XI Chap 6 Plant Anatomy Flashcards
(240 cards)
1
Q
Study of internal structure of plants is called ___________
A
anatomy
2
Q
Within angiosperms, monocots and dicots are seen to be anatomically different. T or F?
A
True
3
Q
Define tissue
A
group of cells,
common origin,
performing a common function
4
Q
Two main groups of plant tissues?
This difference is on the basis of ___________
A
Meristematic
Permanent
On the basis of whether cells are capable of dividing or not
5
Q
Growth in plants is largely restricted to ___________ regions of active cell division called ___________
A
specialised, meristems
6
Q
Meristos in ___________ (Latin/Greek) literally means ___________
A
Greek, divided
7
Q
Meristems which occur at the tips of ___________ and ___________ and produce ___________ tissues are called apical meristems.
A
roots, shoots, primary
8
Q
Shoot apical meristem occupies the ___________ region of the stem axis
A
distant most
9
Q
During formation of leaves and elongation of stems, some cells ‘left behind’ from shoot apical meristem constitute the ___________
A
axillary bud
10
Q
Axillary buds are present in the ___________ of leaves.
A
axils
11
Q
Axillary buds are capable of forming branches or flowers. T or F?
A
True
12
Q
What is the intercalary meristem?
A
meristem which occurs between mature tissues
13
Q
___________ meristem occurs in grasses and regenerates parts removed by the grazing herbivores
A
Intercalary
14
Q
Both ___________ meristems and ___________ meristems are primary meristems.
Why?
A
apical, intercalary
because they appear early in life of plant and contribute to formation of primary plant body
15
Q
Meristem that occurs in mature regions of roots and shoots are called ___________ or ___________ meristem
A
secondary, lateral
16
Q
Primary meristems appear later than secondary meristems. T or F?
A
False, other way around
17
Q
Secondary and lateral meristems are cylindrical meristems. T or F?
A
True
18
Q
Examples of lateral meristems?
A
Fascicular vascular cambium,
interfascicular cambium,
cork-cambium
19
Q
Lateral meristems are responsible for producing ___________ tissues
A
secondary
20
Q
Following divisions of cells in BOTH primary and secondary meristems, the newly formed cells become structurally and functionally specialised and lose the ability to divide. T or F?
A
True
21
Q
___________ or ___________ cells lose the ability to divide and constitute permanent tissues.
A
Permanent, mature
22
Q
During the formation of the primary plant body, specific regions of the apical meristem produce ___________, ___________ and ___________ tissues
A
dermal, ground, vascular
23
Q
Cells of permanent tissues do not generally divide further. T or F?
A
True
24
Q
Permanent tissues having all cells similar in structure and function are called ___________
A
simple tissues
25
Permanent tissues having many different types of cells are called ___________
complex tissues
26
Various simple tissues in plants are: (3)
parenchyma,
collenchyma,
sclerenchyma
27
___________ forms the major component within organs
Parenchyma
28
Cells of parenchyma are generally ___________
isodiametric
29
Parenchyma may be spherical, oval, round, polygonal or elongated in shape. T or F?
True
30
Parenchyma walls are ___________ (thin/thick) and made of ___________
thin, cellulose
31
Parenchyma may be closely packed or have small intercellular spaces. T or F?
True
32
Parenchyma functions: (3)
photosynthesis,
storage,
secretion
33
Collenchyma occurs in layers below the ___________ in most of the ___________ plants
epidermis, dicot
34
Collenchyma is found either as a homogeneous layer or in patches. T or F?
True
35
Collenchyma consists of cells which are ___________ (thin/thick)
Explain
Thick at the corners, due to deposition of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin
36
Parenchymatous cells may be oval, spherical or polygonal in shape and often contain chloroplasts. T or F?
False, Collenchymatous cells
37
Like parenchyma, intercellular spaces may be present in collenchyma. T or F?
False, in collenchyma intercellular spaces absent
38
Function of collenchyma?
Mechanical support to growing parts of the plant
39
___________ consists of long, narrow cells with thick and lignified cell walls having few or numerous pits
Sclerenchyma
40
___________ cells are usually dead or without protoplasts
Sclerenchyma
41
Sclerenchyma may be fibres or sclereids on the basis of variation in ___________, ___________ and ___________
structure, origin and development
42
Fibres are ___________ (thin/thick-walled), ___________ (short/elongated) and ___________ (blunt/pointed)
thick-walled, elongated, pointed
43
Fibre sclerenchyma generally occur in groups in various parts of plants. T or F?
True
44
Sclereids are spherical, oval or cylindrical in shape, highly ___________ (thin/thickened) dead cells with ___________ (narrow/large) cavities called ___________
thickened, narrow, lumen
45
Sclereids are commonly found in? (4)
fruit walls of nuts,
pulp of guava, pear, sapota
legumes,
leaves of tea
46
___________ provides mechanical support to organs
Sclerenchyma
47
Complex tissues are made of multiple cells of the same type that work together as a unit. T or F?
False, multiple cells of different types, rest is correct
48
What are the 2 complex tissues in plants?
Xylem, phloem
49
Xylem functions as a ___________ tissue for water and minerals from roots to stems/leaves.
conducting
50
Xylem provides ___________ strength to plant parts.
mechanical
51
Xylem is composed of how many elements? They are?
4,
| tracheids, vessels, xylem fibres and xylem parenchyma
52
___________ lack vessels in their xylem
| angiosperms, gymnosperms
Gymnosperms
53
___________ are elongated / tube-like cells with thick and lignified walls and tapering ends.
Tracheids
54
Tracheids are ___________ (alive/dead) and ___________ (with/without) protoplasm
dead, without
55
Inner layers of cell walls of tracheids have ___________ which vary in form.
thickenings
56
In angiosperms, ___________ and ___________ are the main water transporting elements.
Tracheids, vessels
57
___________ is a long cylindrical tube-like structure made up of many cells, each with lignified walls and large central cavity.
Vessels
58
Vessel cells are called ___________
vessel members
59
Vessel cells are ___________ (with/without) protoplasm
without
60
Vessel members are interconnected through ___________
perforations in their common walls
61
Presence of vessels is a characteristic feature of ___________
angiosperms, gymnosperms
angiosperms
62
Part of xylem that ___________ have highly thickened walls and obliterated central lumens
Xylem fibres
63
Xylem fibres are always aseptate. T or F?
False, they may be septate or aseptate
64
Part of the xylem that is living and thin-walled and their cell walls are made up of cellulose
Xylem parenchyma
65
Xylem parenchyma store food materials in the form of ___________ or ___________ and other substances like ___________
starch, fat, tannins
66
Radial conduction of water takes place by the ___________ cells
ray parenchymatous
67
Primary xylem is of two types: ___________ and ___________
protoxylem, metaxylem
68
The first formed primary xylem elements are called protoxylem and later formed secondary xylem elements are called metaxylem. T or F?
False, metaxylem is later formed but also PRIMARY XYLEM element
69
Endarch vs. exarch?
Endarch - stems, protoxylem lies towards the centre/pith and metaxylem towards the periphery
Exarch - roots, protoxylem lies towards the periphery and metaxylem towards the centre
70
Phloem transports ___________ usually from ___________ to other parts of the plants
food, leaves
71
In angiosperms, phloem is composed of ___________, ___________, ___________ and ___________
sieve tube elements, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibres
72
In gymnosperms, phloem is composed of ___________ and ___________, lacking ___________ and ___________
albuminous cells and sieve cells,
| sieve tubes and companion cells
73
Sieve tube elements are long, tube-like structures, arranged ___________ and associated with ___________
longitudinally, companion cells
74
End walls of sieve tube elements are ___________ in a sieve-like manner to form the ___________
perforated, sieve plats
75
A mature sieve element possesses a ___________ and ___________ but lacks a ___________
peripheral cytoplasm,
large vacuole,
nucleus
76
Functions of sieve tubes are controlled by the ___________
nucleus of companion cells
77
Companion cels are ___________ cells which are closely associated with sieve tube elements
Paren / Collen / scleren?
specialised parenchymatous
78
Sieve tube elements and companion cells are connected by ___________ present between their common ___________ walls
pit fields, longitudinal
79
Companion cells help in maintaining the ___________ in the sieve tube cells
pressure gradient
80
Phloem parenchyma is made up of elongated, tapering cylindrical cells which have ___________ and ___________
dense cytoplasm, nucleus
81
Cell wall of phloem parenchyma is composed of ___________ and has pits through which ___________ connections exist between the cells
cellulose, plasmodesmatal
82
The phloem parenchyma stores ___________ and substances like. ___________, ___________ and ___________
food material,
resins,
latex,
mucilage
83
Phloem parenchyma is absent in most of the dicots. T or F?
False, absent in most of monocots
84
Phloem fibres aka ___________ fibres are made up of ___________ cells
bast, sclerenchymatous
85
Phloem fibres are generally absent in the ___________ phloem but are found in the ___________ phloem
(primary, secondary)
primary, secondary
86
Phloem fibres are much elongated, unbranched and pointed, needle-like ___________
apices
87
Cell wall of phloem fibres is ___________ (thin/thick)
thick
88
At maturity, phloem fibres lose their ___________ and become dead
protoplasm
89
Phloem fibres of ___________, ___________ and ___________ are used commercially
jute, flax, hemp
90
First formed primary phloem consists of ___________ and is referred to as ___________ and the later formed phloem has ___________ and is referred to as ___________
narrow sieve tubes, protophloem
| bigger sieve tubes, metaphloem
91
What are the different types of tissues based on location?
1. Epidermal tissue system
2. Ground/fundamental tissue system
3. Vascular/conducting tissue system
92
___________ tissue system forms the outer-most covering of the whole plant body
epidermal tissue system
93
Epidermal tissue system comprises ___________ cells, ___________ and the epidermal appendages - ___________ and ___________
epidermal, stomata, trichomes, hairs
94
The ___________ is the outermost layer of the plant body
epidermis
95
___________ is made up of elongated, compactly arranged cells which form a continuous layer
epidermis
96
Epidermis is usually multi-layered. T or F?
False, single-layered
97
Epidermal cells are ___________ cells with a small amount of ___________ lining the cell wall and a large ___________
parenchymatous, cytoplasm, vacuole
98
Outside of epidermis is often covered with a ___________ layer called the ___________
waxy thick layer, cuticle
99
Cuticle of epidermis prevents ___________
loss of water
100
Cuticle is present in the entire plant body, including the roots. T or F?
False, absent in roots
101
___________ are structures present in the epidermis of leaves
Stomata
102
Stomata regulate the process of ___________ and ___________
transpiration, gaseous exchange
103
Each stoma is composed of two bean-shaped cells known as ___________ cells which enclose stomatal pore
guard
104
In grasses, the guard cells are ___________ shaped
dumb-bell
105
The outer walls of the guard cells are ___________ (towards / away) from the stomatal pore and are ___________ (thin/thick)
away, thin
106
The inner walls of the guard cells are ___________ (towards / away) from the stomatal pore and are ___________ (thin/thick)
towards, highly thickened
107
Guard cells possess ___________ and regulate the opening and closing of ___________
chloroplasts, stomata
108
Sometimes a few ___________ cells in the vicinity of the guard cells become specialized in their shape and size and are known as ___________ cells
epidermal, subsidiary
109
___________, ___________ and ___________ together are called stomatal apparatus
Stomatal aperture, guard cells, subsidiary cells
110
Cell of epidermis bear a number of ___________
hairs
111
Root hairs are ___________ elongations of the epidermal cells
unicellular
112
On the stem, epidermal hairs are called ___________
trichomes
113
Trichomes are:
___________ (unicellular / multicellular), ___________ (branched / unbranched),
___________ (soft / stiff)
multicellular,
either branched or unbranched,
either soft or stiff
114
Trichomes may be secretory and help in preventing water loss due to transpiration. T or F?
True
115
All tissues except ___________ and ___________ constitute the ground tissue
episermis, vascular bundles
116
Ground Tissue system consists of simple tissues such as ___________, ___________ and___________
parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma
117
Paranchymatous cells are usually present in the ___________, ___________, ___________ and ___________ in primary stems and roots
cortex, pericycle, pith and medullary rays
118
In leaves, ground tissue consists of ___________ (thin/thick-walled) chloroplast containing cells and is called ___________
thin-walled, mesophyll
119
Vascular system consists of ___________ and ___________
phloem, xylem
120
Xylem and phloem together constitute ___________
vascular bundles
121
In dicot stems, ___________ is present between phloem an xylem
cambium
122
Dicot stem vascular bundles are also called ___________ bundles.
Why?
open vascular bundles,
because of presence of cambium => possess ability to form secondary xylem and phloem tissues
123
Monocot vascular bundles are referred to as ___________ (open/closed).
Why?
closed
Do not have cambium => do not form secondary tissues
124
Radial vs. conjoint vascular bundles? Examples?
Radial - xylem and phloem arranged in alternate manner along different radii
e.g. roots
Conjoint - xylem and phloem are jointly situated along same radius
e.g. stems, leaves
125
Conjoint vascular bundles can be open i.e. with ___________ or closed i.e. without ___________
cambium, cambium
126
Conjoint vascular bundles usually have ___________ located only on the outer side of the ___________
xylem/phloem
phloem, xylem
127
Sunflower root is an example of ___________ root (monocot / dicot)
dicot
128
Outermost layer of dicot root is ___________
epiblema
129
Cells of epiblema protrude in the form of ___________ (unicellular/multicellular) root hairs
unicellular
130
Cortex of dicot root consists of several layers of ___________ cells ___________ (with/without) intercellular spaces.
thin-walled parenchyma,
| with
131
Innermost layer of dicot root cortex is called ___________
endodermis
132
Endodermis comprises a single-layer of _______-shaped cells ___________ (with/without) intercellular spaces
barrel, without
133
___________ as well as ___________ walls of endodermal cells of dicot root have deposits of suberin.
Tangential, radial
134
Suberin is:
___________ (water permeable/impermeable)
___________ (waxy / rough)
stored in the dicot root endodermal cell walls as ___________
water impermeable,
waxy,
casparian strips
135
Next to endodermis lies a few layers of ___________ (thin/thick-walled) parenchyomatous cells referred to as ___________
thick, pericycle
136
Initiation of lateral roots and vascular cambium during the secondary growth takes place in ___________
pericycle
137
The ___________ of dicot root is small or inconspicuous
pith
138
The parenchymatous cells which lie between the xylem and phloem are called ___________
conjunctive tissue
139
There are usually ___________ (how many?) zylem and phloem patches in dicot root?
2-4
140
Later in dicot root, a ___________ develops between xylem and phloem
cambium ring
141
All tissues on the innerside of the endodermis such as pericycle, vascular bundles, and pith constitute the ___________
stele
142
The anatomy of the monocot root is similar to the dicot root in many aspects. T or F?
True
143
Monocot root, like dicot root, has epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, vascular bundles and pith. T or F?
True
144
What's unique to monocot root when compared to dicot root?
1. more than 6 (polyarch) xylem bundles
2. pith is large and well-developed
3. no secondary growth
145
Transverse section of a typical young dicot stems shows that ___________ is the outermost protective layer
epidermis
146
Dicot stem epidermis is covered with a thin layer of cuticle, may bear trichomes and few stomata. T or F?
True
147
Cells in dicot stem arranged in multiple layers between ___________ and ___________ constitute the cortex
epidermis, pericycle
148
What are the 3 sub-zones of the dicot stem cortex?
1. hypodermis
2. cortical layers
3. endodermis
149
Hypodermis is the ___________ (inner/outer) zone of the cortex and consists of a few layers of ___________ cells, which provide ___________ to the young stem
outer, collenchymatous, mechanical strength
150
Cortical layers below ___________ consists of rounded thin-walled ___________ cells ___________ (with/without) intercellular spaces
hypodermis, parenchymatous, with conspicuous
151
Innermost layer of the dicot stem cortex is called the ___________
endodermis
152
Cells of dicot stem endodermis are rich in ___________ and the layer is also referred to as the ___________
starch grains, starch sheath
153
___________ is present on the inner side of the endodermis in dicot stem
Pericycle
154
In dicot stem, pericycle is present above the ___________ in the form of semi-lunar patches of ___________
phloem, sclerenchyma
155
In between the vascular bundles of dicot stem, there are a few layers of radially placed parenchymatous cells which constitute ___________
medullary rays
156
A large number of vascular bundles are arranged in a ___________ - a characteristic of dicot stem
ring
157
Each vascular bundle in dicot stem is ___________ (radial / conjoint)
___________ (open / closed)
and with ___________ (endarch / exarch) protoxylem
conjoint, open, endarch
158
A large number of rounded, parenchymatous cells with large intercellular spaces which occupy the central portion of the stem constitute the ___________
pith
159
The monocot stem has ___________ hypodermis
sclerenchymatous
160
The monocot stem has a large number of ___________ vascular bundles, each surrounded by a ___________
scattered, sclerenchymatous bundle sheath
161
Monocot stem has a large, conspicuous parenchymatous ___________
ground tissue
162
Vascular bundles in monocot stem are ___________ (radial / conjoint) and ___________ (open / closed)
conjoint and closed
163
In monocot stems, centrally located vascular bundles are generally smaller than the peripheral ones. T or F?
False, other way around
164
Phloem parenchyma is ___________ (present / absent) in monocot stem
absent
165
______-containing cavities are present within the vascular bundles of monocot stem
water
166
Vertical section of dorsiventral leaf shows three parts:
epidermis
mesophyll
vascular system
167
Epidermis of dicot leaf covers both the upper surface aka ___________ and the lower surface aka ___________
adaxial epidermis,
| abaxial epidermis
168
Epidermis of dicot leaf has a conspicuous cuticle. T or F?
True
169
___________ epidermis generally bears more stomata than ___________ epidermis
(abaxial / adaxial)
abaxial, adaxial
170
Adaxial epidermis may even lack stomata. T or F?
True
171
Tissue between the upper and lower epidermis of dicot leaf is called ___________
mesophyll
172
Dicot leaf is aka ___________ leaf whereas monocot leaf is aka ___________
dorsiventral, isobilateral
173
Mesophyll is made of up ___________ cells
parenchyma
174
What are the two types of cells in mesophyll?
1. palisade parenchyma
| 2. spongy parenchyma
175
The ___________ (abaxially/adaxially) placed palisade parenchyma is made up of elongated cells, arranged vertically and parallel to each other
adaxially
176
The oval or round and loose arranged ___________ is situated below the palisade cells
spongy parenchyma
177
Spongy parenchyma extends to the ___________
lower epidermis
178
There are numerous large spaces and air cavities between the spongy mesophyll cells. T or F?
True
179
Vascular system can be seen in the ___________ and ___________ of the dorsiventral leaf
veins, midrib
180
Size of vascular bundles in dorsiventral leaf is dependent on the size of the ___________
veins
181
The reticulate venation of dicot leaves ensure veins of similar thickness. T or F?
False, varying thickness
182
Vascular bundles of dorsiventral leaf are surrounded by layer of ___________ (thin/thick-walled) ___________ cells
thick-walled, bundle sheath cells
183
Anatomy of isobilateral leaf is similar to that of the dorsiventral leaf in many ways. T or F?
True
184
In an isobilateral leaf, stomata are present on both the surfaces of the epidermis. T or F?
True
185
Mesophyll in monocot leaf is not differentiated into palisade and spongy. T or F?
True
186
In grasses (monocot) certain adaxial epidermal cells along the veins modify themselves into large, empty, colourless cells called ___________
bulliform cells
187
When bulliform cells have absorbed water and are ___________, the leaf surface is ___________
turgid, exposed
188
When bulliform cells are ___________ due to water stress, they make the leaves ___________ to minimize water loss
flaccid, curl inwards
189
Parallel venation in monocot leaves is reflected in the near similar sizes of vascular bundles except in ___________
main veins
190
Growth of roots and stems in length with the help of apical meristem is called ___________
primary growth
191
Apart from primary growth, most dicot plants exhibit an increase in ___________ called secondary growth
girth
192
Tissues involved in secondary growth are:
two lateral meristems,
vascular cambium,
cork cambium
193
Meristematic layer that is responsible for cutting off vascular tissues is called ___________
vascular cambium
194
In the young stem vascular cambium is present in ___________ as a single layer between the ___________ and ___________
patches, xylem, phloem
195
Intrafascicular vs. Interfascicular cambium
InTRAfascicular: in dicot stems, cambium between primary xylem and primary phloem
InTERfascicular: in dicot stems, cells of medullary rays adjoining inTRAfascicular cambium becomes meristematic and forms inTERfascicular cambium
196
When cambial ring becomes active, it cuts off new cells both towards inner and outer sides. T or F?
True
197
Cells cut off towards pith mature into ___________.
Cells cut off towards periphery mature into ___________
secondary xylem,
secondary phloem
198
Cambium is generally more active on the ___________ (inner / outer) side
inner
199
The amount of secondary xylem produced is ___________ (less / more) than the secondary phloem
more
200
Secondary xylem forms a ___________ mass
compact
201
Primary and secondary ___________ gradually get crushed due to the continued formation of the secondary ___________
phloems, xylem
202
Primary xylem remains more or less intact during activity of cambial ring in/around the centre. T or F?
True
203
At some places the cambium forms a narrow band of ___________ which passes through the secondary xylem and phloem in the ___________ directions. These are called ___________
parenchyma, radial, secondary medullary rays
204
In the spring season, cambium is ___________ (less active / very active) and produces a ___________ (few / large) number of xylary elements that have ___________ (narrow / wide) vessels
very active, large, wide
205
Wood formed during active cambium season is called ___________ or ___________
spring wood / early wood
206
In the winter season, cambium is ___________ (less active / very active) and produces a ___________ (few / large) number of xylary elements that have ___________ (narrow / wide) vessels
less active, few, narrow vessels
207
Wood formed in winter is called __________
autumn wood / late wood
208
Spring wood is ___________ (lighter / darker) in colour and has a ___________ (lower / higher) density
lighter, lower
209
Autumn wood is ___________ (lighter / darker) in colour and has a ___________ (lower / higher) density
darker, higher
210
Two kinds of woods appear as alternate concentric rings constituting a _________ ring
annual
211
Annual rings seen in a cut stem give an estimate of _________ of the tree
age
212
In old trees, the greater part of _________ (primary / secondary) xylem is dark brown due to the deposition of _________
secondary,
| organic compounds like tannins, resins, oils, gums, aromatic substances and essential oils
213
Deposited substances in wood make it hard, durable and resistant to attacks of insects. T or F?
True
214
What is heartwood?
region comprising dead elements with highly lignified walls
215
Heartwood _________ (conducts / does not conduct) water and gives _________ support to the stem
doest not conduct, mechanical
216
What is sapwood?
Peripheral region of secondary xylem,
lighter in color,
involved in conduction of water / minerals
217
As the stem continues to increase in girth, the _________ and _________ layers get broken and need to be replaced to provide new protective cell layers
outer cortical, epidermis
218
What is cork cambium or phellogen?
another meristematic tissue,
usually in cortext region
to provide new protective cell layers for the stem
219
Phellogen is how many layers thick?
couple
220
```
Phellogen is made of
_________ (narrow / wide)
_________ (thin-walled / thick-walled)
_________ (shape?)
cells
```
narrow, thin-walled and nearly rectangular cells
221
Phellogen cuts off cells on both sides. T or F?
True
222
With phellogen, outer cells differentiate into _________ or _________ while the inner cells differentiate into _________ or _________
cork, phellem
| secondary cortex, phelloderm
223
Cork is impervious to water due to _________ in the cell wall
suberin deposition
224
Cells of secondary cortex as _________ous
parenchymatous
225
_________, _________ and _________ are collectively known as periderm
Phellogen,
phellem,
phelloderm
226
Due to activity of _________, pressure builds up on remaining layers peripheral to phellogen and these layers die / slough off.
Cork cambium
227
Bark is a non-technical term that refers to _________
all tissues exterior to vascular cambium (including secondary phloem)
228
Bark refers to a number of tissue types: _________ and _________
periderm, secondary phloem
229
Bark that is formed early in the season is called _________. End of season is called _________
early/soft bark,
| late/hard bark
230
At certain regions, the phellogen cuts off closely arranged _________ cells on the outer side instead of _________ cells
parenchymatous, cork
231
When parenchymatous cells rupture the epidermis, they form a lens-shaped opening called _________
lenticel
232
Lenticels permit the exchange of gases between the _________ and _________
outer atmosphere, internal tissue of stem
233
Lenticels occur in most _________
woody trees
234
In the dicot root, vascular cambium is complete _________ in origin
(primary / secondary)
secondary
235
In dicot root, cambium originates from the tissue located just below the _________, a portion of _________, above the _________ forming a complete and continuous wavy ring.
phloem bundles, pericycle tissue, protoxylem
236
Secondary growth also occurs in stems and roots of _________
gymnosperms
237
Secondary growth also occurs in monocotyledon roots. T or F?
False, does not occur in monocots
238
On the basis of presence of _________, location of _________ and _________, vascular bundles are of different types.
cambium,
| xylem, phloem
239
Monocot and dicot plants differ in _________, _________ and _________ of vascular bundles
number, type, location
240
Wood is actually secondary _________
xylem
