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Question 1

the study of the processes and factors which
determines the amount of drugs at the sites of action at various
times between the application or administration of drugs in the
body and their elimination from the body

Answer 1

Pharmacokinetics

Question 2

study of how drugs produce effects on living
organisms. Studies the mechanism and site of action of drugs

Answer 2

Pharmacodynamics

Question 3

the art and science of preparing, compounding, and
dispensing of drugs

Answer 3

pharmacy

Question 4

Define Pharmacognosy.

Answer 4

study of the source of drugs

Question 5

Define Posology.

Answer 5

study of drug dosages

Question 6

What is Metrology.

Answer 6

A subdivision of Pharmacy which study the weights and measures of drugs.

Question 7

What are the scopes of Pharmacokinetics?

Answer 7

It studies the movement of drugs in the body including the process of
absorption, distribution, localization in tissues, biotransformation and excretion.

Question 8

Refers to where and how the effect is produced.

Answer 8

Drug action

Question 9

It is the change the drug produces in an individual that can be
perceived and measured.

Answer 9

Drug Effect

Question 10

when the interaction of drugs with receptor molecules produces perceptible changes in the function of an organism

Answer 10

Specific Drug Action

Question 11

What is the difference of Non-specific drug action from Specific drug action?

Answer 11

Non specific drug action drugs bind to molecules in some sites
in the body and do not produce any perceptible effect.

Question 12

Acetylcholine binds to Muscarinic and Nicotinic receptors is an example of Drug action or Drug effect?

Answer 12

drug action

Question 13

true or False.

Acetylcholine- stimulation of smooth muscles of the viscera,
increased secretion of smooth muscles is an example of drug effect.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Give three examples of pharmacological effects.

Answer 14

1. Ingestion of too much water which leads to cell swelling.
2. Overdoes of insulin causes hypoglycemia.
3. Ingestion of oranges makes the animal more resistant to diseases

Question 15

True or False.

Pharmacological effect is when food and hormones are given in proper amounts, promote and
maintain normal body functions.

Answer 15

It is Physiological effects.

Pharmacological effects is a drug induced change in organism.

Question 16

Foods and hormones are not drugs but when administered in excess may
produce exaggerated effects. This an example of what effect?

Answer 16

Pharmacological

Question 17

effect that maintains normal body functions

Answer 17

physiological effect

Question 18

study of harmful effects of drugs

Answer 18

toxicology

Question 19

study of the application of drugs for use in
the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases

Answer 19

Pharmacotherapeutics

Question 20

identification of substances in suspected cases of
poisoning with the aim of solving a chemical problem

Answer 20

forensic

Question 21

A category of Pharma which is the study of basic mechanism of drug action
on biological systems

Answer 21

molecular pharmacology

Question 22

concerned with the rational development,
effective use, and proper evaluation of drugs for the diagnosis,
prevention and cure of diseases

Answer 22

clinical pharmacology

Question 23

concerned with drugs as they are used in the diagnosis, treatment of animal diseases, and in the intentional
alteration of animal physiology

Answer 23

veterinary pharmacology

Question 24

tendency of a drug to combine with its specific receptor

Answer 24

affinity

Question 25

inherent capacity of a drug to produce a response by itself

Answer 25

efficacy

Question 26

a drug that does not have intrinsic activity but binds with specific receptors

Answer 26

antagonist

Question 27

a drug having both agonistic and antagonistic properties

Answer 27

dualist

Question 28

cannot produce an effect except in the presence of an agonist

Answer 28

competitive agonist

Question 29

inhibits the action of an agonist by binding at a site other than the receptor

Answer 29

non competitive agonist

Question 30

a function of the drug’s affinity for the receptor, absorption, excretion, degradation rates

Answer 30

potency

Question 31

indicates the range of dosage over which the drug acts, from minimally detectable to maximally effective

Answer 31

slope

Question 32

What are the three features of the dose response curve?

Answer 32

potency, slope, variability

Question 33

when one of the two drugs has zero intrinsic activity

Answer 33

potentiation

Question 34

effect of a drug combination is greater than the separate effects of the individual drugs

Answer 34

synergism

Question 35

the study of the rate of change from the initial state to the final state of a substance

Answer 35

Kinetics

Question 35

the combined effect of the drugs is equal to the sum of their individual effect

Answer 35

additive effect

Question 36

a constant percentage of the drug remaining in the site of administration is absorbed

Answer 36

first order kinetics

Question 37

the actual amount of drug absorbed per unit time is the same regardless of how much of the drug remains in the site

Answer 37

zero order kinetics

Question 38

the time it takes for a drug concentration to be reduced to 50% its initial concentration

Answer 38

half-life

Question 39

total quantity of drug absorbed intact

Answer 39

bioavailability

Question 40

Drug action is terminated by? (3)

Answer 40

excretion, biotransformation, redistribution of sequestration

Question 41

refers to the biochemical processes affecting the pharmacological activity of drugs and other substances

Answer 41

biotransformation

Question 42

reduction of drug activity

Answer 42

detoxification

Question 43

normal anabolic and metabolic reactions

Answer 43

metabolism

Question 44

Organ where the most important site of drug biotransformation in the body, but biotransformation also occurs in other organs including the intestinal mucosa, lungs, and kidneys.

Answer 44

liver

Question 45

generally less active than the parent compound if not totally inactive

Answer 45

metabolites

Question 46

the process of transforming and inactive or less active compound to a more active metabolite but the resulting does not always cause death

Answer 46

lethal synthesis

Question 47

most important means of eliminating drugs from body

Answer 47

urine and bile

Question 48

four reactions in the biotransformation of drugs by enzymes

Answer 48

oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and conjugation

Question 49

complex of proteins and heme which are located in the SER

Answer 49

microsomal enzymes (cytochrome P-40 or mixed function oxidases)

Question 50

when injected into the circulation stays confined to the cardiovascular system

Answer 50

evan's blue or I-albumin

Question 51

freely diffuses out of blood vessels but does not enter the cells

Answer 51

Inulin or EDTA

Question 52

readily crosses all epithelial barriers used to measure total body fluid volume

Answer 52

isotopic water or antipyrine

Question 53

extracellular fluids but enclosed within epithelial tissues

Answer 53

transcellular fluid volume

Question 54

difference between ECF and plasma volume

Answer 54

interstitial fluid volume

Question 55

difference between total body fluid and ECF

Answer 55

intracellular fluid volume

Question 56

Its volume of distribution therefore is equal to the plasma volume.

Answer 56

evan's blue or I-albumin

Question 57

synovial, intraocular, cerebrospinal, peritoneal, pericardial, and pleural fluids are examples of

Answer 57

transcellular fluids