: Growth of towns and cities. causes?
Iron plough Three field system. Clearing forests and shrubs, less war, trade.
Commercial Revolution:
Growth of the middle class, guilds, and first banking houses, currency remerges.
what are some things that happpened in the high and late middle ages
Monarchies become more powerful and centralized.
English legal and constitutional practices evolve.
THe crusades are launched.
The catholic church gains more political and economic power.
Church reformers such as john wycliffe and jan hus try to reform the catholic church.
Black death(1346-1353)
who was the first king of unified england
Athelstan
domesday book
A comprehensive survey of the lands, resources, and tax obligation in england.
Feudal system
William implemented the feudal system in England redistributing land to his loyal Norman nobility in exchange for military service.
Instituted a more centralized government.
Common law:
The decisions of the royal courts became the basis of common law, or a legal system based on custom and court rulings. Unlike local feudal laws, common law was the same for all people
Early Jury system:
When traveling justices visited an area, local officials collected a jury or group of men sworn to speak the truth.
Parliament:
England’s legislature that evolved from the Great council.
great council
Parliament
Magna carta:
King John, son of Henry 2 angered his nobles with oppressive taxes and abuses of taxes.
In 1215 a group of rebellious barons cornered John and forced
him to sign the Magna Carta, or “GREAT CHARTER”.
what were the two laws the magna carta had
The Magna Carta contained two very important ideas: Nobles had certain rights, kings had to listen to the law.
what did king henry the second try to do to clergys
Tries to try Clergys in the royal court.
Capital:
Money for investment
Partnership:
An agreement between merchants to pool their funds together to finance large-scale ventures.
Bills of exchange:
Written notes that merchants could exchange for money- an early form of checks.
Middle class:
Merchants, traedrs, and artisans that emerged in the new towns.
Guild
An association of craftsmen or merchants. People who had similar skills.
How to become a guild member: Stages
Responsibilities
Master
(Age 25+)
Owned their own shop, trained
apprentices, and ran the guild.
Journeyman
(Age 16-21)
Most were salaried workers who
could become Masters by
producing a “Masterpiece.”
Apprentice
(Age 7-8)
They worked for the guild master
for free but got free food and
housing.
Hanseatic league:
As trade fairs declined an association of towns and merchant guilds emerges in Northerns Germany called the Hanseatic league.
Mostly covers northern europe.
Crusades:
Pope urban 2 called for the first crusade.
The first crusade resulted in the conquering of Jerusalem and much of the Holy Land. It was the only Successful Crusade.
Many military orders sprang up during the crusades such as the Knights templar and teutonic order.
The crusades affect europe by connecting it more with the east and increasing demands for good from the East such as spice,cotton, and silk.
Church law and authority:
Canon law is a body of laws that governed te catholic church and its courts
Excommunication:
People who disobeyed church law could be cut off from the church and its sacraments.
Interdict:
An order that excludes an entire town, region, or kingdom from receiving sacraments.
