life; human life
ไบบ็ ใใใใ
to be born
็ใพใใ ใใพใใ
birthday
่ช็ๆฅ ใใใใใใณ
baby
่ตคใกใใ๏ผ่ตคใๅ ใใใกใใ๏ผใใใใผใ
kindergarten
ๅนผ็จๅ ใใใกใใ
day care center
ไฟ่ฒๅ ใปใใใใ
elementary school
ๅฐๅญฆๆ ก ใใใใใฃใใ
middle school
ไธญๅญฆๆ ก ใกใ ใใใฃใใ
high school
้ซๆ ก ใใใใ
elementary, middle, or high school student; pupil
็ๅพ ใใใจ
two-year college
็ญๅคง ใใใ ใ
education (to educate)
ๆ่ฒ๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
school entrance (to enter a school)
ๅ ฅๅญฆ๏ผใใ๏ผ ใซใ ใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
graduation (to graduate)
ๅๆฅญ๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใคใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
young (in one's teens or twenties)
่ฅใ ใใใ
underage person; minor
ๆชๆๅนด ใฟใใใญใ
getting a job (to get a job)
ๅฐฑ่ท๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใ ใใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
single; unmarried
็ฌ่บซ ใฉใใใ
marriage (to get married)
็ตๅฉ๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใฃใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
to marry X
X ใจ ็ตๅฉใใ X ใจ ใใฃใใใใ
divorce (to get divorced)
้ขๅฉ๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
middle aged
ไธญๅนด ใกใ ใใญใ
retirement (to retire)
้่ท๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
elderly person
่ไบบ ใใใใ
to grow older
ๅนดใใจใ ใจใใใจใ
death
ๆญป ใ
date of birth
็ๅนดๆๆฅ ใใใญใใใฃใด
age; age group
ๅนด้ฝข ใญใใใ
to give birth
็ฃใ ใใ
pregnancy (to get pregnant)
ๅฆๅจ ๏ผใใ๏ผ ใซใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
romantic love
ๆๆ ใใใใ
to love
ๆใใ
arranged marriage
่ฆๅใ็ตๅฉ ใฟใใใใฃใใ
marriage proposal (to propose marriage)
ใใญใใผใบ๏ผใใ๏ผ
engagement (to get engaged)
ๅฉ็ด๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
fiance/fiancee
ๅฉ็ด่ ใใใใใใ
boyfriend/girlfriend
ๆไบบ ใใใณใจ
wedding
็ตๅฉๅผ ใใฃใใใใ
honeymoon
ๆฐๅฉๆ ่ก ใใใใใใใใ
funeral
(ใ)่ฌๅผ (ใ)ใใใใ
grave
(ใ)ๅข (ใ)ใฏใ
occupation
่ทๆฅญ ใใใใใใ
company employee
ไผ็คพๅก ใใใใใใ
government employee; civil servant
ๅ ฌๅๅก ใใใใใ
factory worker
ๅทฅๅก ใใใใ
store clerk
ๅบๅก ใฆใใใ
office clerk
ไบๅๅก ใใใใ
(outside) salesperson
ใปใผใซในใใณ
receptionist
ๅไป ใใใคใ
secretary
็งๆธ ใฒใใ
bank employee
้่กๅก ใใใใใใ
engineer
ๆๅธซ ใใ
schoolteacher
ๆๅธซ ใใใใ
cook
ใณใใฏ
cafeteria worker
่ชฟ็ๅธซ ใกใใใใ
lawyer
ๅผ่ญทๅฃซ ในใใใ
journalist
ๆฐ่่จ่ ใใใถใใใใ
telephone operator
้ป่ฉฑไบคๆๆ ใงใใใใใใใใ
architect
ๅปบ็ฏๅฎถ ใใใกใใ
singer
ๆญๆ ใใใ
actor
ไฟณๅช ใฏใใใ
actress
ๅฅณๅช ใใใใ
women's hairdresser
็พๅฎนๅธซ ใณใใใ
barber
็ๅฎนๅธซ ใใใใ
judge
่ฃๅคใ ใใใฐใใ
scientist
็งๅญฆ่ ใใใใใ
college professor
ๆๆ ใใใใใ
military personnel
่ปไบบ ใใใใ
police officer
่ญฆๅฏๅฎ ใใใใคใใ
firefighter
ๆถ้ฒๅฃซ ใใใใผใใ
mail carrier
้ตไพฟ้ ้ๅก ใใ ใณใ ใฏใ ใใค ใใ
station employee
้ง ๅก ใใใใ
artist
่ธ่กๅฎถ ใใใใ ใคใ
musician
้ณๆฅฝๅฎถ ใใใใใ
photographer
ๅ็ๅฎถ ใใใใใ
accountant
ไผ่จๅฃซ ใใใใใ
interpreter
้่จณ ใคใใใ
translator
็ฟป่จณ่ ใปใใใใใ
author
ไฝๅฎถ ใใฃใ
athlete
ในใใผใ้ธๆ ในใใผใใใใใ
daycare worker
ไฟๆฏ ใปใผ
housekeeper; cleaning help
ๅฎถๆฟๅฉฆ ใใใใต
farmer
่พฒๆฐ ใฎใใฟใ
Catholic priest
็ฅ็ถ ใใใท
Protestant minister
็งๅธซ ใผใใ
Buddhist priest or monk
ๅงไพถ ใใใใ
Shinto priest
็ฅไธป ใใใฌใ
housewife
ไธปๅฉฆ ใใ ใต
diplomat
ๅคไบคๅฎ ใใใใใใ
politician
ๆฟๆฒปๅฎถ ใใใใ
funeral director
่ฌๅๅฑ ใใใใ
self-employed
่ชๆผๆฅญ ใใใใใใ
help-wanted advertisement
ๆฑไบบๅบๅ ใใ ใใใใใใใ
part-time job; part-timer
ใใผใใฟใคใ
to look for
ๆขใ ใใใ
recruitment (to recruit)
ๅ้๏ผใใ๏ผ ใผใใ ใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
to hire
้ใ ใใจใ
to apply for a job; to respond to an advertisement
ๅฟๅใใ ใใใผใใ
resume
ๅฑฅๆญดๆธ ใใใใใ
job interview (to interview)
้ขๆฅ๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใใใค๏ผใใ๏ผ
letter of recommendation
ๆจ่ฆ็ถ ใใใใใใใ
unemployment (to become unemployed)
ๅคฑๆฅญ๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใคใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
application form
ๅฟๅ็จ็ด ใใใผใใใ
filling in forms (to fill in forms)
่จๅ ฅ๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใซใ ใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
experience (to experience)
็ต้จ๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
educational history
ๅญฆๆญด ใใใใ
employment history
่ทๆญด ใใใใใ
salary
็ตฆๆ ใใ ใใใใ
commuting to work (to commute)
้ๅค๏ผใใ๏ผ ใคใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
overtime (to work overtime)
ๆฎๆฅญ๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
trading company
ๅ็คพ ใใใใใ
president of a company
็คพ้ท ใใใกใใ
executive
้ๅฝน ใใ ใใใ
department head
้จ้ท ใถใกใใ
section chief
่ชฒ้ท ใใกใใ
subsection chief
ไฟ้ท ใใใใกใใ
female clerical worker
OL ใชใผใจใซ
colleague
ๅๅ ใฉใใใใ
superior; supervisor
ไธๅธ ใใใใ
subordinate
้จไธ ใถใ
someone hired before you; someone with more experience than you; someone above you in a school grade
ๅ ่ผฉ ใใใฑใ
someone hired after you; someone employed, enrolled, or involved for less time than you; someone below you in a school grade
ๅพ่ผฉ ใใใฏใ
workplace
่ทๅ ด ใใใใฐ
incorporated company; corporation
ๆ ชๅผไผ็คพ ใใถใใใใใใ
enterprise; company
ไผๆฅญ ใใใใ
main store; bank headquarters
ๆฌๅบ ใปใใฆใ
branch store; bank branch office
ๆฏๅบ ใใฆใ
office
ไบๅๆ ใใใใ
factory
ๅทฅๅ ด ใใใใใ
businessman
ใใธใในใใณ
career woman
ใญใฃใชใขใฆใผใใณ
to type
ใฟใคใใๆใค ใฟใคใใใใค
office automation
OA ใชใผใจใผ
electric calculator
้ปๅ ใงใใใ
abacus
ใใใฐใ
cellophane tape
ใปใญใใผใ
stapler
ใใใใญใน
documents; papers
ๆธ้ก ใใใใ
information
ๆ ๅ ฑ ใใใใปใ
file
ใใกใคใซ
cabinet
ใญใฃใใใใ
printer
ใใชใณใฟใผ
programmer
ใใญใฐใฉใใผ
meeting
ไผ่ญฐ ใใใ
to come to work; to show up at work
ๅบๅคใใ ใใ ใฃใใใใ
to be fired
้ฆใซใชใ ใใณใซใชใ
to fire
้ฆใซใใ ใใณใซใใ
lateness (to be late)
้ ๅป๏ผใใ๏ผ ใกใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
leaving early (to leave early)
ๆฉ้๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
union
็ตๅ ใใฟใใ
strike
ในใ๏ผใฉใคใญ๏ผ
regular humble form of a verb
ใ ... ใใใ๏ผใใ
honorific form of progressive construction
ใ ... ใ
regular honorific form of verb
ใ ... ใซใชใ
to be sure to...
...ใใ ใซใใ
to reach the point of ...-ing
...ใใ ใซใชใ
passive ending for verbs
ใใใใ๏ผใใใ
humble form of ใใ
ใใ
humble form of ใใ
ใใใ
humble form of ่กใ๏ผๆฅใ
ๅใ ใพใใ
humble form of ่จใ
็ณใ๏ผ็ณใไธใ ใใใ๏ผใใใ ใใใ
humble form of ๅใใ
ๆๅใใ ใฏใใใใใใ
humble form of ๅใ
ใ็ฎใซใใใ ใใใซใใใ
humble form of ่ฆใ
ๆ่ฆใใ ใฏใใใใใ
humble form of ้ฃฒใ๏ผ้ฃในใ๏ผใใใ
ใใใ ใ
humble form of ใใใ
ๅทฎใไธใใ ใใใใใ
humble form of ็ฅใฃใฆใใ
ๅญใใฆใใ ใใใใฆใใ
humble form of ่ใ๏ผใใใญใ (to inquire)
ไผบใ ใใใใ
humble form of ่ฆใใ
ใ็ฎใซใใใ ใใใซใใใ
humble form of ๆใ
ๅญใใ ใใใใ
humble form of ใใใญใ (to visit)
ไผบใ๏ผใ้ช้ญใใ ใใใใ๏ผใใใใพ ใใ
respectful form of ่ฆใ
ใ่ฆงใซใชใ ใใใใซใชใ
respectful form of ่กใ๏ผใใ๏ผๆฅใ
ใใใฃใใใ๏ผใใใงใซใชใ
respectful form of ่จใ
ใใฃใใใ
respectful form of ้ฃในใ๏ผ้ฃฒใ
ๅฌใไธใใ ใใใใใ
respectful form of ใใ
ใชใใ
respectful form of ใใ
ใใใ
respectful form of ็ใ
ใๅฌใใซใชใ ใใใใซใชใ
respectful form of ใใใ
ไธใใ ใใ ใใ
respectful form of ๆญปใฌ
ใไบกใใชใใซใชใ ใใชใใชใใซใชใ
respectful form of ็ฅใฃใฆใใ
ใๅญใใ ใใใใใ
ไบบ็ ใใใใ
life; human life
็ใพใใ ใใพใใ
to be born
่ช็ๆฅ ใใใใใใณ
birthday
่ตคใกใใ๏ผ่ตคใๅ ใใใกใใ๏ผใใใใผใ
baby
ๅนผ็จๅ ใใใกใใ
kindergarten
ไฟ่ฒๅ ใปใใใใ
day care center
ๅฐๅญฆๆ ก ใใใใใฃใใ
elementary school
ไธญๅญฆๆ ก ใกใ ใใใฃใใ
middle school
้ซๆ ก ใใใใ
high school
็ๅพ ใใใจ
elementary, middle, or high school student; pupil
็ญๅคง ใใใ ใ
two-year college
ๆ่ฒ๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
education (to educate)
ๅ ฅๅญฆ๏ผใใ๏ผ ใซใ ใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
school entrance (to enter a school)
ๅๆฅญ๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใคใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
graduation (to graduate)
่ฅใ ใใใ
young (in one's teens or twenties)
ๆชๆๅนด ใฟใใใญใ
underage person; minor
ๅฐฑ่ท๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใ ใใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
getting a job (to get a job)
็ฌ่บซ ใฉใใใ
single; unmarried
็ตๅฉ๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใฃใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
marriage (to get married)
X ใจ ็ตๅฉใใ X ใจ ใใฃใใใใ
to marry X
้ขๅฉ๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
divorce (to get divorced)
ไธญๅนด ใกใ ใใญใ
middle aged
้่ท๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
retirement (to retire)
่ไบบ ใใใใ
elderly person
ๅนดใใจใ ใจใใใจใ
to grow older
ๆญป ใ
death
็ๅนดๆๆฅ ใใใญใใใฃใด
date of birth
ๅนด้ฝข ใญใใใ
age; age group
็ฃใ ใใ
to give birth
ๅฆๅจ ๏ผใใ๏ผ ใซใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
pregnancy (to get pregnant)
ๆๆ ใใใใ
romantic love
ๆใใ
to love
่ฆๅใ็ตๅฉ ใฟใใใใฃใใ
arranged marriage
ใใญใใผใบ๏ผใใ๏ผ
marriage proposal (to propose marriage)
ๅฉ็ด๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
engagement (to get engaged)
ๅฉ็ด่ ใใใใใใ
fiance/fiancee
ๆไบบ ใใใณใจ
boyfriend/girlfriend
็ตๅฉๅผ ใใฃใใใใ
wedding
ๆฐๅฉๆ ่ก ใใใใใใใใ
honeymoon
(ใ)่ฌๅผ (ใ)ใใใใ
funeral
(ใ)ๅข (ใ)ใฏใ
grave
่ทๆฅญ ใใใใใใ
occupation
ไผ็คพๅก ใใใใใใ
company employee
ๅ ฌๅๅก ใใใใใ
government employee; civil servant
ๅทฅๅก ใใใใ
factory worker
ๅบๅก ใฆใใใ
store clerk
ไบๅๅก ใใใใ
office clerk
ใปใผใซในใใณ
(outside) salesperson
ๅไป ใใใคใ
receptionist
็งๆธ ใฒใใ
secretary
้่กๅก ใใใใใใ
bank employee
ๆๅธซ ใใ
engineer
ๆๅธซ ใใใใ
schoolteacher
ใณใใฏ
cook
่ชฟ็ๅธซ ใกใใใใ
cafeteria worker
ๅผ่ญทๅฃซ ในใใใ
lawyer
ๆฐ่่จ่ ใใใถใใใใ
journalist
้ป่ฉฑไบคๆๆ ใงใใใใใใใใ
telephone operator
ๅปบ็ฏๅฎถ ใใใกใใ
architect
ๆญๆ ใใใ
singer
ไฟณๅช ใฏใใใ
actor
ๅฅณๅช ใใใใ
actress
็พๅฎนๅธซ ใณใใใ
women's hairdresser
็ๅฎนๅธซ ใใใใ
barber
่ฃๅคใ ใใใฐใใ
judge
็งๅญฆ่ ใใใใใ
scientist
ๆๆ ใใใใใ
college professor
่ปไบบ ใใใใ
military personnel
่ญฆๅฏๅฎ ใใใใคใใ
police officer
ๆถ้ฒๅฃซ ใใใใผใใ
firefighter
้ตไพฟ้ ้ๅก ใใ ใณใ ใฏใ ใใค ใใ
mail carrier
้ง ๅก ใใใใ
station employee
่ธ่กๅฎถ ใใใใ ใคใ
artist
้ณๆฅฝๅฎถ ใใใใใ
musician
ๅ็ๅฎถ ใใใใใ
photographer
ไผ่จๅฃซ ใใใใใ
accountant
้่จณ ใคใใใ
interpreter
็ฟป่จณ่ ใปใใใใใ
translator
ไฝๅฎถ ใใฃใ
author
ในใใผใ้ธๆ ในใใผใใใใใ
athlete
ไฟๆฏ ใปใผ
daycare worker
ๅฎถๆฟๅฉฆ ใใใใต
housekeeper; cleaning help
่พฒๆฐ ใฎใใฟใ
farmer
็ฅ็ถ ใใใท
Catholic priest
็งๅธซ ใผใใ
Protestant minister
ๅงไพถ ใใใใ
Buddhist priest or monk
็ฅไธป ใใใฌใ
Shinto priest
ไธปๅฉฆ ใใ ใต
housewife
ๅคไบคๅฎ ใใใใใใ
diplomat
ๆฟๆฒปๅฎถ ใใใใ
politician
่ฌๅๅฑ ใใใใ
funeral director
่ชๆผๆฅญ ใใใใใใ
self-employed
ๆฑไบบๅบๅ ใใ ใใใใใใใ
help-wanted advertisement
ใใผใใฟใคใ
part-time job; part-timer
ๆขใ ใใใ
to look for
ๅ้๏ผใใ๏ผ ใผใใ ใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
recruitment (to recruit)
้ใ ใใจใ
to hire
ๅฟๅใใ ใใใผใใ
to apply for a job; to respond to an advertisement
ๅฑฅๆญดๆธ ใใใใใ
resume
้ขๆฅ๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใใใค๏ผใใ๏ผ
job interview (to interview)
ๆจ่ฆ็ถ ใใใใใใใ
letter of recommendation
ๅคฑๆฅญ๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใคใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
unemployment (to become unemployed)
ๅฟๅ็จ็ด ใใใผใใใ
application form
่จๅ ฅ๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใซใ ใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
filling in forms (to fill in forms)
็ต้จ๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
experience (to experience)
ๅญฆๆญด ใใใใ
educational history
่ทๆญด ใใใใใ
employment history
็ตฆๆ ใใ ใใใใ
salary
้ๅค๏ผใใ๏ผ ใคใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
commuting to work (to commute)
ๆฎๆฅญ๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
overtime (to work overtime)
ๅ็คพ ใใใใใ
trading company
็คพ้ท ใใใกใใ
president of a company
้ๅฝน ใใ ใใใ
executive
้จ้ท ใถใกใใ
department head
่ชฒ้ท ใใกใใ
section chief
ไฟ้ท ใใใใกใใ
subsection chief
OL ใชใผใจใซ
female clerical worker
ๅๅ ใฉใใใใ
colleague
ไธๅธ ใใใใ
superior; supervisor
้จไธ ใถใ
subordinate
ๅ ่ผฉ ใใใฑใ
someone hired before you; someone with more experience than you; someone above you in a school grade
ๅพ่ผฉ ใใใฏใ
someone hired after you; someone employed, enrolled, or involved for less time than you; someone below you in a school grade
่ทๅ ด ใใใใฐ
workplace
ๆ ชๅผไผ็คพ ใใถใใใใใใ
incorporated company; corporation
ไผๆฅญ ใใใใ
enterprise; company
ๆฌๅบ ใปใใฆใ
main store; bank headquarters
ๆฏๅบ ใใฆใ
branch store; bank branch office
ไบๅๆ ใใใใ
office
ๅทฅๅ ด ใใใใใ
factory
ใใธใในใใณ
businessman
ใญใฃใชใขใฆใผใใณ
career woman
ใฟใคใใๆใค ใฟใคใใใใค
to type
OA ใชใผใจใผ
office automation
้ปๅ ใงใใใ
electric calculator
ใใใฐใ
abacus
ใปใญใใผใ
cellophane tape
ใใใใญใน
stapler
ๆธ้ก ใใใใ
documents; papers
ๆ ๅ ฑ ใใใใปใ
information
ใใกใคใซ
file
ใญใฃใใใใ
cabinet
ใใชใณใฟใผ
printer
ใใญใฐใฉใใผ
programmer
ไผ่ญฐ ใใใ
meeting
ๅบๅคใใ ใใ ใฃใใใใ
to come to work; to show up at work
้ฆใซใชใ ใใณใซใชใ
to be fired
้ฆใซใใ ใใณใซใใ
to fire
้ ๅป๏ผใใ๏ผ ใกใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
lateness (to be late)
ๆฉ้๏ผใใ๏ผ ใใใใ๏ผใใ๏ผ
leaving early (to leave early)
็ตๅ ใใฟใใ
union
ในใ๏ผใฉใคใญ๏ผ
strike
ใ ... ใใใ๏ผใใ
regular humble form of a verb
ใ ... ใ
honorific form of progressive construction
ใ ... ใซใชใ
regular honorific form of verb
...ใใ ใซใใ
to be sure to...
...ใใ ใซใชใ
to reach the point of ...-ing
ใใใใ๏ผใใใ
passive ending for verbs
ใใ
humble form of ใใ
ใใใ
humble form of ใใ
ๅใ ใพใใ
humble form of ่กใ๏ผๆฅใ
็ณใ๏ผ็ณใไธใ ใใใ๏ผใใใ ใใใ
humble form of ่จใ
ๆๅใใ ใฏใใใใใใ
humble form of ๅใใ
ใ็ฎใซใใใ ใใใซใใใ
humble form of ๅใ
ๆ่ฆใใ ใฏใใใใใ
humble form of ่ฆใ
ใใใ ใ
humble form of ้ฃฒใ๏ผ้ฃในใ๏ผใใใ
ๅทฎใไธใใ ใใใใใ
humble form of ใใใ
ๅญใใฆใใ ใใใใฆใใ
humble form of ็ฅใฃใฆใใ
ไผบใ ใใใใ
humble form of ่ใ๏ผใใใญใ (to inquire)
ใ็ฎใซใใใ ใใใซใใใ
humble form of ่ฆใใ
ๅญใใ ใใใใ
humble form of ๆใ
ไผบใ๏ผใ้ช้ญใใ ใใใใ๏ผใใใใพ ใใ
humble form of ใใใญใ (to visit)
ใ่ฆงใซใชใ ใใใใซใชใ
respectful form of ่ฆใ
ใใใฃใใใ๏ผใใใงใซใชใ
respectful form of ่กใ๏ผใใ๏ผๆฅใ
ใใฃใใใ
respectful form of ่จใ
ๅฌใไธใใ ใใใใใ
respectful form of ้ฃในใ๏ผ้ฃฒใ
ใชใใ
respectful form of ใใ
ใใใ
respectful form of ใใ
ใๅฌใใซใชใ ใใใใซใชใ
respectful form of ็ใ
ไธใใ ใใ ใใ
respectful form of ใใใ
ใไบกใใชใใซใชใ ใใชใใชใใซใชใ
respectful form of ๆญปใฌ
ใๅญใใ ใใใใใ
respectful form of ็ฅใฃใฆใใ
