Writing, Spelling and Listening Terms and Concepts

Question 1

brainstorming

Answer 1

a group problem-solving technique that involves the spontaneous contribution of ideas from all members of the group

Question 2

clustering

Question 3

complex sentence

Answer 3

a sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause

Question 4

compound-complex sentence

Answer 4

comprised of at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. example: Though Mitchell prefers watching romantic films, he rented the latest spy thriller, and he enjoyed it very much

Question 5

context

Answer 5

the parts of a written or spoken statement that precede or follow a specific word or passage, usually influencing its meaning or effect

Question 6

conventional

Question 7

drafting

Answer 7

writing the words of the paper. as part of the writing process, you will write multiple drafts of your paper. each rough draft improves upon the previous one. the final draft is simply the last draft that you submit

Question 8

editing

Answer 8

looking at each sentence carefully, and making sure that it’s well designed and serves its purpose. proofreading involves checking for grammatical and punctuation errors, spelling mistakes, etc. proofing is the final stage of the writing process

Question 9

etymology

Answer 9

the study of the origin of words and the way in which their meanings have changed throughout history

Question 10

graphophonemic knowledge

Answer 10

A knowledge of how letters in printed English relate to the sounds of the language

Question 11

informative

Answer 11

imparting knowledge, instructive

Question 12

inventive spelling

Answer 12

the practice of children using incorrect and unusual spellings for words. It is also sometimes called “invented spelling.” typically, inventive spelling is used by students who are just learning to put sounds together to make words: https://www.verywellfamily.com/what-is-inventive-spelling-620901

Question 13

listening skills

Answer 13

paying attention to a speaker and listening to understand, not to respond. it also includes complete focus on the speaker with minimal distractions out of respect and an intent to learn

Question 14

narrative

Answer 14

a spoken or written account of connected events; a story

Question 15

opinion

Answer 15

a view or judgment formed about something, not necessarily based on fact or knowledge

Question 16

oral language

Answer 16

the system through which we use spoken words to express knowledge, ideas, and feelings

Question 17

orthographic knowledge

Answer 17

the information that is stored in memory that tells us how to represent spoken language in written form: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10212-020-00464-7

Question 18

outlining

Answer 18

a visual strategy that improves student learning by helping students organize, clarify, and structure information and ideas

Question 19

phonemes

Answer 19

the smallest unit of sound in speech. when we teach reading we teach children which letters represent those sounds. for example – the word ‘hat’ has 3 phonemes – ‘h’ ‘a’ and ‘t’: https://earlyimpactlearning.com/what-is-a-phoneme-a-full-guide-for-teachers-and-parents/

Question 20

phonetic

Answer 20

the study of human speech. phonetics includes the study of how sounds are physically produced (by positioning the mouth, lips and tongue), and how sounds are perceived by a listener. phonetics can be compared to phonology, which is the study of the particular sound units (phonemes) of language

Question 21

prefix

Answer 21

parts of words that can be added to the beginning of a root word to change its meaning: https://braintrusttutors.com/what-are-prefixes/

Question 22

prephonetic

Answer 22

occurring before (or having no knowledge of) the development of phonemic analysis

Question 23

prewriting

Answer 23

preparation process that you can complete before you actually write your paper, essay or summary. prewriting helps you organize your thoughts, plan your research or writing, and clarify your thesis

Question 24

primary source

Answer 24

first-hand accounts, original manuscripts, records, or documents produced from the time period at hand

Question 25

publishing

Question 26

punctuation

Answer 26

the marks, such as period, comma, and parentheses, used in writing to separate sentences and their elements and to clarify meaning

Question 27

revising

Answer 27

to make changes to it in order to improve it, make it more modern, or make it more suitable for a particular purpose

Question 28

secondary source

Answer 28

a book, article, or other source that provides information about an object of study but does not constitute direct, first-hand evidence

Question 29

simple sentence

Answer 29

contains a subject (a person or thing performing an action) and a predicate (a verb or verbal phrase that describes the action) and expresses a complete thought as an independent clause. simple sentences do not contain dependent or subordinate clauses

Question 30

spelling skills

Question 31

structural analysis

Answer 31

a strategy that is used to facilitate decoding as students become more proficient readers. these advanced decoding strategies help students learn parts of words so they can more easily decode unknown multi-‐syllabic words. in structural analysis, students are taught to read prefixes and suffixes: https://dpi.wi.gov/sites/default/files/imce/ela/bank/RF_PWR_Structural_Analysis.pdf

Question 32

suffix

Answer 32

a morpheme added at the end of a word to form a derivative, e.g., -ation, -fy, -ing, -itis

Question 33

syntax

Answer 33

the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language

Question 34

transitional

Question 35

webbing

Answer 35

a graphic organizer strategy that provides a visual of how words or phrases connect to a topic, similar to mind mapping. it is used to generate, visualize, structure, and classify ideas, and as an aid to studying and organizing information, solving problems, making decisions, and writing

Question 36

writing conference

Answer 36

an approach that centers around the students’ thoughts and goals for their written pieces and allows the teacher to more deeply understand and assist each writer