Wounds, Bandages And Dressings

Question 1

What is the second stage of fibroplastic healing

Answer 1

Collagen phase. Collagen is created and layed down in wound to close it

Question 2

What is the 3rd stage of fibroplastic healing

Answer 2

Maturation phase. Scar eventually forms and becomes flatter, paler and softens dramatically.

Question 3

What is epithelial regeneration and when does it occur

Answer 3

Starts within hours of wound appearing but can take up to 5 days before cells completely migrate across the wound itself to attach to each other. Occurs in fibroblastic stage

Question 4

What are systemic factors that affect wound healing

Answer 4

Age
Nutritional status
Disease

Question 5

What are local factors that affect wound healing

Answer 5

Extent of damage in wound. 
Dessication of wound
Vascularity of area effected. 
Infection of wound 
Bleeding of wound
Foreign material in wound

Question 6

What does dessication of the wound cause

Answer 6

Tissue destruction and delayed healing

Question 7

What does the vascularity of an area affect

Answer 7

Highly vascular areas heal more quickly than others

Question 8

What does infection do to the wound healing

Answer 8

Mechanically seperation of wound margins or cellular disruption by toxins.

Question 9

What does bleeding do to slow wound healing

Answer 9

Clots must be absorbed or liquified. Best hemostasis is with pressure, clamping and tying and finally cautery

Question 10

What is the first stage of fibroplastic healing

Answer 10

Exudative stage. Acute inflammation and release of chemical mediators.

Question 11

What does a foreign body do to slow the healing

Answer 11

Will form a drainage tract as long as some remains.

Question 12

What are some external factors that affect wound healing

Answer 12

Drugs such as corticosteroids

Radiotherapy

Question 13

If a wound has been exposed for less than 6-8 hrs what is it considered

Answer 13

Uncomplicated and uninfected.

Question 14

If a wound is open more than 8hrs what is it considered

Answer 14

Complicated and infected

Question 15

What are the three types of wound healing

Answer 15

First intention
Second intention
Third intention

Question 16

What is healing by first intention

Answer 16

Primary closure and has a small scar

Question 17

What is healing by second intention

Answer 17

Granulation tissue with a scab and a large scar

Question 18

What is third intention healing

Answer 18

Suturing once granulation tissue has formed.

Question 19

What are the three c’s of wound treatment

Answer 19

Cleansing
Closing
Covering

Question 20

How do you prepare uncomplicated wounds

Answer 20

Protect while shaving area
Cleanse skin with antiseptic 
Flush wound with saline or chlorexidine 
Excise dead tissue and suture wound 
Apply dressing or bandages as needed

Question 21

How do you prepare complicated wounds

Answer 21

Protect while shaving area
Cleanse skin with antiseptic 
Flush wound with chlorhexidine. 
Apply wet saline dressings 
Cover with tefle pad 
Bandage.

Question 22

How does fluid drain with a penrose drain

Answer 22

Drains around them rather than through them.

Question 23

Generally when do you remove sutures

Answer 23

Between 7-14days

Question 24

What are some topical antibiotics

Answer 24

Polysporin, neomycin, silver sulfadiazine, nitrofurazone.

Question 25

What are some enzymatic debriefing agents

Answer 25

Castor oil, preparation H

Question 26

What do hydrophilic agents do

Answer 26

Cause diffusion of fluids through wound tissues into a bandage and allows easier absorption

Question 27

What are some lavage solutions you can use

Answer 27

Chlorhexidine solution, tris EDTA, povidone iodine, acetic acid

Question 28

Why do we use bandages

Answer 28

``` Prevent contamination of wound Prevent mutilation Maintain clean environment for wound healing Control edema (swelling) and seroma Prevent use of limb Support weak tissue Secure catheters ```

Question 29

What are the ten primary indications for bandages

Answer 29

``` Absorption Protection Antisepsis Pressure Immobilization Debridement Packing Information Comfort Aesthetic ```

Question 30

Describe the absorption of a dressing

Answer 30

Acts as a passageway and storage for wound draining.

Question 31

Describe the first layer of a bandage

Answer 31

Tefle pad to prevent adhesion.

Question 32

Describe te second layer of a bandage

Answer 32

Cling or cotton roll

Question 33

Describe the third layer of a bandage

Answer 33

Cling or vet wrap

Question 34

What is the protection role of a bandage

Answer 34

Protect the wound from further trauma

Question 35

What is the immobilization function of a bandage

Answer 35

Places the wound and rest and thereby decreases ️pain present and allows healing to occur without disruption from mechanical trauma. Also decreases the amount of scar tissue formation

Question 36

Describe the pressure aspect of a bandage

Answer 36

May exert a slight amount of pressure upon a wound. Reducing the amount of transudate collected in a dead space. Reduces the possibility of a seroma or a hematoma which become an excellent culture media for bacteria.

Question 37

What do you have to check the bandage for

Answer 37

Swelling, coolness, dryness and odour.

Question 38

What is debridement

Answer 38

Wet wound dressings are indicated to decrease the viscosity of the thick wound secretions thus aiding in their removal.

Question 39

What are some materials for bandaging

Answer 39

``` Gauze squares King /conform bandage Roll cotton and roll padding Different types of tape and Elastoplast Vet wrap Tefla pads ```

Question 40

What is the contact layer

Answer 40

Touches wound surface and remains in contact during movement Should minimize pain and prevent excess loss of body fluids Adherant - debridement required. Nonadherant - used when granulation tissue has formed and does not stick to wound.

Question 41

Describe the intermediate layer to bandages

Answer 41

Absorbent layer, removes and stores exudate, should be thick enough to collect fluid. Pads the wound against trauma. Limits movement and holds the contact layer in place

Question 42

What is the outer layer use for

Answer 42

Holds the other parts in place

Question 43

What are adherant bandage

Answer 43

Assist in debriding by liquefying necrotic debris.

Question 44

What are stabilizing bandages used for

Answer 44

Used to minimize further tissue damages, these are heavily padded such as a Robert Jones

Question 45

What are pressure bandages used for

Answer 45

Used to facilitate control of minor hemorrhage, edema. Goods for those spays that bleed, also for animals in shock

Question 46

What are pressure relief bandages used for

Answer 46

Used to prevent pressure, usually over a bony prominence. Donut shaped and well padded and difficult to maintain in place

Question 47

Describe an eye surgery bandage

Answer 47

Slip 2 fingers under

Question 48

Describe an aural hematoma bandage

Answer 48

If tight don't remove, just snip and retape loosely.

Question 49

Describe a pharyngostomy tube

Answer 49

If it slips and restricts respiration or swells neck then remove

Question 50

Describe a chest drain bandage

Answer 50

If dyspnea, remove or snip and retape loosely.

Question 51

If there are fractured ribs what do you do

Answer 51

Tape 1 1/2 on either side

Question 52

Describe gastrotomy tubes

Answer 52

Do not incorporate the prepuce in male dog

Question 53

Describe a laparotomy or spay bandage

Answer 53

Keep the bandage clean and dry from urine and feces

Question 54

Describe Robert Jones bandages

Answer 54

Highly padded, immobilizes fractures or Edema | Short term use or post op for surgeries.

Question 55

Describe an ehmer sling

Answer 55

Hind leg bandage used for hip luxation | Immobilizes leg and keeps joint in place

Question 56

What is a velpeau sling

Answer 56

Front leg for shoulder dislocation