Writing Theories Flashcards
(7 cards)
Kroll, Spelling Stages
Preparatory Stage (0-6 years): fine motor skills, basic spelling.
Consolidation Stage (7-8): write as they speak, incomplete sentences, use ‘and’ conjunctions a lot.
Differentiation Stage (9-10): differentiate between speech and writing, still errors, writing guides, different styles.
Integration Stage (mid-teens): personal style, write for an audience and purpose.
Christie and Derewianka
Early Childhood (up to 6-7): drawing, mark making, attempt to form letters and words.
Later Childhood (8-10): more structured, grammar and punctuation, organise ideas.
Adolescence (11-14): complex sentence structures, develop arguments, subject specific language.
Late Adolescence/Adulthood (15+): more sophisticated language, critical thinking, different audience and purposes.
Barclay, Stages of Writing
SCRIBBLING: random marks, blank paper and writing tools, talk about writing.
MOCK HANDWRITING: drawings, lines of wavy scribbles, resemble cursive writing.
MOCK LETTERS: letter-like shapes, resemble conventional alphabet letters.
CONVENTIONAL LETTERS: child’s name, string of letters, reads as a sentence.
INVENTED SPELLING: conventional letters, cluster letters to make words.
APPROXIMATED OR PHONETIC SPELLING: associate sounds with the letters, guess at spellings, e.g. phonetics.
CONVENTIONAL SPELLING: approximated spellings become more and more conventional.
Bereiter and Scardamarlia
Knowledge telling Strategy, content knowledge eg a child could be asked to sit and write about their holiday in Wales
Knowledge-transforming strategy, knowledge of discourse and style eg a tourist guide to Wales
Rothery’s 4 categories
Observation/comment: child observes and then makes comment
Recount: subjective, chronological account, tends to end with some sort of conclusion
Report: objective and factual, theme based
Narrative/story: most complicated genre, requires specific structure
Flower and Hayes, Constraints
Knowledge: constraint when it is not suited to the specific writing task.
Expressing knowledge: according to the grammatical and syntactical rules of writing
Purpose of the text and the intended audience
James Britton, Types of Writing
Expressive: egocentric, first person, explore identity
Poetic: promote creativity, build love of writing, self expression
Transactional: separate from own identity, impersonal and objective, real world application
