world war 1 and 2 second deck Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
What responsibility does Germany have according to the Treaty of Versailles?
A
Germany takes full responsibility for starting the war.
2
Q
How much reparations did Germany have to pay as per the Treaty of Versailles?
A
132 billion gold marks ($31.4 billion US or $442 billion modern US).
3
Q
What territorial losses did Germany face after World War I?
A
Germany loses 25,000 square miles of territory and 7,000,000 people.
4
Q
Which territory did Germany have to give up to France?
A
Alsace-Lorraine.
5
Q
What happened to the outputs from Saar coal mines?
A
All outputs from Saar coal mines go to France.
6
Q
What colonies did Germany have to give up?
A
All colonies to other nations, including possessions in the Pacific to Japan or Australia.
7
Q
What restrictions were placed on the German military?
A
Most of the German army is dismantled and Germany is prohibited from manufacturing many modern weapons.
8
Q
What was the League of Nations?
A
An international organization established to promote peace.
9
Q
What significant political change occurred in Germany after World War I?
A
Revolution in Germany led to the establishment of the Weimar Republic.
10
Q
What major economic issue did Germany face post-war?
A
Massive inflation and economic depression.
11
Q
What was the Bolshevik Revolution?
A
A revolution in 1917 that led to the overthrow of the provisional government in Russia.
12
Q
What was Grigori Rasputin’s influence in Russia?
A
Had significant influence over Tsarina of Russia, effectively running the country while Nicholas was at war.
13
Q
What was the Duma?
A
A democratically elected legislature created to satisfy protesters.
14
Q
What led to the abdication of the Czar in 1917?
A
The Duma declared a new provisional government and had the support of the army.
15
Q
What were the Soviets?
A
Councils of working class citizens that formed in many cities.
16
Q
What was the outcome of the civil war in Russia?
A
Bolsheviks established a dictatorship after losing elections.
17
Q
Who were the Red Army?
A
Bolshevik forces during the civil war.
18
Q
What was the Great Purge?
A
A campaign by Stalin from 1936-1938 to eliminate opposition, resulting in many deaths.
19
Q
What was the main economic strategy of Stalin?
A
Five-Year Plans to increase industrialization.
20
Q
What was one major consequence of Stalin’s industrialization?
A
Famine in agricultural production leading to many deaths.
21
Q
Who was Vladimir Lenin?
A
Leader of the Bolsheviks and responsible for the ‘Red Terror.’
22
Q
What did Joseph Stalin do after Lenin’s death?
A
Cultivated a personality cult around Lenin and took control of the Communist Party.
23
Q
What was the Night of Long Knives?
A
A purge in June 1934 where Hitler eliminated political rivals.
24
Q
What is fascism characterized by?
A
One-party authoritarian government, suppression of political opponents, and extensive use of propaganda.
25
What event marked the beginning of Hitler's rise to power?
Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933.
26
What was the role of the Gestapo?
The secret police responsible for investigating and eliminating disloyalty.
27
What does the term 'Militarism' refer to?
The buildup of large militaries and weapons in anticipation of war.
28
Fill in the blank: The immediate spark for WWI was the assassination of _______.
[Archduke Franz Ferdinand].
29
What was the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles regarding military restrictions?
The German military was limited to 100,000 soldiers, no conscription, and banned from having an air force or submarines.
30
What was the significance of the Triple Entente?
An alliance formed by France, Russia, and Britain in response to German military growth.
31
What was the primary cause of the economic isolationism in Nazi Germany?
To reduce trade and be economically self-sufficient.
32
What was the impact of the Great Depression on the Nazi Party?
The Nazi Party increased its parliamentary seats significantly during this period.
33
True or False: Joseph Goebbels was the leader of the Gestapo.
False. Joseph Goebbels was the Minister of Propaganda for the Nazi Party.
34
What does propaganda aim to achieve?
Promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.
35
What is the War Guilt Clause in the Treaty of Versailles?
Article 231 placed full responsibility for the war on Germany.
36
What were the reparations imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany was required to pay extensive financial reparations to the Allied nations.
37
Name two territories that Germany lost due to the Treaty of Versailles.
* Alsace-Lorraine to France
* Colonies in Africa and the Pacific.
38
What military restrictions were placed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles?
* Limited to 100,000 soldiers
* No conscription
* Banned from having an air force or submarines.
39
What was the demilitarized zone established by the Treaty of Versailles?
The Rhineland was to be demilitarized, weakening Germany’s strategic position.
40
What economic effect did the Treaty of Versailles have on Germany?
The reparations and loss of key territories contributed to economic hardships.
41
How did the Treaty of Versailles contribute to political instability in Germany?
It led to widespread resentment, fostering extremist movements like the Nazi Party.
42
What was the public perception of the Treaty of Versailles in Germany?
The treaty was viewed as a 'Diktat' (dictated peace), leading to national humiliation and anger.
43
What was the nature of the Czar's rule in Russia?
The czar held absolute power, refusing political reforms or sharing power.
44
What economic conditions contributed to dissatisfaction in Russia before the revolution?
A majority of Russians were poor peasants, while the aristocracy lived in luxury.
45
What were the effects of rapid industrialization in Russia?
It led to poor working conditions, long hours, and low wages for factory workers.
46
What was a significant failure of Russia during World War I?
Russia's poor performance in World War I, along with heavy casualties, increased dissatisfaction.
47
What was the state of political freedom in Russia under the Czar?
There were no political parties or freedom of speech; opposition was suppressed.
48
How did Marxism influence the Bolshevik Revolution?
Ideas of Karl Marx influenced intellectuals and workers, promoting the idea of a proletarian revolution.
49
What conditions contributed to the Bolshevik Revolution?
* Widespread poverty
* Food shortages
* Harsh working conditions.
50
Who was the leader of the Bolshevik Revolution?
Vladimir Lenin.
51
What ideology did Lenin advocate for?
Marxist socialism, adapted to Russian conditions.
52
What was Lenin's role in the Soviet Union?
He was the first leader of the Soviet Union, pulling Russia out of WWI and implementing communist policies.
53
What was Leon Trotsky's role in the Bolshevik Revolution?
He was a key leader and the second-in-command to Lenin.
54
What significant military role did Trotsky play?
He was the head of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War.
55
What was Trotsky’s ideological conflict with Stalin?
Trotsky's ideas of permanent revolution conflicted with Stalin’s more pragmatic, national focus.
56
Why was Stalin able to take over instead of Trotsky?
* Stalin built a strong network of support within the Communist Party
* Trotsky was often isolated and lacked political allies.
57
What was the goal of Stalin's Five-Year Plans?
Rapid industrialization and collectivization of agriculture in the Soviet Union.
58
What was the focus of the First Five-Year Plan (1928-1932)?
Heavy industry, with an emphasis on coal, steel, and machinery production.
59
What was a significant consequence of collectivization under Stalin?
It resulted in widespread famine and millions of deaths.
60
How did Stalin maintain power?
* Use of terror
* Cult of personality
* Control of the media
* Economic and political purges.
61
What is fascism?
An authoritarian, nationalistic ideology emphasizing strong centralized power and suppression of opposition.
62
Who was Benito Mussolini?
The leader of Fascist Italy, establishing the first fascist regime in 1922.
63
What event marked Hitler's early attempt to gain power?
The Beer Hall Putsch in 1923.
64
What significant economic event helped Hitler rise to power?
The Great Depression.
65
What role did Joseph Goebbels play in the Nazi regime?
He was responsible for Nazi propaganda and controlling the media.
66
What was Heinrich Himmler's role in the Nazi Party?
He headed the Schutzstaffel (SS) and oversaw Nazi security.
67
What was the Night of the Long Knives?
A purge of the SA on June 30, 1934, to eliminate threats to Hitler's power.
68
Define hard power.
Coercive power involving military force or economic sanctions.
69
Define soft power.
The ability to influence others through attraction, persuasion, and diplomacy.
70
What was the economic impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany?
Massive inflation and economic depression.
71
What was the outcome of the Bolshevik elections?
The Bolsheviks lost but decided to eliminate the legislature.
72
What was the Great Purge?
A period from 1936-1938 when Stalin eliminated perceived threats within the Communist Party.
73
What is propaganda?
Information used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.
74
What was the significance of the League of Nations?
It was established to promote peace and cooperation among nations.
75
Who was Grigori Rasputin?
A mystic who had significant influence over the Tsarina of Russia.
76
What was one major reason for dissatisfaction with the Czar in Russia?
The Czar was perceived as being easily influenced and incompetent in leading the war.
77
What was the outcome of the February Revolution in 1917?
The Czar abdicated and a provisional government was established.
78
What characterized the second revolution led by the Bolsheviks?
The Soviets declared they had overthrown the provisional government.
79
What was the fate of the former Czar and his family?
They were executed by the Bolsheviks.
80
What did Stalin do after Lenin's death?
He treated Lenin as a legend to promote his own ideals and consolidate power.
81
What was one challenge of Stalin's Five-Year Plans?
Training unskilled peasants for factory work.
82
What was the role of Stakhanovites in the Soviet Union?
Individuals recognized and rewarded for exceeding production requirements.
83
What was the Beer Hall Putsch?
A failed coup attempt by Hitler in 1923 that resulted in his imprisonment for 9 months
## Footnote
During this time, Hitler wrote the book 'Mein Kampf'.
84
What significant reforms did Hitler implement in 1925?
He reformed the Nazi Party, which was still banned from speaking publicly in many parts of Germany.
85
What event began in 1929 that had a significant impact on Germany?
The Great Depression began.
86
How did the Nazi Party's parliamentary seats change from 1928 to 1932?
Increased from 14 to 230 seats in Parliament.
87
What position was Hitler appointed to on January 30, 1933?
Chancellor of Germany.
88
What happened in February 1933 involving the Reichstag?
The German legislature building burned down, likely by Nazis who blamed Communists.
89
What emergency powers were granted to Hitler and his cabinet in March 1933?
They were given powers to ban all other political parties.
90
What is the Night of Long Knives?
A purge in June 1934 where Hitler's security service killed political rivals, including Ernst Röhm.
## Footnote
This event is also known as the 'Rohm Purge' or 'Blood Purge'.
91
What title did Hitler take after President Hindenburg's death?
Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor.
92
What does Sturmabteilung (SA) refer to?
The paramilitary organization known as 'Storm Troopers' or 'Brownshirts' that provided security for Nazi rallies.
93
Who led the SA at its height?
Ernst Rohm.
94
What is the Schutzstaffel (SS)?
A paramilitary organization that became a formal security force for the Nazis in 1933.
95
What was the role of the Gestapo?
The secret police that investigated and arrested those deemed disloyal or undesirable.
96
Who was Heinrich Himmler?
The leader of the SS and Gestapo, responsible for carrying out the Holocaust.
97
Who was Hermann Göring?
Creator of the Gestapo and commander of the Luftwaffe, considered second in command to Hitler.
98
What was Joseph Goebbels' role in the Nazi Party?
Minister of propaganda responsible for spreading Nazi ideas through media.
99
Fill in the blank: The acronym M.A.I.N. stands for _______.
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism.
100
What was the Triple Entente?
An alliance formed by France, Russia, and Britain due to fears of German military growth.
101
What was the War Guilt Clause in the Treaty of Versailles?
Article 231 that placed full responsibility for WWI on Germany.
102
What economic impact did the Treaty of Versailles have on Germany?
It required Germany to pay extensive reparations, contributing to economic hardships.
103
What were the main reasons for dissatisfaction among the Russian people regarding the Czar?
Autocratic rule, economic inequality, industrialization problems, failure in WWI, lack of political freedom.
104
Who was Vladimir Lenin?
Leader of the Bolshevik Revolution who adapted Marxist socialism to Russian conditions.
105
What was Lenin's role in the Soviet Union?
First leader of the Soviet Union, pulled Russia out of WWI, and implemented communist policies.
106
What was the significance of the February Revolution in 1917?
Led to the abdication of the Czar and the rise of the Provisional Government.
107
What were Stalin's Five-Year Plans aimed at?
Rapid industrialization and collectivization of agriculture in the Soviet Union.
108
How did Stalin maintain power?
Use of terror, cult of personality, control of the media, and political purges.
109
Who was Benito Mussolini?
Leader of Fascist Italy who established the first fascist regime in 1922.
110
What was the immediate spark for WWI?
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist.
111
What type of warfare was primarily used in WWI?
Trench warfare.
112
What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles regarding military restrictions on Germany?
Limited to 100,000 soldiers, no conscription, and banned from having an air force or submarines.
113
What was the significance of the Night of the Long Knives?
It eliminated perceived threats to Hitler's power, consolidating his control.
114
What does 'hard power' refer to?
Coercive power that involves military force or economic sanctions.
115
What does 'soft power' refer to?
The ability to influence others through attraction and persuasion.
