WW1 Flashcards by Alan Mitchell

By 1914, the simultaneous events of___

Industrialization, Nationalism and Imperialism had brought European countries into competition with one another

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This combined with a new series of alliances create a ___ in the ___ created after ___

1.Disturbance
2.Balance of powers
3.fall of Napolean

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In 1890, ___ of Germany abandons Germanies traditional ally (___) in favor of an alliance with ___

1.Kaiser Wilhelm II
2.Russia
3.Austria-Hungry

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This alliance comes as Austria-Hungary continued to pressure___

Serbia into their empire

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In 1912, Austria annexes ___, leading to ___

1.Serbia
2.Conflict

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The Triple Alliance

-Germany
-Austria-Hungary
-Italy

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The Triple Entity

France
Russia
Britain

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In 1914, future Hapsburg emperor, ___, visited Sarajevo to display the power of the monarchy

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

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The Black Hand

-Terrorist or Freedom Fighters
-Gavrilo Princip-Bosnian Serb nationalist who is most famous for assassinating Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, Sophie

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Archduke Franz Ferdinand is ___

assassinated

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following the assassination, Austria placed a series of ___ to the Serbians

Ultimatums

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On July 28,1914, Austria ___

Declared war on serbia

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___, sworn protector of the Slovic peoples, declares war on ___

1Russia
2.Austria

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Germany, Austria’s Ally, declares war on___

Russia

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France declares war on ___, and so does their ally, ___

1.Germany
2.Britain

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Germany now confronted a situation its generals had feared for decades:

-A war on 2 fronts at opposite ends of the country

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The Von Schlieffen Plan

-Knock France out of the war quickly by conquering Paris
-Catch the French off-guard by marching through Belgium

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-August 4, 1914-German forces enter ___

Belgium

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German forces are ___

successful, but had not
counted on delays caused by Belgian defenses

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why does Italy leave the tiple alliance?

becuase they viewed Germanies invasion of neutral Belgium as an
atrocity

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German forces began invading ___ in Late August

Northern France

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-France was in trouble

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French armies poised on the German Border

where caught completely off guard by the attack through
Belgium

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The invading German Army was now closer to

Paris than the french army

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By the 6th of September, the German Army was___, while the French army scrambled to

-closing in on Paris on the North -Enter from the South

The miracle would come from the ___ because they drove up to the French army and loaded them up on the hoods of cars.

Taxi cabs

After stopping the germans outside of Paris, the ___

French will continue to attack.

Although each attack was repelled with heavy losses,___

the French force the Germans to fall back and regroup

The Germans will ___

dig trenches in Northern France, and the French dig trenches facing the

Propoganda

communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda

Propoganda can be divided into 7 different categoris

Name-calling -glittering generalities -transfer -Testimonial -Plain-folk -Card-staking -Bandwagon

-With German troops bogged down in France, a new fear emerges for the Central Powers

-Russia

A large Russia army had been moving slowly___

westwards Germany

-In August of 1914, a tiny German and Austrian Army will take on the Russian

-Battle of Tannenberg

-This horrific defeat for Russia will begin a

slow retreat back into Russia for the next 3 years

1915 will bring out ___

major changes to the war

The Ottoman Empire, thirsting for

- revenge to the war

The ottoman empire, thirsting for revenge against ____ and ____ for ____ during the ____, will join the ____

1.Britain 2.france 3.land 4.Crimean 5.central powers

-Britain will attempt to knock them out of the war quickly

-Gallipoli-250,000 Australian troops die in 10 months

Following this failure, the British will encourage ___ to rebel against the ___ Lawrence of Arabia

1.Arabs 2.Ottomans -The film depicts Lawrence's experiences in the Ottoman provinces of Hejaz and Greater Syria during World War I, focusing on his attacks on Aqaba and Damascus and his involvement in the Arab National Council.

In Europe, The Germans are going to shift their focus on the war

-Force Britain out of the war - Battle of Jutland German navy bottled up in Baltic Sea

Germans begin to use___to attack__

1.U-boots 2.British sipping

May, 1915- Lusitania torpedoed

-1200 people die -Germany forced to give up unrestricted U-Boot warfare

With the end of Unrestricted U-Boot warfare, came the end of Germany trying to force ___

Britain out of the water

The Germans will steadily advance throughout ___ in 1915

1.Eastern Europe

Japan joins the ___, ___, ___ in 1915, and seizes ___

1.British 2.France 3.Russia 4.Germanies colonies in China

1915 will also see the 1st uses of ___

poison gas on the Western Front

With 1915 coming to an end,___

little had changed in terms of an end to the war

Neither side knows this,___

but 1916 will be the bloodiest year of the war

The Germans decided to shift their war effort back towards

France

This time, the plan was to “bleed France dry”

-February, 1916- The Battle of Verdun

The Battle of Verdun will end with both armies___

returning to their original lines

France suffered___ retaking the city

600,000

Germany suffered___casualties holding it

500,000

In June of 1916, Britain, believing Germany weakened following Verdun,___

launched frontal attacks against their front lines

Battle of the Somme

Britain loses 60,000 men in 1 day, and fails to take any trenches

Italy, seeing an opportunity to tip the balance of the war joins the ___, but is quickly ___

1.allies 2.German invasion

As 1916 draws to a close,

another year ends with no end and no change in the fighting

With the dawning of 1917,

Germany will make it’s final plan to end the war

The plan:

Resume unrestricted U-boot warfare Have Mexico keep the U.S. busy in the event that they declare war on Germany Channel all war resources into ending the war with Russia (Germany has a secret weapon) After Russia falls, launch an all-out assault on British and French troops before U.S. forces can arrive in Europe

Early in 1917, the United States will be made aware of the ___

zimmerman note

What did the Zemmerman note say to Mexico?

Telegraph to German ambassador to Mexico stating that if Mexico went to war with U.S., Germany would make sure they regained all land lost in the Mexican war

Following the discovery of this message, ___

the United States will declare war on Germany in April,1917

That same month, Germany releases its secret weapon on Russia

Vladimir Lenin- Communist agitator

Russia descends into revolution

Nicholas II forced to abdicate

In October of 1917, the Bolshevik revolution overthrows the Russian government

-Russia withdrawals from World War I

Germany then began to move its resources against

Britain and France

U.S. troops were still___

mobilizing

By the Spring of 1918, the final preparations were made,___

1.and Germany began its assault

British and French troops brace for the onslaught,

and eventually begin to give way in the face of the German juggernaut

German troops pour into the gap between the___

French and British armies

With this breakthrough, it appeared the Germans

were on their way to victory

Only one area of the Ardennes forest remained in Allied hands,

and the German army closed in on the defenders

Again and again, the Germans attack this Allied group, and again and again they are___

Repelled

The Germans eventually call off attacks to this wooded area, and call its defenders “tueffelhunden”

Devil Dog The Defenders were United States Marines

After identifying the presence of American troops in Europe,

the Germans realize that their last gamble had failed

German troops withdrawal back to their trenches,

and take up defensive positions

The war will drag on until November, when a___

Democratic revolution in Germany topples the monarchy

Kaiser Wilhelm II-

abdicates the throne

November 11, 1918-

Armistice Day

The victorious Allies meet at the___

palace of Versailles to discuss the terms of Germany’s surrender

The Victorious Allies met at the Palace of Versailles, and created a treaty ending World War I

Treaty of Versailes

Woodrow Wilson-

U.S President that created the 14 points

14 Points

Freedom of the seas End of Secret Alliances Self Determination League of Nations

Britain and France ___ most of Wilsons plan

rejected

German territory taken away to form new countries

Poland Czechoslovakia

Austria-Hungary

Hapsburg Dynasty ended Territory taken away to form Yugoslavia Austria and Hungary permanently separated

Russia

Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia become independent Territory taken away to form Poland