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Xray - Week 9 PP Flashcards

1
Q

Importance of Interpretation

A

A lot of information about the teeth and supporting bone is obtained from image interpretation

  1. All dental images must be carefully reviewed and interpreted.
  2. Image interpretation is of paramount importance to the dental professional and plays a vital role in detection of diseases, lesions, and conditions of the teeth and jaws that cannot be identified clinically.
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2
Q

Who interprets images?

A

Any dental professional with training in interpretation can examine images.

This will involve identification of:

  1. normal anatomy
  2. dental restorations, dental materials, and foreign objects
  3. Dental caries
  4. periodontal disease
  5. traumatic injuries and periapical lesions
  6. Common artifacts and errors
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3
Q

Interpretation vs. Diagnosis

A

Interpretation
◦ An explanation of what is viewed on a dental image
Diagnosis
◦ The identification of disease by examination or analysis
* The final interpretation and diagnosis are the responsibilities of the dentist
* Dental hygienists and dental assistants are restricted by law from rendering a diagnosis

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4
Q

When are Where are images interpretated?

A
  1. It is best to have images taken at the beginning of the appointment and interpreted immediately after mounting in the presence of the patient
  2. Suspicious or questionable areas can be examined by the dentist or dental hygienist to obtain additional information or confirm a suspected problem
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5
Q

How is interpretation documented?

A
  1. All dental images must be reviewed & interpreted
  2. Interpretation must be documented
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6
Q

Interpretation must be documented and include:

A
  1. Date of exposure
  2. Number/type of images
  3. Evaluation of diagnostic quality
  4. List of limiting factors, retakes, or additional images needed
  5. Description of teeth
  6. Description of bone and supporting structures of teeth
  7. Detcription of artifacts
  8. indication of any areas that require additional images or clinic evaluation/confirmation
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7
Q

Images may be an educational tool in the dental setting…

A
  1. The patient may be educated through discussion of normal findings on dental images
  2. Specific problems and areas of concern may be identified
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8
Q

Why do you think that dental image interpretation is important for you as a dental assistant?

A

To be able to explain what is shown on the image to the patient

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9
Q

Normal Anatomy in Radiographs

A

The correct identification of normal radiographic anatomy will ensure a correct placement of
radiographs prior to an exposure and correct mounting technique.

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10
Q

Importance of Anatomy in Radiology - Film Placement

A

Promotes critical thinking and problem-solving to ensure all the necessary anatomy will be present in the radiograph after an exposure.

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11
Q

Importance of Anatomy in Radiology - Film Mounting

A

To understand where films are placed in the mount so they are easy to read for diagnosis.

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12
Q

Descriptive terms - in oral cavity affecting xrays

A

Tubercle - small bump or nodule
Tuberosity - rounded prominence
Canal – tube-like passageway through bone that contains nerves and blood vessels
Foramen – opening or hole that permits the passage of nerves and blood vessels
Fossa – broad, shallow, scooped-out, or depressed area
Sinus – hollow space, cavity, or recess

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13
Q

Dental Anatomy: The tooth - radiographic identifiable features of the tooth

A

Enamel - most radiopaque
◦ Dentin – less radiopaque
◦ Pulp cavity and canal(s) - radiolucent

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14
Q

Types of Bone

A

Cortical Bone - compact, dense layer of bone, appears radiopaque

Cancellous Bone - soft, spongey bone located between the cortical bone, appears radiolucent

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15
Q

Periodontal Ligament

A

the PDL shows as the space between the root of the tooth and the wall of the tooth socket. Appears as a thin radiolucent line aroundthe root of the tooth

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16
Q

The Alveolar Bone Crest

A

The most coronal portion of alveolar bone found between teeth

If it looks flat, deflated - indication of periodontal disease

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17
Q

Maxillary Anterior Landmarks

A
  1. Incisive Foramen
  2. Median palatine suture
  3. Nasal Septum
  4. Nasal cavity/fossa
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18
Q

Incisive Foramen

A

An opening or hole in the bone that is located at the midline of the anterior portion of the hard palate located between the maxillary central incisors

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19
Q

Median Palatal Suture

A

The immovable joint between the two palatine processes of the maxilla

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20
Q

Nasal Septum

A

A vertical bony wall that devides the nasal cavity into the right and left nasal fossae

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21
Q

Nasal Cavity / Fossa

A

A large radiolucent area above the maxillary incisors (separated betweeen the nasal septum)

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22
Q

Maxillary Posterior Landmarks

A
  1. Maxillary sinus
  2. Maxillary tuberosity
  3. Inverted Y
  4. Hamulus
  5. Zygomatic Process
  6. Nutrient Canals (Nerve Canal)
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23
Q

Maxillary Sinus

A

A large radiolucent area bordered by an irregular radiopaque line located above the apices of the premolars and molars

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24
Q

Maxillary Tuberosity

A

A rounded prominence of bone that extends posterior to the third molar region

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25
Inverted Y
The intersection of the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity
26
Hamulus
A radiopaque hook-like projection posterior to the maxillary tuberosity area
27
Zygomatic Process
Appears as a J or U shape radiopaque above the maxillary molars - this is your cheekbone!
28
Nutrient Canals
Tiny, tubelike passageways through bone, which contain blood vessels and nerves that supply maxillary teeth and interdental areas common to landmark these nerves before exraction of wisdom teeth
29
Mandibular Anterior Landmarks
1. Genial Tubercle 2. Lingual Foramen 3. Mental ridge
30
Genial Tubercle
Tiny bumps of bone on the linual aspect of the mandible appears radipaque
31
Lingual Foramen
A tiny opening or hole in bone located on the internal surface of the mandible appears radiolucent
32
Mental Ridge
a Line of bone located on the external surface of the anterior portion of the mandible, extending from the pre-molar region to the midline slopping upwards
33
Mandibular Posterior Landmarks
1. Mental foramen 2. Mandibular canal 3. Mylohyoid ridge 4. External oblique line (or ridge) 5. Ramus 6. Submandibular Fossa
34
Mental Foramen
An opening or hole in bone located on the external surface of the mandible near the mandibular near the mandibular premolars. Supplies nutrients to the lower lip
35
Mandibular Canal
A tubelike passageway that travels the length of the mandible. Houses the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessles
36
Mylohyoid ridge
A line of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible. Extends from the third molar down and toward the premolar area
37
External Oblique Ridge
Also known as the external oblique line, it is a linear prominence of bone located on the external surface of the body of the mandible
38
Ramus
A slightly radiopaque vertical band posterior to the maxillary and mandibular molars
39
Submandibular Fossa
A radiolucent area in the molar region below the mylohyoid ridge
40
Purpose of interpreting dental images while patient is present
The dental professional should interpret all dental images while the patient is present ▪ When dental images are interpreted without the patient present, some important clinical information is not available
41
Identification of Restorations
1. Amalgam restorations 2. Gold restorations 3. Stainless steel and chrome crowns restorations 4. Post and core restorations 5. Porcelain restorations 6. Composite restorations 7. Acrylic restorations
42
Amalgam Restorations - One-Surface
These appear as distinct, small, round or void radiopacities They may be seen on buccal, lingual, or occlusal surfaces
43
Amalgam Restorations - Large two-surface and multisurface
Appear radiopaque and are characterized by irregular outlines or borders
44
Amalgam Restorations - Amalgam Overhangs
Extensions of amalgam seen beyond the crown portion of a tooth in the interproximal region - Disrupts natural cleansing contours of the tooth, traps food and plaque and contributes to bone loss
45
Amalgam Restorations - Amalgam Fragments
- Fragments of amalgam may be inadvertently embedded in adjacent soft tissue during restoration of a tooth -They appear as dense radiopacities with irregular borders
46
Gold Restorations - Crowns and Bridges
Gold Restorations appear completely radiopaque and unlike amalgam restorations, exhibit a smooth marginal outline - Gold crowns and bridges appear as large radiopaque restorations with smooth contours and regular borders
47
Gold Restorations - Onlas
Gold onlays seen on maxillary premolars Note the distinct outline and contours
48
Restorations - Stainless Steel and Chrome Crowns
-Appear radiopaque but not as densely radiopaque as amalgam or gold - outlines are margins appear smooth and regular - Some areas may appear "see-through" on an image
49
Restortations - Post and Core
These can be seen in endodontically treated teeth The core portion resembles the prepared portion of a tooth crown, and the post portion extends into the pulp canal
50
Porcelain Restorations All-porcelain crowns and bridges
Appearance of porcelain restoratoins is slightly radiopaque and resembles the radiopacity of dentin a thin radiopaque line outlining the prepared tooth that represents cement may be evident through the slightly radiopaque porcelein crown
51
Restorations - Porcelain-fused-tometal crown
The metal component appears completey radiopaque and the porcelain component appears slightly radiopaque
52
Restorations - Composite
Composite restorations may vary in appearance from radiolucent to slightly radiopaque depending on the composition of the composite material
53
Restorations - Acrylic Restorations
Acrylic is the least dense of all nonmetallic restorations and appears radiopaque or barely visible on a dental image These are often used as an interim or temporary crown or filling
54
Restorative dentistry - Base materials
Are used to as cavity liners placed on the floor of a cavity preparation to protect the pulp The appear radiopaque less radiodense than amalgam
55
Restorative dentistry - metallic pins
Are used to enhance retention of amalgam or compostie The appear as cyndrical or screw shaped radiopacities
56
Endodontics - Gutta Percha
Gutta Percha is a claylike material used to fill pulp canals Appears radiopaque similar to base materials, is less radiodense than metallic restorations
57
Endodontics - Silver points
These are used to fill pulp canals they are very radiopaque, similar to other metallic materials, appear more radiodense than gutta percha
58
Prosthodontics - complete dentures
*Patients should be instructed to remove all complete and partial dentures before dental images are taken A complete denture that is not removed gives the illution of rootless or "floating" teeth
59
Prosthodontics - removable partial dentures
An RPD with a metal base with acrylic saddles appears densley radiopaque where metal is present and slightly radiopaque in the areas of acryllic
60
Orthodontics - bands
Orthodontic bands, brackets and wires may be observed on dental images - they have a chracteristic appearance
61
Oral Surgery - Implants
Implants are being used with increased frequency The appearance varies based on the shape and design of the implant used
62
Oral Surgery - Suture wires, metalic splints and plats, bone screws, and stabalizing arches
Used in oral surgery to stabalized fractures of the maxilla and mandible
63
Identification of Objects - Earrings
Earrings and ghost images can be seen on a panoramic images.
64
Identification of Objects - Necklaces
A metallic necklace appearing as a radiopaque loop in the region of the mandible.
65
Identification of Objects - Nose Jewelry
A maxillary anterior periapical image exposed ith nose jewelry in place.
66
Identification of Objects - Eyeglasses
The metal framework of the sides of eyeglasses can be seen on panoramic images. Appears as a radiopacity on dental images
67
Identification of Objects - Hearing Aids
Hearing aids can be seen on panoramic images. If they contain any metal components, they should be removed prior to exposure of extraoral images
68
Identification of Objects - Shrapnel
Shrapnel or small metal fragments that scatter outward from an exploding device may be viewed on dental images
69

1 - Xray (21 decks)

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