WW1

Question 1

What were the main causes of World War I?

Answer 1

Militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism.

Question 2

How did militarism contribute to World War I?

Answer 2

It led to an arms race and heightened tensions as nations competed to build military power.

Question 3

What role did alliances play in escalating conflicts into World War I?

Answer 3

Defensive alliances created a complex web of commitments, pulling multiple nations into conflict.

Question 4

Define imperialism in the context of World War I.

Answer 4

The competition for colonies and resources that led to territorial disputes among European powers.

Question 5

What is nationalism in the context of World War One?

Answer 5

Nationalism is an idea or movement that promotes the interests of a particular nation (as in a group of people) and involved strong patriotic feelings, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation’s sovereignty over its homeland.

Question 6

What economic impacts did WWI have on nations?

Answer 6

Inflation, unemployment (returning soldiers), and significant debt burdens, leading to post-war economic struggles.

Question 7

What marked the end of World War I in 1918?

Answer 7

The collapse of empires, redrawing of national borders, and the creation of the League of Nations.

Question 8

Describe the July Crisis.

Answer 8

A diplomatic crisis in July 1914 triggered by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, escalating tensions among European powers through a series of ultimatums and declarations of war.

Question 9

4 main political changes after WW1

Answer 9

1. Russian Revolution resulted in the formation of the Soviet Union
2. Imperial powers weakened, paving the way for decolonization movements
3. Treaty of Versailles redefined borders
4. New independent nations rose

Question 10

Examples of new independent nations after WW1

Answer 10

Austria, Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, and Turkey

Question 11

What is propaganda used for?

Answer 11

It was used by governments to shape public opinion and influence their beliefs, emotions and actions with the aim to boost morale among civilians and soldiers and mobilise support for the war effort, typically also exaggerated or distorted to portray the enemy negatively.

Question 12

What were the social changes due to WWI?

Answer 12

Women entering the workforce, more movements for social reform and workers’ rights, the idea of martial masculinity and technological advancements

Question 13

What were the major technological advancements in WWI?

Answer 13

Introduction of poison gas, tanks, airplanes, and machine guns, which transformed warfare.

Question 14

Explain trench warfare in WWI.

Answer 14

Troops dug trenches for defense, leading to prolonged, static battles with unsanitary conditions and high casualties where soldiers experienced constant shelling, sniper fire and occasional gas attacks.

Question 15

What was U-boat warfare?

Answer 15

German submarines targeted enemy ships and merchant ships to disrupt supply lines to disrupt naval operations and cut off the Allies’ supply lines, creating shortages of essential goods.

Question 16

What led to the U.S. entering WWI?

Answer 16

German unrestricted submarine warfare leading to the sinking of Lusitania in 1915 and the Zimmermann Telegram threatened American interests.

Question 17

What was the original political notion of the USA?

Answer 17

The USA had an isolationist foreign policy and pursued neutrality and peace.

Question 18

What happened after the US joined the Allies?

Answer 18

Boosted their resources and manpower like tanks that made trenches useless and a large army, tipping the balance in their favor.

Question 19

Who were the main members of the Allied Powers in WWI?

Answer 19

France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Italy (joined in 1915), and later the United States (joined in 1917)

Question 20

What motivated Italy to join the Allied Powers?

Answer 20

Italy left the Central Powers in 1915 due to promises of territorial gains in Austria and the Ottoman Empire.

Question 21

What was the trigger event of WW1?

Answer 21

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Question 22

Why was the assassination carried out?

Answer 22

The assassination was carried out because Franz suggested once he becomes king, Bosnia would gain a bit of independence by having its own parliment etc., so the Black Hands were afraid that that would make less people want Bosnia to gain full independence.

Question 23

When and where did the assassination take place and by who?

Answer 23

June 28, 1914, in Sarajevo, Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist named Gavrilo Princip

Question 24

What did Churchill intend to achieve when he was in favour of attacking Gallipoli?

Answer 24

to knock the Ottoman Empire out of the war; and secure a sea route to Russia so they could send help through the Dardanelles and allieviate the pressure on the Russians by having an army based in Turkey so it could be used to attack the Austrians

Question 25

3 reasons why the attack on Gallipoli failed

Answer 25

1. poor British planning/ leadership 2. strong Ottoman skills and tactics 3. unfamiliar and disadvantageous nature and the environment of Gallipoli for the Allies

Question 26

Expand on poor British planning and leadership

Answer 26

communication problems within the army and the central forces in the UK and the commander's little prior knowledge of the other army and landscape of the battlefield

Question 27

Expand on strong Ottoman skills and tactics

Answer 27

Germanisation of Turkish tactics and leading like attack formations, discipline and scientifically posted machine guns and trenches

Question 28

Expand on unfamiliar and disadvantageous nature and environment for the Allies

Answer 28

landing place for Brits was a high, narrow beach backed by a very high intricate mass of hills only fifty yards beyond the beach, so the Turks could surround them easily; hot and full of flies

Question 29

What happened to the colonies of Australia and New Zealand after the attack on Gallipoli?

Answer 29

soldiers fought and died bravely, demonstrating the values of determination, initiative, endurance and "mateship" (comradeship), and Gallipoli was the moment they showed enough courage to believe they deserved independence and to be free of the British

Question 30

How did the attack on Gallipoli shape Turkey?

Answer 30

Revelation for the Turks (courage), and Mustafa Kemal, the commander at Canakkale aka Gallipoli, becomes a war hero, then the president of Turkey from 1923-38, was extremely influencial and shaped Turkey

Question 31

Who fought in the attack of Gallipoli?

Answer 31

Britain, France, Australia, New Zealand, Turks

Question 32

Where and when was the attack of Gallipoli?

Answer 32

Gallipoli Peninsula in present-day Turkey April 1915 to January 1916.

Question 33

Who was involved in the Battle of Somme?

Answer 33

British, French, Germans

Question 34

When and where was the battle of somme held?

Answer 34

July to November in 1916 along the river Somme in northern France

Question 35

Purpose of the Battle of Somme

Answer 35

to relieve pressure on French forces at Verdun by distracting the Germans

Question 36

What was the initial plan by Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig for the Battle of Somme?

Answer 36

1. shelling/ bombs 2. foot soldiers to secure access 3. cavalry (to push through the enemy lines so they retreat)

Question 37

Why did the initial plan for the Battle of Somme fail?

Answer 37

Out of the 1.5 million shells, 2/3 were shrapnel and 1/4 were duds, hardly doing any damage

Question 38

What was the conclusion of the Battle of Somme?

Answer 38

It ended with massive casualties and minimal territorial gains

Question 39

What was significant about the first day of the Battle of the Somme?

Answer 39

It became the bloodiest day in British military history, with over 57,000 casualties.

Question 40

Who were the Central Powers in WWI?

Answer 40

An alliance consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.

Question 41

What was the alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary known as?

Answer 41

Dual Alliance

Question 42

What led to the Central Powers' defeat in WWI?

Answer 42

A combination of military exhaustion, economic strain, and the entry of fresh U.S. troops on the Allied side.

Question 43

Who was David Lloyd George?

Answer 43

The realist British Prime Minister during WWI in the liberal party, with the campaign pledge of making Germany pay

Question 44

What was Lloyd George's approach to the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 44

He sought justice rather than revenge, aiming to prevent future conflicts, speed up the economic recovery of Europe and prevent extremist movements (because of social unrest) through reasonable terms for Germany

Question 45

Describe the Eastern Front in WWI.

Answer 45

Characterized by vast distances and harsh conditions, with significant troop movements and battles, unlike the static, fortified lines of the Western Front.

Question 46

What were the notable battles on the Eastern Front?

Answer 46

The Battle of Tannenberg (German victory) and the Battle of Brusilov (Russian victory), both Russia looses hundreds of thousands/ a million people

Question 47

Was Russia successful or not in the war?

Answer 47

It loses a lot of men and its population is suffering badly with many problems and rising revolutions, so it ends up having to sign the harsh treaty of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk