Y9 Cell Biology

Question 1

What is the function of a nucleus?

Answer 1

Controls all activities of the cell. Contains the genes in chromosomes

Question 2

What is the function of a permanent vacuole?

Answer 2

Large space containing cell sap. Helps to keep the cells rigid to support the plant

Question 3

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 3

This is where oxygen is used and most of the energy is released during respiration

Question 4

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 4

Made of cellulose & forms a non-living box as the cell to strenghthen & provide support

Question 5

What is the function of cytoplasm?

Answer 5

Chemical reactions needed for life occur in this liquid gel

Question 6

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 6

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 7

What is the function of chloroplast?

Answer 7

Contains chlorophyll, a green substance that absorbs light energy to make food by photosynthesis

Question 8

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 8

All the proteins needed for the cell are synthesised (made) here

Question 9

What type of cells are animal cells?

Answer 9

Eukaryotic

Question 10

What type of cells are plant cells?

Answer 10

Eukaryotic

Question 11

What type of cell is a bacteria cell?

Answer 11

Prokaryotic

Question 12

What is the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 12

Prokaryotic: a cell with no nucleus
Eukaryotic: a cell with a nucleus

Question 13

How does a prokaryotic cell reproduce

Answer 13

Reproduction is asexual

Question 14

How does a Eukaryotic cell reproduce?

Answer 14

Reproduction is sexual

Question 15

What does resolution mean?

Answer 15

Resolution means the ability to distinguish between 2 points

A higher resolution gives a sharper image

Question 16

What is the formula for magnification?

Answer 16

Magnification=
Image size/ actual size

Question 17

What is differentiation?

Answer 17

Differentiation is the process by which a cell changes to become specialised to do its job

Question 18

What have stem cells got the ability to do?

Answer 18

-change size and shape
-generate specialised cells

Question 19

What do stem cells need to be given in order to differentiate into a specialised cell?

Answer 19

They need to be given chemical and genetically conditions

Question 20

What are the two types of stem cells?

Answer 20

-embryonic (stem cells)
-adult (stem cells)

Question 21

What is an advantage of using a embryonic stem cell rather than a adult stem cell

Answer 21

embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any cell type in the body

Question 22

What is an enzyme?

Answer 22

An enzyme is a protein molecule which acts as a biological catalyst

Question 23

What is mitosis?

Answer 23

Mitosis is a type of cell division where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells

Question 24

What is diffusion?

Answer 24

Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 25

How can cells use diffusion?

Answer 25

Cells can use diffusion as a way of getting important particles in and out

Question 26

What are factors affecting diffusion?

Answer 26

-concentration gradient -temperature -distance particles must travel

Question 27

What is osmosis?

Answer 27

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a dilute to more concentrated solution

Question 28

To get into a cell particles have to go through what?

Answer 28

To get into a cell, particles have to go through a partially permable membrane

Question 29

What can and can not pass through partially permable membranes?

Answer 29

Water can pass through partially permable membranes Solutes can not pass through partially permable membranes

Question 30

What is active transport?

Answer 30

Active transport is the movement of particles from an area of low to an area of high concentration

Question 31

What is a bacteria optimum conditions for growth and rapid division?

Answer 31

-a medium to grow on/in -oxygen -food/nutrients -warm temperatures

Question 32

What is the reason for wearing lab coat and gloves?

Answer 32

Prevents contamination from the body

Question 33

What is the reason for disinfecting the work surface before use

Answer 33

Results in death of many micro-organisms present on work surface

Question 34

What is the reason of sterilisation of all equipment used?

Answer 34

Kills all micro-organisms present

Question 35

What are inhibition zones?

Answer 35

Inhibition zones are areas where bacteria colonies have not grown due to the antibiotic/ antiseptic present

Question 36

How often does bacteria divide?

Answer 36

Every 4-20 minutes