year 1 buzzwords Flashcards
(155 cards)
1
Q
A
2
Q
stony dull to percussion lungs
A
pleural effusion
3
Q
right sided pleuritic chest pain
A
most likely pneumonia
4
Q
alveolar bat wings Kerley B lines cardiomegaly dilated prominent upper lobe vessels
A
pleural effusion has become pulmonary oedema
5
Q
ground glass appearence on CXR
A
pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
6
Q
zeihl neelsen stain positive for acid fast bacilli
A
TB
7
Q
caseous necrosis
A
TB
8
Q
apical disease/ assman focus
A
most likely secondary TB
9
Q
miliary TB
A
spread of organsism into bloodtsream
10
Q
positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
A
goodpastures syndrome
11
Q
chest infection with parrot/ pigeon as a pet
A
chlamydiophila psciatti
12
Q
dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad
A
legionella
test urine for antigens
13
Q
tall thin young man who does marijuana, resp symptoms
A
pneumothorax
14
Q
bilateral hilar lyphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis and weight loss
A
sarcoidosis
15
Q
signet ring sign on CXR
A
bronchiectasis
16
Q
D sign on X ray
A
empyema
17
Q
steeple sign on CXR
A
croup - laryngeotracheobronchitis
18
Q
child with barking cough
A
croup
19
Q
pneumocystis pneumonia
A
HIV - treat with cotrimoxazole and prednisolone if severe)
20
Q
asthma and nasal polyps and salicylate sensitivity
A
samters triad
21
Q
samters triad
A
asthma, nasal polyps and salycylate sensitivity
22
Q
alcoholic and pneumonia - organism?
A
klebsiella
23
Q
red jelly sputum
A
klebsiella pneumoniae
24
Q
mucoid sputum
A
chlamydia psciatti
25
rusty sputum
pneumococcal pneumonia
26
cannonball mets (resp) - what is the primary
classically from primary renal cell carcinoma
27
morning headache resp
hypercapnia or side effect of organic nitrates
28
ACTH secreting lung tumour
SCC of lung
29
PTH secreting lung tumour
squamous cell
30
increased serum ACE and calcium
sarcoid
31
eggshell calcification of the hilar region
silicosis
32
heart failure cells seen in alveolar spaces
macrophages that have absorbed haemosiderin
found in chronic pulmonary oedema
33
ghon focus
area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung
found in TB
34
assmann focus
apical lesion of secondary TB infection
35
horners syndrome cause
pancoasts tumour or spread of local cancer to intrathoracic nodes
36
horners syndrome presentation
ptosis, enophthalmous, misois, lack of sweating on ipsilateral side of the face
37
acute asthma mx
OSHITMAN
oxygen
salbutamol neb
hydrocortisone IV
ipratropium bromide neb
theophilline IV
Mg IV
Anaesthetist
38
thumbprint sign on XR
epiglottis
39
inspiratory whoop/ barking cough
pertussis
40
snowstorm appearence on XR
silicosis
41
COPD infective exacerbation
iSOAP
ipratropium
salbutamol (SABA)
Oxygen
amoxicillin
prednisolone
42
non smoker and lung cancer
adenocarcinoma
43
squamous and SCLC are located where in the lungs
centralh
44
high D Dimers
suspect PE
45
low D dimers
exclude DVT/ PE
46
large PE mx
thrombolysis
47
small PE mx
LMWH
48
resp alkalosis
panic attack
49
frank pus on aspiration resp
empyema
50
obstructive lung disease - raised eosinophils
asthma
51
obstructive lung disease, raised neutrophils
COPD
52
where are issues found in coal workers pneumocosis
apex of the lung
53
when does ARDS occur
non cardiogenic pulmonary oedema leads to acute resp failure
54
non cardiogenic pulmonary oedema leads to acute resp failure
ARDS
55
CXR shows bats wings upper lobe venous diversion fluid in horizontal fissure, kerley b lines
pulmonary oedema
56
type 1 diabetic vomiting
metabolic acidosis query DKA
57
22 year old woman, weight loss, night sweats tender well defined nodules on shins bilateraly
erythema nodosum
58
honeycomb lung
fibroising alveolitis
59
protein levels in exudate
>30
60
protein levels in transudate
<30
61
squamous cell lung caner
smokers
62
lung adenocarcinoma
non-smokers
63
large cell lung cancer
sex hormone releasing
64
small cell lung cancer
worsgt prognosis, secreted ADH
65
what do brachal plexus lesions cause
finger tingling, arm pain
66
what does hypercalcaemia cause
moans - GI
stones - kidney stones
groans - psych - confusion etc
bones - pain and bone related conditions
67
spirometry in obstructive airway disease - asthma
FVC nromal
FEV1 reduced
FEV1/FVc ratio reduced
68
spiromery in obstructive airway disease - copd
FVC reduced
FEV1 reduced
FEV1/FVC ratio normal
69
spirometry in restrictive airway disease
FVC reduced
FEV1 reduced
FEV1/FVC ratio normal
70
TB drugs
2 RIPE 4RI
2 months
rifampicin
isoniazid
pyrazinamide
ethambutol
4 months
rifampicin
isoniazid
71
middle aged asian person presents with weight loss, night sweats, productive cough
TB
72
rifampicin side effect
red orange discolouration of urine and tears
73
isoniazid side effects
tingling, paraesthesia of the extremities
74
ethambutol side effect
change in vision, optic neuritis, red green colour blindness
75
sheep farmer pnuemonia
coxiella burnetti- Q fever
76
pneumonia in immunosuppressed/ HIV
pneumocysitis
77
rusty sputum
strep pneumoniae
78
fever and pleuritic chest pain relived by sitting up and leaning forwards
pericarditis
79
irregullarly irregular pulse
atrial fibrillation
80
ecg saw tooth baseline
atrial flutter
81
Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe
vessels pleural effusion
pulmonary oedema
82
rasied jvp/ hepatojugular
R sided heart failure
83
sense of impending doom
MI
84
saddle shaped ST elevation
pericarditis
85
broad complex tachycradia
ventricular problem
86
Mid-diastolic murmur with a tapping, undisplaced apex
mitral stenosis
87
pmhx rheumatic fever
mitral stenosis
88
Broad QRS with slurred upstroke on R wave (delta wave)
wolff parkinson white syndrome
89
tall tented t waves, wide qrs
hyperkalaemia
90
Patient gets pericarditis 4-6 weeks post MI. Relieved by sitting forward. Diffuse
saddle shaped ST elevation
dresslers syndrome
91
‘Blurred yellowing vision headache” →
digoxin toxicity
92
Janeway Lesions/Osler’s Nodes
(Subacute bacterial) infective endocarditis
93
Continuous Machine like Heart Murmur →
patent ductus arteriosus
94
Rib Notching on CXR
Coarctation of the aorta
95
Crescendo decrescendo murmur
aortic stenosis
96
slow rising pulse
aortic stenosis
97
Alcohol/dilated cardiomyopathy
pan-systolic murmur (mitral regurgitation)
98
Early diastolic murmur
mitral regurgitation
99
Diminished absent lower limb pulses
Coarctation of the aorta
100
Radio-femoral delay
coarctation of aorta
101
Radio-radial delay
coarctation or aortic dissection
102
systolic murmurs
mitral regurgitation
aortic stensois
103
Systolic murmur, radiates to the neck
aortic stenosis
104
Suspected endocarditis with bovis positive blood culture
need to do colonoscopy
as colon cancer is most likely cause of infective endocarditis
105
Sudden tearing/ripping chest pain, radiates to back
aortic dissection
106
Soft S1
mitral regurgutation
107
soft s2
aortic stenosis
108
malar flush, a fribrillation
mitral stenosis
109
‘Jones criteria’; migratory polyarthiritis, carditis, subcutaneous nodules, erythema
marginatum of skin
rheumatic heart disease
110
X and Y descents in JVP. All signs of heart failure
constrictive pericarditis.
Presents as congestive heart failure.
111
mitral stenosis causes
CRAP - congenital, rheumatic, prosthetic valve
112
mid diastolic rumbling murmur
mitral stenosis
113
Large ‘v’ wave/ raised JVP
tricuspid regurgitation
114
Tetralogy of fallot
RVH, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis and over-
riding aorta. Commonest cause of congenital cyanotic heart disease.
115
ACEi contraindication
renal artery stenosois
116
collapsing pulse
aortic regurgiattion
117
machine like murmur
patent ductus arteriosis – fails to close
118
slow rising pulse
aortic stenosis
119
splinter haemorrhages
infective endocarditis.
120
gingival hypertrophy
Gingivectomy/Biting on own gums → Side effect of
Calcium Channel Blockers or phenytoin
121
Bird beak appearance (and distended oesophagus)
Achalasia; if in lower GI
imaging is a sign of bowel obstruction
122
Grey Turner’s (lumbar redness) and Cullen’s sign (umbilical redness) positive
acute Pancreatitis
123
Murphy’s sign positive
cholecystitis
124
Pale stools, jaundice, abdo pain
biliary obstruction
125
Abdo distension, caput medusae, shifting dullness →
portal hypertension + ascites
126
Pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum
Crohns/UC
127
“Tinkling bowel sounds”
bowel obstruction
128
Sheep farming
hydatid disease
129
Vesicular rash + weight loss
Coeliac Disease
130
Rose spots, spots that blanch on pressure
typhoid
131
Virchow’s node (left supra-clavicular)
gastric cancer
132
urea breath test
h pylori
133
Cryptosporidium-
HIV/drug users/ TB pmhx
134
14 C breath test
bacterial overgrowth
135
“Rice-water”-like stools
vibrio cholera
136
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Presence of AMA (Anti mitochondrial antibodies)
137
Autoimmune hepatitis
Presence of ASMA (anti smooth muscle antibodies)
138
Alpha Feto Protein assay
hepatocellular carcinoma (or teratoma)
139
‘Cobblestone mucosa’; indicating deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa
Chrons
140
Diuretic for ascites (due to cirrhosis)
spironolactone
141
Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow
diffuse oesophageal spasm
142
Severe abdo pain + D/V after raw milk
Campylobacter
143
Scalloping on endoscopy
HIV
144
Russell’s sign
self induced vomiting
145
South east asia, thickening in small bowel folds, flocculation in barium enema =
tropical sprue
146
Mallory’s hyaline bodies
alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic
active hepatitis
147
Crypt abscess / cryptitis →
chrons
148
Onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts
primary sclerosing cholangiitis
149
thumb printing on X ray, commonly splenic flexure
ischaemic colitis
150
Charcot’s triad
Acute cholangitis i.e. fever, jaundice and abdominal pain secondary
to cholelithiasis.
151
Virchow’s node
lymph node in left supra-clavicular fossa suggestive of gastric
malignancy
152
Side effect of spironlactone-
gynaecomastia
153
mouth disease in chrons
stomatitis gangrenosum
154
replacement of oesophagus stratified squamous epithelium by simple columnar
epithelium with goblet cells
barrats oesphagus
155
thumb printing at splenic flexure
ischaemic colitis
