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Biology NEET > XII: Chapter 7 - Evolution > Flashcards

XII: Chapter 7 - Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Earth formed?

A

4.5 billion years ago

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2
Q

Which gases covered the surface of earth upon its formation?

A

Water vapour, methane, carbon dioxide and ammonia

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3
Q

What was the theory of spontaneous generation /

abiogenesis?

A

Life came out of decaying and rotting matter

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4
Q

What was the temperature of closed flask in Miller’s experiment?

A

800 °C

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5
Q

Which gases were added in the flask in Miller’s experiment?

A

Methane, hydrogen, water vapours and ammonia

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6
Q

Which compound did Miller first observe in his experiment?

A

Amino acids (GAGA- glycine, alanine, glutamate, aspartate)

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7
Q

Which compounds were obtained from Miller’s experiment?

A

Amino acids, sugars, nitrogen bases, pigments and fats

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8
Q

What would the first non cellular life forms have been?

A

Giant molecules like RNA, proteins, polysaccarides, etc

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9
Q

When did the first cellular life form probably originate?

A

2 billion years ago

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10
Q

What was the name of Darwin’s voyage ship?

A

H.M.S. Beagle

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11
Q

Fitness is the end result of the ability to adapt and get selected by nature. True/false?

A

True

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12
Q

Which scientist provided embryological support for evolution?

A

Ernst Heckel

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13
Q

Who disproved the embryological support for evolution?

A

Karl von Baer

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14
Q

Divergent structures are also called

A

Homologous

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15
Q

Vertebrate hearts are examples of analogy. True/false?

A

False. Vertebrate hearts are examples of homology.

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16
Q

The eyes of octopus and humans are examples of analogy. True/false

A

True

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17
Q

Flipper of dolphins and penguins are homologous organs. True/false?

A

False. Flippers of dolphins and penguins are analogous organs.

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18
Q

Is evolution a directed process in the sense of determinism?

A

No

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19
Q

Which was the original finch on Galapagos island?

A

Seed-eating finch

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20
Q

When more than one adaptive radiations have occurred in an isolated geographical area, it is called

A

Convergent evolution

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21
Q

Placental wolf and Tasmanian wolf show convergent evolution. True or false?

A

True

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22
Q

What are the two key concept of Darwinian Theory of Evolution?

A

Branching descent and natural selection

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23
Q

Which organism did Hugo deVries experiment on to bring forth the idea of mutations?

A

Evening primrose

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24
Q

How many factors are known to affect genetic equilibrium? Name them.

A 
Five factors-
Genetic drift
Mutation
genetic recombination
Natural selection
Gene migration/gene flow
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25
If gene migration occurs multiple times, it is called
Gene flow
26
If gene flow occurs by chance, it is called
Genetic drift
27
Around what time were invertebrates formed and active?
500 mya
28
Around what time did jaw-less fishes evlolve?
350 mya
29
Around what time did sea weeds originate?
320 mya
30
Which were the first organisms to invade the land?
Plants
31
Which fishes evolved into amphibians?
Lobefishes
32
Around what time did some reptiles go back to water and evolve into fish like reptiles- Icthyosaurs?
200 mya
33
What was the height of Tyrannosaurus rex?
20 feet
34
Around what time did dinosaurs disappear?
65 mya
35
Around what time did Dryopithecus and Ramapithecus exist?
15mya
36
Fossils found in Ethiopia and Tanzania revealed that human like primates were living around 3-4mya in Western Africa. True/false?
False. Fossils found in Ethiopia and Tanzania revealed that human like primates were living around 3-4mya in Eastern Africa.
37
Australopithecines probably lived in Australian forests. True/false?
False. Australopithecines probably lived in East African grasslands.
38
How did Australopithecines hunt and what did they eat?
Australopithecans hunted with stone weapons but essentially ate fruit.
39
Which was the first human like hominid?
Homo habilis
40
What was the brain capacity of Homo habilis?
650-800cc
41
Did Homo habilis eat meat?
Probably not
42
When did Homo erectus appear?
1.5 mya
43
What was the brain capacity of Homo erectus?
900 cc
44
Did Homo erectus eat meat?
Probably
45
What was the brain capacity of Neanderthal man?
1400 cc
46
Around which time did Neanderthal man exist?
1,00,000-40,000 years ago
47
When did Homo sapiens arise?
During ice age between 75,000 -10,000 years ago
48
Around which time did pre-historic cave art develop?
18,000 years ago
49
Who gave the term evolution?
Herbert sanger
50
When did universe originate according to big bang theory?
20 billion years ago
51
Which was the first organic compound on earth?
Methane
52
When did the first eukaryotic cell originate?
1.5 bya
53
According to the theory of special creation, how old is the earth?
4000 years old
54
Which Italian scientists proved the theory of biogenesis?
Redi, Spallanzani
55
Which scietist conducted the swan neck experiment?
Pasteur
56
What was the voltage applied to flask in Urey-Miller experiment?
75000 V
57
What were the colloidal organic molecules discovered by Oparin called?
Coacervates
58
What were the organic molecules discovered by Sydney Fox which showed budding called?
Microspheres
59
Phylloclade of opuntia and leaves of other plants are examples of homology. True/false?
False. They are examples of analogy.
60
Is canine tooth of humans vestigeal?
Yes
61
Nipples in males are vestigeal. True/false?
True
62
Rudimentary wings of flightless birds are vestigeal organs. True/false?
True
63
What are the function of femur and pelvic girdle in python?
No function, they are vestigeal
64
What is the maximum age of the fossils that can be detected by carbon dating?
100000 years old
65
Which is the most accurate fossil dating method?
Electron spin resonance theory
66
Name all the eras in chronological order.
``` Archaeozoic era Proterozoic era Palaeozoic era Mesozoic era Coenozoic era ```
67
Name the all the periods of Palaeozoic era in chronological order.
``` Cambian Ordovician Sillurian Devonian Carboniferous Permian ```
68
Name all the periods of Mesozoic era in chronological order.
Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous
69
Name the epochs of cenozoic era in chronological order (from oldest to recent).
``` Palaeocene Eocene Oligocene Milocene Pliocene Pleistocene Holocene ```
70
Most modern phyla were established in which period of time?
Cambrian period of Paleozoic era
71
In which period did fishes originate?
Ordovician period of Paleozoic era
72
Which period is known as the golden age of fishes?
Devonian period of Paleozoic era
73
In which period did amphibians evolve?
Devonian period of Paleozoic era
74
Amphibians dominated the earth in which period?
Carboniferous period of Paleozoic era
75
In which period did dinosaurs become extinct?
Cretaceous period of Mesozoic era
76
Name all ancestors of present day horses in chronological order.
``` Eohippus Mesohippus Merychippus Pliohippus Equus (present day horse) ```
77
What was the unit of evolution according to Darwin?
Species
78
What is allopatric isolation?
Reproduction isolation due to geographical barrier
79
What is sympatric isolation?
Reproductive isolation in the same geographical area but in different ecological niches.
80
What is also called Sewall Wright's effect?
Genetic drift
81
What is the difference between the browridge of apes and humans?
Apes- prominent browridge | Humans- less prominent browridge
82
Which organisms were the common ancestors of apes and man?
Dryopithecus
83
Which organism is considered as the connecting link between humans and apes?
Australopithecus
84
Which organism first discovered fire?
Homo erectus
85
Java man and Peking man belong to which species?
Homo erectus
86
Which organism is the direct ancestor of modern humans?
Cro-magnon man (Homo sapiens fossilis)

Biology NEET (39 decks)

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