Zionism/Palestine in World War I Flashcards
(55 cards)
What is problematic about criticising Israel based on Zionism?
Assumes continuity, an unchanging ideology - ideology as genie of history. Assumes that ideas have the power to shape policies and to continuously shape them.
How should we approach movements in the study of history?
Contingent factors operating within historical context
What is the best way to study ideology?
Through dialectics, tensions, contradictions - never monolithic
What are the five key ways we can look at Zionism?
Safe haven, refuge, national movement, colonial movement, multifaceted phenomenon
What are three distinct versions of Zionism?
European Zionism, Ottoman Zionism, Bourgeois Zionism
How did Ottoman Zionism perceive itself?
As a movement of national Jewish rights rather than territorial independence - context of Armenians, etc.
What would have perhaps meant that Zionism’s relationship with Arabs be not necessarily one of conflict? What is the flip side of this?
Aim of normalising would necessarily mean an inclusive society. On the there hand, project seeking to maintain cultural specificity - problematic for native population.
What determined the path that Zionism took? (Inclusive vs. exclusive)
Historical context of 1930s and 1940s
What has the study of wars in the Middle East tended to neglect?
Impact on society
What does Tamari argue about the historiography of the Ottoman period?
Rewritten and squished down into four miserable years of tyranny. Also ‘high politics’, excepting study of Yishuv.
What is important to remember about Zionism in this period and interfaith relations?
Zionism was not necessarily the determining element in relations
What points to inter-religious/ethnic solidarity in the early years of the war?
Jerusalem municipality meeting - called for unity regardless of nationality or religious beliefs. Also meeting of Jewish and Muslim residents in November 1914.
Who argues that it was the experience of war and crisis which enabled inter-communal cooperation?
Elamliach
When was the Red Crescent Society established?
1915, Jerusalem
Who did Sakakini give shelter to in 1917?
Levine, Russian Zionist Jew with US citizenship
What does Jacobson argue about the Zionist movement in WWI?
Gained power and support from the Jerusalem community, where it had not been particularly influential. Independent network of relief and support - ‘quasi-state’ at times.
What provided the Jewish community with paper money and credit? What was significant about it?
Anglo-Palestine Bank Company - due to American diplomacy. Key to helping Jewish community through crisis.
When did American Jewish aid arrive in Jerusalem? What did it facilitate?
1915-17. ‘Tea and Bread’ Houses.
Whose diary does Tamari compare with al-Turjjeman’s?
al-Fasih
Who points out that even at the end of the war there were more Arabs fighting for the Ottoman Empire than Arab revolt? How many?
Goncu - 300,000
Who argues that Jerusalem was a junction for the Empire and local society in WWI?
Winter and Robert
What happened by October 1914, impacting life and politics in Palestine?
End to foreign postal services - almost complete halt in delivery of foreign newspapers and news from outside Palestine - feeling of almost complete isolation
What was shut down in December 1914?
Arabic newspaper al-Karmil.
What Hebrew newspaper was shut down upon accusations of Zionist propaganda and anti-Ottomanism?
ha-Ahdut (December 1914)
